Radiation Pattern Determination of a Broad Side Array (original) (raw)

Analyze the Effect of Number of Elements on Radiation Pattern of Broadside array and End Fire array

research.ijcaonline.org

In the smart antenna system, the commonly used Antenna arrays are broadside array, and end fire array. They adapt to radiate their own beam patterns. The antenna arrays with different arrangements may produce the diverse radiation properties. The overall radiation pattern of an array is determined by array factor combined with the radiation pattern of the antenna element. The overall radiation pattern results in a certain directivity and different lobes with different number of elements. Thus in this paper analysis is made on the effect of number of elements on broadside array and end fire array. And the comparative conclusions are drawn

Study of Broadside Linear Array Antenna with Different Spacing and Number of Elements

— A uniform linear antenna array has all its elements placed along a straight line with same spacing between them. This paper presents the comparative study of the consequences of different spacing and number of elements in terms of array factor, antenna directivity and half power beam-width (HPBW) for Broadside array. The results were obtained through the antenna parameters algorithm and simulations were done with MATLAB. The algorithm has been designed to operate with random number of elements with specific spacing. Output was studied with 2, 10, 40, 70 and 100 numbers of elements having specific spacing. The particular spacings are 0.1λ, 0.25λ, 0.5λ and 0.75λ. With the increase of number of elements and spacing between them, the directivity and array factor increases.

The Issue of Sidelobe Level in Antenna Array: The Challenge and the Possible Solution

This work looked at the issue of sidelobe level associated with antenna array and the challenge, providing a way that the issue and challenge can be overcome. Different authors have used different techniques in trying to find solutions to the problems in antenna array. This research work considered enhanced firefly algorithm and genetic algorithm as techniques or methods in addressing the issues in antenna array, such as side lobe level reduction. The work has shown that enhanced firefly algorithm (EFA) performs better than genetic algorithm (GA) in optimizing side lobe level of antenna array without any serious effect on the beam width. The best side lobe level obtained while using enhanced firefly was (À32.5 dB) compared to the value of (À20.0 dB) obtained with genetic algorithm. It was also found that tilting beam towards the direction of end fire, genetic algorithm optimization technique can be used to reasonably reduce the level of side lobe in array antennas. It was also found from this research work that reducing the number of active elements in an antenna array by way of turning OFF some elements can be used to improve performance of the array.

An Optimized Design of Antenna Arrays for the Smart Antenna Systems

Tech Science Press, 2021

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand to improve cellular communication services in several aspects. The aspect that received the most attention is improving the quality of coverage through using smart antennas which consist of array antennas. this paper investigates the main characteristics and design of the three types of array antennas of the base station for better coverage through simulation (MATLAB) which provides field and strength patterns measured in polar and rectangular coordinates for a variety of conditions including broadsides, ordinary End-fire, and increasing directivity End-fire which is typically used in smart antennas. The method of analysis was applied to twenty experiments of process design to each antenna type separately, so sixty results were obtained from the radiation pattern indicating the parameters for each radiation pattern. Moreover, nineteen design experiments were described in this section. It is hoped that the results obtained from this study will help engineers solve coverage problems as well as improve the quality of cellular communication networks.

SIDELOBE REJECTION IN A UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAY ANTENNA USING WINDOWING TECHNIQUES

In this paper the radiation pattern of Uniform linear arrays like Broad Side Array and End Fire Array with reduced side lobes is generated. For some applications, single element antennas are unable to meet the gain or radiation pattern requirements. So combining several single antenna elements in an array can be a possible solution. Array is a system of similar antennas oriented similarly to get greater directivity in a desired direction. Various techniques can be used to reduce the side lobes in the radiation pattern. Here, we employ windowing techniques for the reduction of side lobes. MATLAB (7.12) is the Simulation Platform. Various

Software for Calculating Radiation Patterns for Linear Antenna Arrays

2002

This paper describes the characteristics of a software developed on MatLab Scripts to obtain the radiation patterns of linear antenna arrays using dipoles as the elements. The software includes, among several other options: the analysis and design of arrays with progressive phase, arrays with non uniform amplitude excitation and arrays with non uniform separation. Some special attributes of the software are the simulation through the straight calculation of the fields, the analysis of sensitivity and the behavior against frequency changes, as well as the use of the current distribution on the dipole calculated by the method of moments. Key-Words: Simulation, Antenna Arrays, Radiation Pattern, Dipole, Moment Method, Array Factor, Sensitivity of Antennas

Array factor measurements towards array antennas characterization

2005

The huge expansion of mobile terminal users and the high data rate services has lead the networks to their limits. During last years there is intent research in how to increase the capacity in networks. The base stations have mainly antennas with omnidirectional or sectored patterns. There is a need for adaptive radiation pattern in order to save power and to have larger capacity that means an increased number of users. To this direction, phased array antennas are commonly used. Phased arrays have the advantage that controlling the phase angle of each array element it is feasible to control the radiation pattern of the array and to steer the lobe in a desirable direction. In the design and evaluation of communications systems, there is a growing need for array antenna characterization. The main parameter that characterizes such an antenna is the Array Factor (AF). In this work, a methodology for the measurement of AF is presented. This methodology is applied on a reference array prototype made for the evaluation of the proposed measurement procedure. The results of the measurements are compared to those obtained both from theory and EM model simulation.

Design and calibration of circular uniform beam array for wideband channel characterisation

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation, 2010

Antenna arrays are central to the parametric characterisation of the radio channel, which includes the estimation of angle of arrival and angle of departure of the multipath components. Estimation of angular information requires accurate characterisation of the magnitude and phase response of the antenna array. Wideband patch arrays with 458 directivity were designed and implemented for channel measurements in the 2 GHz band. Two antenna calibration units, which either simultaneously measure the magnitude for eight antennas or measure the magnitude and phase of four antenna elements, were designed and implemented to characterise the arrays. Results demonstrating the suitability of the arrays and the calibration techniques for angle of arrival estimation are presented. 2 Antenna arrays 2.1 General considerations The design requirements for the antenna element and the array architecture for the present study were to enable the estimation of angular spread information using