Meiotic studies in Dysdercus Guérin Meneville 1831 (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). I. Neo-XY in Dysdercus albofasciatus Berg 1878, a new sex chromosome determining system in Heteroptera (original) (raw)
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Folia biologica (Kraków), 2003
So far, only seven and five species of Dysdercus from the Old and New Worlds, respectively, have been cytogenetically analysed. They all have holokinetic chromosomes and a pre-reductional type of meiosis. In the present study the chromosome complement, male meiosis and nucleolar meiotic cycle of Dysdercus imitator were analysed. During male meiosis several cytogenetic features are remarkable, namely the presence of a long diffuse stage after pachytene, the finding of one or two ring bivalents per cell in almost all specimens, and the presence of several prenucleolar bodies lasting up to telophase II. The origin and function of these prenucleolar bodies could be related to a particular physiological cycle of the meiocytes.
Hereditas, 2002
Dysdercus Guérin Méneville, 1831 comprises insect species that are often serious pests of cotton both in the Old and New World, representing the only taxon from Pyrrhocoridae in the Neotropical Region. The genus is cytologically characterized by possession of holokinetic chromosomes and a prereductional type of meiosis. So far, only seven species from the Old World and five species from the Neotropical Region have been cytogenetically described. In the present report we compare the male meiosis from both natural and inbred populations of Dysdercus chaquensis Freiberg, 1948. Our results demonstrated that even though both populations share the same diploid chromosome number, the presence of a diffuse stage was found to be committed to the wild population of the species. Furthermore, the diffuse stage was found in a high frequency in all analysed wild specimens, indicating the long duration of this period among the regular meiosis of D. chaquensis. Taking into account that the diffuse stage is connected with an intense and long period of cellular growth, and with an important transcriptional activity, the absence of this stage in all the inbred specimens of D. chaquensis could be related with the lack of unfavourable physiological conditions due to the environmental uniformity along seven years of inbreeding.
Meiotic Behavior of 18 Species From Eight Families of Terrestrial Heteroptera
Journal of Insect Science, 2014
Insects of the suborder Heteroptera are known for their odor, for being pests, or for being disease carriers. To gain better insight into the cytogenetic characteristics of heteropterans, 18 species of terrestrial Heteroptera belonging to eight families were studied. The presence of heteropycnotic corpuscles during prophase I, terminal or interstitial chiasmas, telomeric associations between chromosomes, ring disposals of autosomes during metaphase, and late migrations of the sex chromosomes during anaphase were analyzed. These features showed identical patterns to other species of Heteroptera previously described in the literature. Another studied characteristic was chromosome complements. The male chromosome complements observed were 2n ¼ 12 chromosomes [10A þ XY, Galgupha sidae (Amyot & Serville) (Corimelaenidae) and Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Scutelleridae)]; 2n ¼ 13 [10A þ 2m þ X0, Harmostes serratus (Fabricius), Harmostes apicatus (Stål), Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schaeffer), Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius), Jadera sp. (Rhopalidae)], and Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n ¼ 13 [12A þ X0, Stenocoris furcifera (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n ¼ 14 [12A þ XY, Dictyla monotropidia (Stål) (Tingidae)]; 2n ¼ 19 [18A þ X0, Acanonicus hahni (Stål) (Coreidae)]; 2n ¼ 21 [18A þ 2m þ X0, Acanthocephala sp. (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n ¼ 27 [24A þ 2m þ X0, Anisoscelis foliacea marginella (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n ¼ 18 [16A þ XY, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n ¼ 17 [14A þ X 1 X 2 Y, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n ¼ 16 [12A þ 2m þ XY, Pachybrachius bilobatus (Say) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n ¼ 26 [24A þ XY, Atopozelus opsinus (Elkins) (Reduviidae)]; and 2n ¼ 27 [24A þ X 1 X 2 Y, Doldina carinulata (Stål) (Reduviidae)]. The diversity of the cytogenetic characteristics of Heteroptera was reflected in the 18 studied species. Thus, this study extends the knowledge of these characteristics, such as the variations related to chromosome complements, sex chromosome systems, and meiotic behavior.
Sex Chromosome Evolution in Cotton Stainers of the Genus Dysdercus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2009
between the species. Immunostaining against the cohesin subunit SMC3 revealed that only terminal regions of the D. albofasciatus neo-Xneo-Y bivalent pair and form a synaptonemal complex, which is in keeping with the occurrence of terminal chiasmata, whereas the interstitial region forms a large loop indicating the absence of homology. These results support the hypothesis that the neo-X chromosome evolved by insertion of the original X chromosome into 1 NOR-bearing autosome in an ancestor carrying the X0 system. As a consequence, the homologue of this NOR-autosome became the neo-Y chromosome. A subsequent inversion followed by transposition of the NOR located on the neo-Y onto the neo-X chromosome resulted in the present neo-sex chromosome system in D. albofasciatus .
