Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastrointestinal Diseases (original) (raw)
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Helicobacter pylori and upper gastrointestinal diseases: A review
Since its first isolation by Marshall and Warren, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been recognized to have a causal role in the upper gastrointestinal diseases development, especially in chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative flagellate bacterium that has a high genetic diversity, which is an important factor in its adaptation to the host stomach and also for the clinical outcome of the infection, an aspect that remains unclear. However, it is thought to involve a interplay among the virulence of the infecting strain, host genetics and environmental factors. This review chapter brings the principal characteristics of the diseases associated with H. pylori infection and summarizes some important characteristics concerning the virulence of bacterium strain, host genetics and external environment.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021
Pathogenic potentials of the gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, have been proposed, evaluated, and confirmed by many laboratories for nearly 4 decades since its serendipitous discovery in 1983 by Barry James Marshall and John Robin Warren. Helicobacter pylori is the first bacterium to be categorized as a definite carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Half of the world’s population carries H. pylori, which may be responsible for severe gastric diseases like peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. These two gastric diseases take more than a million lives every year. However, the role of H. pylori as sole pathogen in gastric diseases is heavily debated and remained controversial. It is still not convincingly understood, why most (80–90%) H. pylori infected individuals remain asymptomatic, while some (10–20%) develop such severe gastric diseases. Moreover, several reports indicated that colonization of H. pylori has pos...
Gastric Cancer
The microaerophilic gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori can be considered one of the most successful human pathogens as infects over 50% of the world population. The gastric infection results always in a chronic gastric inflammation, that progress throughout years to diverse severe diseases as peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This bacterium is the strongest recognized risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, being classified as human carcinogen class I. H. pylori is the leading pathogen organism responsible for new cases of cancer each year. For an efficient management of the infection it is relevant to understand the bacteria specific characteristics, especially the ones enabling the bacteria surviving on the gastric environment and its adaptation to the immune system and drugs therapy. The present work reviews the infection prevalence, the infection relationships with gastric diseases, the decrease efficiency of the drugs therapy and how the bacteria niche and its main characteristics contributes for its persistence throughout the lifetime of the human host.
Helicobacter pylori. Basics and clinical overview
Saudi medical journal, 2005
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has greatly changed the approach to the management of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. A sound knowledge of the basics of H. pylori is an important aid in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions associated with this infection. Gastric carcinoma is estimated to be the world's second most common cancer as a cause of death. It is hoped that gastric cancer can be prevented by H. pylori eradication; however, this issue is still under investigation. Active research is ongoing to highlight the mechanisms by which H. pylori leads to severe gastric diseases as well as finding associations with extra-gastric diseases.
Helicobacter pylori Gastritis, the Unifying Concept for Gastric Diseases
Helicobacter, 2007
Helicobacter pylori infection causes a broad spectrum of clinical diseases and the clinical manifestations of the infection depend on host, environmental, and bacterial factors. These factors have an impact on the pattern and severity of gastritis and ultimately determine the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection. Better staging of gastritis may help to identify patients at risk of gastric cancer. In this article we will examine the complex interaction between host, environmental, and bacterial factors in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.
Friend or Foe ? Helicobacter pylori Infection : Epidemiology , Signs , and Symptoms , and Treatment
2021
H. pylori can induce gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases, and cancer, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. It is also associated with numerous comorbidities. Nevertheless, several purported positive impacts of the bacterium have been noted, such as maintaining the stomach’s healthy environment. Non-pathogenic H. pylori strains may aid in normalizing excess stomach acids and regulating appetite. Patients with H. pylori infection can experience acute gastritis symptoms with acute-onset abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Non-specific abdominal pain, a sense of bloating, belching, and appetite loss are signs of infection. However, about 90% of individuals infected with H. pylori may never experience any symptoms during their lifetime, although 10–20% are at risk for peptic ulcer disease. The precise routes of H. pylori transmission remain unclear, although contaminated food, water, or soil are strongly suspected as well as person-to-person transmission through feco-oral...
Helicobacter pylori infection: past, present and future
Pan African Medical Journal, 2016
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) by Warren and Marshall in 1982 was preceded by nearly a hundred year of inconspicuous publications in regard to spiral bacteria, achlorhydria, gastritis, gastric urease, and antimicrobial therapy for peptic ulcers. The infection has now been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastric carcinoma, and gastric mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The understanding of the etiopathogenesis of dyspepsia and the approach to its management continues to evolve such that PUD and MALT lymphoma are now being considered as infectious diseases in which elimination of the causative agent cures the conditions. Various diagnostic tests with good diagnostic accuracies have been developed and effective multiple antimicrobial therapies are now available for the eradication of the infection. Despite the substantial progress made, there still exits a considerable gap to be filled. A significant number of information generated from studying the bacterial characteristics and host response to the infection has not yet been translated into clinical practice. A major challenge is the absence of a specific antibiotic monotherapy for effective treatment of the infection.