Tillage system and lime application in a tropical region: Soil chemical fertility and corn yield in succession to degraded pastures (original) (raw)
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Soil and Tillage Research, 2014
An integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), with summer grain cropping and winter grazing of cover crops, is an option for agricultural management in subtropical areas. Despite numerous studies evaluating ICLS, there have been limited investigations of soil acidity and lime application dynamics in such systems. Because grain producers resist introducing livestock into cultivation areas due to fear of negative impacts of grazing on soybean yields and lime movement thorough the soil profile, the objective of this research is to evaluate the impacts of surface lime reapplication on the amelioration of soil acidity attributes and the yield of soybean in a long-term integrated soybean-beef cattle system under no-till under varying grazing intensities. An experiment was established in 2001 for an ICLS on a Rhodic Hapludox soil. Crop succession consisted of soybean (Glycine max) cultivation during summer and a mix of black-oat (Avena strigosa) + Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) during winter. Treatments consisted of varying grazing intensities during winter: intensive grazing, moderate grazing, and no-grazing. Lime was applied to the surface of the entire area at the beginning of the experiment, and a reapplication was performed nine years later (May of 2010) in a sub-parcel scheme (with and without lime reapplication). Soil acidity attributes (pH, base saturation and aluminum saturation) were evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 30 months after lime reapplication, and the soybean yields of the 2010/11, 2011/12, and 2012/13 seasons were measured. As previously observed for the first surface lime application performed in the same trial area, the present study demonstrated that ICLS, regardless of grazing intensity, did not inhibit soil improvement in deeper layers after surface lime reapplication. In fact, the presence of animals helps to ameliorate soil acidity in deeper layers, compared to non-grazed areas. The soybean yield was not correlated with the soil acidity attributes and was affected by lime reapplication only under intensive grazing and drought conditions. However, when summer rainfall was lower than the expected climatological normal, soybean yields were higher in non-grazed areas.
Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2016
The changes of soil pH and dry forage yield of permanent grassland after application of dolomitic limestone and stabilized nitrogen fertilizers are described in this paper. The small‑plot experiment was located on semi‑natural grassland at Bohemian‑Moravian Highlands, near village Kameničky (Czech Republic), with poor and acidic soil. The experiment was divided into two blocks, within one of whose dolomitic limestone was applied in autumn 2013. In each block, 4 experimental treatments were applied: 1. control (untreated), 2. Urea, 3. Urea with inhibitor of urease, 4. Urea with inhibitor of nitrification. After liming, the pH/CaCl2 soil values increased in both the first as well as the second year after application. Fertilizing by urea, namely urea with inhibitors, did not significantly influence the pH/CaCl2 values. Dry forage productions in both years were comparable. In comparison to the untreated variants, significant increase in dry forage yield was achieved after application of...
Limestone Particle Size and Liming Scheduling Influence Soil Properties and Pasture Production
Soil Science, 2010
Liming is a common practice in Galician (NW Spain) soils devoted to pasture production. Although many studies have established the right liming rates, there is a lack of information concerning the ideal particle size for optimal agronomic results. This study aims to evaluate the effects of particle size (2Y4, 0.5Y2, 0.25Y0.5, G0.25 mm) of magnesium limestone as well as the application schedule (in a single application or split in 3 yearly applications) on the proprieties of an acid soil in Galicia and on the yield and quality of pasture growing on the soil during the 2 years after liming. The soil proprieties were monitored seasonally, and the pasture yield and nutritional contents were determined in summer and autumn. The soil analysis showed that the plots treated with a single application of the finest limestone exhibited the highest pH (pH water 5.05Y5.53), and the lowest exchangeable Al (G10% Al saturation throughout the period of study), the highest concentrations of exchangeable Ca (8.40Y10.18 cmol (+) kg j1) and Mg (1.39Y1.71 cmol (+) kg j1) and the highest effective cation exchange capacity (11.2Y13.7 cmol (+) kg j1). In contrast, plots treated with the coarsest limestone had values similar to control plots. The highest production of total dry matter and, especially, the highest yield of sown species were found in the plots receiving the finest limestone (0.75Y1.10 t ha j1 dry matter in summer harvest versus 0.30Y0.75 t ha j1 in control plots). Available P, exchangeable cations (K and Ca), and pH explain a high percentage of the variance of these parameters. The Mg concentrations and the total contents of Ca and Mg in plant tissues were significantly higher in the plots treated with the finest limestone.
Different limestone particle sizes for soil acidity correction, Ca and Mg supply and corn yield
Comunicata Scientiae
The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil acidity correction and the grain yield responses for the lime application in different granulometric particles. The limestone particle sizes incorporated into the distroferric red Oxisol were: 0.20 mm to 0.30 mm; 0.30 mm to 0.56 mm; 0.56 mm to 0.82 mm and 0.82 mm to 2.00 mm, at doses of 1.3 t ha-1; 2.6 t ha-1; 3.9 t ha-1 and 6.6 t ha-1 respectively, and a control respectively, and a control (no lime incorporation in the soil). The soil chemical characteristics pH, H+Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ were evaluated at 6 months and 18 months after the lime application. The corn yields were evaluated during the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 crop years. Higher limestone contents and lower particle size resulted in the same effect on soil acidity correction, reducing Al3+ and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the soil when the 0.30 mm limestone was incorporated, with residual effect at 18 months. Highest corn yield was obtained when the 0.82 mm to 2.00 mm particl...
