CHAPTER 1: MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN (original) (raw)

assesment of malnutrition under 5 years

Malnutrition literally means "bad nutrition" and technically includes both over-and undernutrition. In the context of developing countries, under-nutrition is generally the main issue of concern, though industrialization and changes in eating habits have increased the prevalence of over-nutrition. Nonetheless, within the context of World Food Program (WFP) programs And assessments, malnutrition refers to under-nutrition unless otherwise specified. WFP defines malnutrition as "a state in which the physical function of an individual is impaired to the point where he or she can no longer maintain adequate bodily performance process such as growth, pregnancy, lactation, physical work and resisting and recovering from disease.

Undernutrition in Children: An Updated Review

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 2017

Undernutrition is defined as being underweight for one's age, too short for one's age (stunting), dangerously thin for one's height (wasting) and deficient in vitamins and minerals (micronutrient deficiencies) as an outcome of insufficient food intake, inadequate care and infectious diseases. Undernutrition is widely recognized as a major health problem in the developing countries of the world. Undernutrition affects more than one third of world's children, and nearly 30% of people of all ages in the developing world, making this the most damaging form of malnutrition worldwide. Ayurveda explains the disease Karshya which can be taken as the nutritional deficiency disorder which may be a result of under nutrition or malnutrition. Nutritional deficiency where the weight loss (underweight) is main event can be considered as Karshya. The present article details all the updates regarding undernutrition in children.

Defining Pediatric Malnutrition

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2013

Evaluation of nutrition status and provision of adequate nutrition are crucial components in the overall management of children during illness because malnutrition is prevalent and affects normal growth, development, other clinical outcomes, and resource utilization. 1 Large-scale international studies have attributed a majority of all childhood deaths to undernutrition, with high relative risks of mortality for severe malnutrition. 2,3 In the developed world, malnutrition is predominantly related to disease, chronic conditions, trauma, burns, or surgery (henceforth referred to as illness-related malnutrition in this article). Illness-related malnutrition in children may be attributed to nutrient loss, increased energy expenditure, decreased nutrient intake, or altered nutrient utilization. These factors are seen frequently in relation to acute illnesses such as trauma, burns, and infections, as well as chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, malignancies, congenital heart disease (CHD), gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, and neuromuscular diseases. In addition to the anthropometric changes in acute malnutrition, chronic malnutrition may be characterized by stunting (decreased height velocity). Although several studies have reported a prevalence of illness-related malnutrition of 6%-51% in hospitalized children, this condition is probably underrecognized. 4-6 Lack of uniform definitions, heterogeneous nutrition screening practices, and failure to prioritize nutrition as part of patient care are some of the factors responsible for underrecognition of the prevalence of malnutrition and its impact on clinical outcomes. To date, a uniform definition of malnutrition in children has remained elusive. Current terminologies such as protein-energy malnutrition, marasmus, and kwashiorkor describe the effects of malnutrition but do not account for the variety of etiologies and dynamic interactions that are relevant to nutrition depletion in children. A better definition of malnutrition is essential to reach the following goals: (a) early identification of those at risk of malnutrition, (b) comparison of malnutrition prevalence between studies and centers, (c) development of uniform screening tools, (d) development of thresholds for intervention, (e) collection of meaningful nutrition data, and (f) evidence-based analysis of the impact of malnutrition and its treatment on patient outcomes. 7 To address this issue, an interdisciplinary American Society for 972P ENXXX10.1177/0148607113479972Journ