European Journal of Entomology, 2001
So far, available cytogenetic data on 24 species of Rhopalidae reveal a male diploid chromosome number of 13, with a pair of m chromosomes and an X0/XX (male/female) sex chromosome determining system. As a rule Heteroptera have holokinetic chromosomes and a pre-reductional type of meiosis: the autosomal bivalents and the m pseudobivalent segregate reductionally at first meiotic division, while the X chromosome segregates equationally. In the present study, the meiotic chromosome behaviour was analyzed in males from different Argentinean populations of Jadera haematoloma and J. sanguinolenta. Our results corroborate the diploid chromosome number and general patterns of male meiosis previously reported by other authors in samples from Brazil and Texas (USA). Among bivalents, one is remarkably larger and may present one or two terminal chiasmata. Comparison of mean chiasma frequency between Jadera haematoloma (5.63) and J. sanguinolenta (5.14) revealed that differences are significant. In most individuals of both species the largest pair appears as univalents in a variable number of cells and shows a regular meiotic segregation. Autosomal univalents orientate axially at metaphase I (with their long axis parallel to the spindle axis) and segregate equationally at anaphase I. At metaphase II they associate end-to-end forming a pseudobivalent that segregates reductionally at anaphase II. An hypothesis is suggested to explain the appearance of the largest pair, either as a ring/rod bivalent or as univalents within the same individual, although an asynaptic or desynaptic origin of the univalents cannot be ascertained. The highly regular meiotic behaviour of this autosomal pair could ensure a high fertility of the individuals, and could be considered a selectively neutral condition or, at least, not detrimental.
Hereditas, 1996
Five species belonging to the two families of Dipsocoromorpha were studied: three species from the family Dipsocoridae ~ Cryptostemma pusillimum J . Sb. (2n = 16 + 2m + XY, Yz), C. hickmani Hill (2n = 18 + 2m + XU), and C. ca.ytuneouitreus Linnavuori (2n = 18 + m? + XU) and two species from the family Schizopteridae Pateenu elimata Hill (2n = 30 + 2m + X O ) and Rectilamintl australis Hill (2x1 = 30 + 2m + X0). In all species, autosomes formed chiasmate bivalents in spermatogenesis, and the sex chromosome univalent(s) divided at the first meiotic division and segregated at the second. The evolution of autosomal number, m-chromosomes, and sex chromosome systems within the Dipsocoromorpha and in the whole Heteroptera was discussed.
Evolutionary cytogenetics in Heteroptera
Journal of Biological Research
INTRODUCTION Cytogenetic studies in Heteroptera date from 1891 with Henking's morphological study on the sper-matogenesis of the bug Pyrrhocoris apterus Linnaeus (Pyrrhocoridae). He described the presence of a chromatin body (the "X chromosome") that showed an unusual staining during meiotic prophase and a peculiar behaviour during meiosis. The observations of Henking and other cytologists, together with their own observations in males and females of different Heteroptera species, were finally interpreted by Mc Clung (1901) and Wilson (1909b). They suggested a direct relationship between sex determination and presence of either one or two "X chromosomes" in X0/XX systems, or an XY or XX chromosome pair in species with XY/XX systems. Through a series of publications that appeared between 1897 and 1932, Wilson and Montgomery settled the foundations on Heteroptera cytogenetics. Some years later, between the 1930s and the 1960s, Schrader and Hughes-Schrader contr...
Caryologia, 2001
The Pentatomidae are one of the largest families of Heteroptera with approximately 250 species cytogenetically analyzed. They possess holokinetic chromosomes, a modal diploid number of 14 (range 6-27) and a sex chromosome determining system XY/XX. Male karyotype and meiosis of Proxys albopunctulatus, Dichelops furcatus, Piezodorus guildinii, Loxa deducta (Pentatominae); Dinocoris prolineatus and Macropygium reticulare (Discocephalinae) from Argentina are analyzed. All these species are 2n= 14 (12 + XY), except D. furcatus with 2n= 12 (10 + XY) as consequence of an autosomal fusion. Meiosis follows the typical pattern of the order Heteroptera (pre-reduction of autosomes, postreduccion of sex chromosomes, and ring arrangement of autosomes at both metaphase plates with sex chromosomes inside it). These species show a great constancy in the diploid number, but some differences in the karyotype and meiotic behaviour are encountered (relative size of sex chromosomes, characteristics of the diffuse stage). In all the species except in M. reticulare, bivalents with two chiasmata are observed. We suggest that ring bivalents are not so uncommon as it has been previously supported.
2007
The subfamily Lygaeinae comprises 58 genera with about 500 species distributed world-wide. Despite the great biodiversity of the taxon, cytogenetic data of the group is scarce. To date, only 26 species belonging to 12 genera have been cytogenetically described. As it is the rule for the order Heteroptera, all the species possess holokinetic chromosomes, and a pre-reductional type of meiosis, namely at anaphase I the autosomal bivalents divide reductionally while the sex chromosomes are achiasmatic and divide equationally. Available data reveal that all the Lygaeinae are characterised by a modal diploid number of 14 and an XY/XX sex chromosome determining system. In the present study the male meiotic development of Lygaeus alboornatz/s from Argentina is analysed. The results demonstrate that the species, though sharing the basic chromosomal features from Lygaeinae, has a diploid number of 12 (10+XY), being this chromosome number the lowest reported so far for the subfamily,