Effect of pasture composition on lime and phosphate responses on a dryland site
A field trial was conducted on a yellow-grey earth in the Hawke’s Bay (mean annual rainfall 875 mm) over a period of 5 years to measure the effects of lime applications (0, 5, 10 t/ha) on soils high (50 kg P/ha applied annually) or low (5 kg P/ha applied annually) in phosphorus (P). The average annual pasture production on this dryland soil in the absence of applied lime or P was 5060 kg DM/ha (range 3861-6024). The botanical composition of the pasture was variable, average annual legume composition (4/o on DM basis) ranging from 3 to 42%. The predominant. legume was subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean) with white clover (Trifolium repens) making a small contribution in some years. In the first two years after application responses to lime were large (lo-20%), due entirely to liming stimulating the grass component of the pasture, and consistent with liming enhancing the rate of net mineralisation of soil organic nitrogen (N). In years three and-four-the-dominant treatment ef...
Surface Application of Lime for Crop Grain Production Under a No‐Till System
Agronomy Journal, 2005
Lime application is a key management strategy to control the acidifying effects promoted by long-term application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and is also a source of calcium for the crops. Two field studies located in Mitchell County was carried out during 3 years (2016-2018), exploring the effect of lime application in wheat (first year), corn (second year), and soybean (third year) crops. After the first year, there was an increase in wheat yield of up to 8% with lime application. For corn (second year), liming showed a yield response of up to 10%. Soybean (third year) yield response to lime showed a 17% yield increase in one location, however, soybean yield response was inconsistent at the second location. The magnitude of response to lime application would be dependent on the initial soil pH and the sensitivity of the crop to low soil pH. Results from this study showed that lime applied to the surface (and not incorporated), can result in yield response. However, soil pH stratification after multiple years of no-till with surface N fertilizer application, showed low soil pH only near the surface, and the soil profile maintained optimum pH levels at these locations.
Management of Soil Acidity and Its Relations With Soybean Productivity in Brazilian Savanna
Journal of agricultural science, 2021
The soils of Brazilian Savanna, naturally, present acidity problems, making correction practices fundamental to ensure production. Even with so many years since the introduction of agriculture, some soil correction practices are still misused. Thus, the objective was to evaluate soybean yield and chemical changes in a Red Oxisol in the Brazilian Savanna with the use of limestone, associated or not with gypsum, applied superficially and incorporated by harrow and moldboard plow. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in Rio Verde-GO, cultivating soybeans in the 2015/2016 and 2016/1017 harvests. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, with treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme. The first factor refers to the application of superficial limestone and incorporated by harrow and moldboard plow. The second factor was the presence or absence of limestone and/or gypsum (0 + 0; 0.875 + 0 and 0.875 + 1.75 t ha-1). Plant height, number of pods per plant, productivity, pH, Al, CTC, Ca, Mg and V were evaluated, in soil depths of 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m. In the 2016/2017 harvest, the characteristics of pH, CTC, V and contents of Ca, Mg and Al were influenced by the methods of application of limestone and by its use, associated or not with gypsum. There was an increase in pH on the soil surface with the use of limestone and on the subsurface with the use of limestone and gypsum. The moldboard plow provided increases in the contents of Ca and Mg in the soil in comparison to surface application. The moldboard plow incresed in soybean yield, in the second crop, with and without association of gypsum with limestone.
A comparison of lime requirements by five methods on grassland mineral soils in Ireland
Soil Use and Management, 2010
Liming is necessary for good nutrient availability and crop growth. Lime use in Ireland is now the lowest in half a century. A recent study shows that grassland mineral soils in Ireland has a mean pH of 5.4 and mean lime requirement (LR) of 9.3 t ⁄ ha ground limestone. There have been a number of studies in the USA to re-evaluate LR, but little activity in the European Union (EU) in recent years. The primary aim of our research was to compare five methods for estimating LR, which included the Shoemaker-McLean-Pratt (SMP) buffer method currently used in Ireland (IRL), the Sikora buffer method used at the University of Kentucky (UKY), Ca(OH) 2 titration used at University of Georgia (UGA), the modified Mehlich buffer method used at Penn State University (PSU) and the UK RothLime model, using 57 representative grassland mineral soils from Ireland with a pH range from 4.8 to 6.6. The secondary aim was to explore an alternative to the SMP buffer that does not involve the use of toxic chemicals. The results show good agreement between the pH measured by the Irish and three US laboratories and reasonably good agreement in LR estimated by five methods. The main conclusions are: (1) a significant proportion of grassland on mineral soils in Ireland would benefit from liming to increase soil pH, (2) on average, LRs as recommended in Ireland are higher than those advised elsewhere, (3) the target pH in Ireland is high compared with that in other countries and should be reduced from pH 6.5 to 6.2, (4) the SMP buffer method should be replaced by a suitable alternative and, in principle, any of the four methods studied would be suitable, (5) to find the most suitable alternative for accurate LR advice it would be necessary to compare the different methods to the actual LR from incubation of representative soils with calcium hydroxide.
Scientia Agricola, 2006
Crop root growth and grain yield can be affected by chemical modifications in the soil profile due to surface lime application. A field trial was carried out on a loamy dystrophic Typic Hapludox at Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil, to evaluate root growth and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. CD 104, moderately susceptible to Al), about 10 years after surface liming (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1) and three years after surface re-liming (0 and 3 Mg ha-1), in a long-term no-till cultivation system. Soil acidity limited wheat root growth and yield severely, probably as a result of extended water deficits during the vegetative stage. Surface liming caused increases up to 66% in the root growth (0-60 cm) and up to 140% in the grain yield. Root density and grain yield were correlated positively with soil pH and exchangeable Ca2+, and negatively with exchangeable Al3+ and Al3+ saturation, in the surface and subsurface layers.