Volatile constituents and anti candida activity of the aerial parts essential oil of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter grown in Iran (original) (raw)
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Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021
The chemical characterization and antimicrobial activities of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation technique from leaves and stems are reported in this work. Dittrichia viscosa (L.) samples were collected from the Bainem forest in the northwest part of Algiers (the capital). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method was employed to identify the oil's chemical composition. It was found that leaves are mainly composed of three major abundant composites, specifically, caryophyllene oxide (10.4%), fokienol (9.6%) and trans-nerolidol (7%). Moreover, the oil isolated from the stems was found to be chiefly composed of trans-totarol (18.1%), α-cedrol (16.7%), and ferruginol (16.6%). Additionally, antimicrobial activity tests were performed on the isolated essential oils using the zone of inhibition (agar disk-diffusion method) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of four bacteria strains, mainly, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The MIC values of leaves are found to range between 15 µg and 100 µg, whereas stems are found to exhibit MIC values ranging between 20 µg and 300 µg. Furthermore, antifungal susceptibility tests, which become important tools to dictate the treatment of fungal diseases, are conducted on two yeast strains: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. The obtained antimicrobial results are correlated with the chemical composition findings of the essential oils from leaves and stem to determine the roles of the chemical composites on the antibacterial activity. Interestingly, the oil obtained from the leaves displayed a better inhibitory effect on (bacteria and yeast strains) in comparison with oil (stems). This difference in inhibitory effect can be attributed to the dominant existence of the oxygenated sesquiterpenes and trans-nerolidol compounds in leaves.
Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2016
Thechemical compositionand in vitro antimicrobial activities of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter essential oil was studied. Moreover, using agglomerative hierarchical cluster (AHC)a nd principal component analyses (PCA), the interrelationships of the D. graveolens essential-oil profiles characterized so far (including the samplefrom this study)were investigated. To evaluate the chemical compositiono ft he essentialo il, GC-FID and GC/MSa nalyses were performed. Altogether, 54 compounds were identified, accounting for 92.9% of the total oil composition.The D. graveolens oil belongs to the monoterpenoid chemotype,with monoterpenoids comprising 87.4% of the totally identified compounds.The major componentswere borneol (43.6%) and bornyl acetate(38.3%). Multivariate analysis showedthat the compounds borneol and bornyl acetate exerted the greatest influence on the spatiald ifferencesi nt he compositiono ft he reported oils.T he antimicrobial activity against five bacterial and one fungal strain was determined using ad isk-diffusion assay.T he studied essential oil was active only against Gram-positive bacteria.
Molecules, 2021
The epidemiology of yeast infections and resistance to available antifungal drugs are rapidly increasing, and non-albicans Candida species and rare yeast species are increasingly emerging as major opportunistic pathogens. In order to identify new strategies to counter the threat of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, essential oils (EOs) have become an important potential in the treatment of fungal infections. EOs and their bioactive pure compounds have been found to exhibit a wide range of remarkable biological activities. We investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of nine commercial EOs such as Thymus vulgaris (thyme red), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Lavandula vera (lavender), Pinus sylvestris (pine), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), Salvia officinalis (sage), Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) and Pelargonium asperum (geranium), and some of their main components (α-pinene, carvacrol, citronellal, eugenol, γ-terpinene, linalool, linalylacetate, t...
The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and their major components
Mycopathologia, 2005
Many volatile oils are known to possess antifungal properties and are potentially applicable as antimycotic agents. By studying the efficacy of essential oils against different pathogenic mycetes, we have evaluated the in-vitro inhibiting activity of some essential oils and their main constituents against a strain of Candida albicans. Sixteen commercial essential oils and forty-two pure constituents (alcohols, aldehydes, ketons, phenols and hydrocarbons), were tested by using a semisolid agar antifungal susceptibility (SAAS) method. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analyses of the oils tested were performed. The essential oils of Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana, Mentha piperita, Cinnamomum verum, Cymbopogon flexuosus showed maximum inhibitory activity (MIC = 500 ppm) after 7 days. According to the results of the examination of pure constituents, β-phellandrene proved to be the most interesting component among cyclic monoterpenic hydrocarbons as it showed a strong activity (MIC = 50 ppm). The most active of phenols was carvacrol (MIC 100 ppm). The open-chain alcohol 1-decanol was the most active of alcohols at 50 ppm. Finally, among aldehydes, a strong activity was shown by trans-cynnamaldehyde (MIC 50 ppm).
Objective. — To study the composition, the antioxidant activity and the in vitro antifungal action anti-Candida species of essential oils extracted from seeds of Vite xagnus-castus L. Materials and method. — The essential oils were extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH free radical-scavenging method. Susceptibility tests for Candida albicans (12), C. dubliniensis (1), C. glabrata (3), C. krusei (3), C. parapsilosis (6), C. lusitaniae (1), C. famata (1) and C. tropicalis (3) were expressed as inhibition zone by the discdiffusion method and as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) by the broth macrodilution method, compared to amphotricin B and fluconazol as standard drugs. Results. — Major components were: 1,8-cineole (19.61%), sabinene (14.57%), a-pinene (9.76%), b-farnesene (6.04%), b-caryophyllene oxide (5.83%) and b-caryophyllene (5.02%). A low antioxidant activity was found (IC50 = 1.072 mg/ml), but it can be exploited. V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils disosed a 35-58 mm zone of inhibition (mean: 49 mm) against all 30 isolates tested. In broth macrodilution method, all the tested Candida species were susceptible to the essential oils and this activity was concentration-dependent. MIC values varied from 0.13 to 2.13 mg/ml V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils. Conclusion. — Results of this study indicated that the oils of plant origin could be used as potential anti-Candida species causative agents of nosocomial infections. These oils exhibited a noticeable antifungal activity against the selected fungi. The natural antifungal substances are inexpensive and have fewer side effects, they may represent alternative therapies for candidiasis.
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2019
The aims of this research were: evaluate the chemical composition and the cytotoxicity of the Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Anethum graveolens (dill), Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oils, as well as their antifungal activity in vitro against ten Candida spp. isolates. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The cytotoxicity assays were performed, using the cell proliferation reagent WST-1 in L929 mouse fibroblasts (20x103 well-1). The determinate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), was performed through the Broth Microdilution technique (CLSI). The chemical main components were the cuminaldehyde (32.66%) for cumin, carvone (34.89%) for the dill, trans-anethole (94.01%) for the anise and anethole (79.62%) for the fennel. Anise and fennel did not were cytotoxic in all the tested concentrations, however the cumin oil was cytotoxic in the concentration of 20 mg.mL-1 a...
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017
This work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Tangawisi® plants on a strain of Candida albicans. Nine plants were identified as aromatic plants contained in Tangawisi® products and their essential oil yield had being determined. The extraction yield in essential oils of identified plants were respectively Piper guineense (4.94%), Monodora myristica (1.57%), Zingiber officinalis (1.31%), Xylopia aethiopica (1.23%), Securidaca longepedunculata (1.07%), Cyperus articulatus (0.59%), Aframomum melegueta (0.33%), Mangifera indica (0.16%) and Heinsia crinita (0,247%). TLC chromatographic profile showed that each essential had a characteristic fingerprint and compared to thymol and eugenol used as positive control, only Zingiber officinalis contains eugenol. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed as a result of six of these essential oils is 6 mm for essential oils of Monodora myristica and Piper guineense, 9.33 mm for that of Cyperus articulatus, 11.33 mm for the Xylopia aethiopica, 15.7 mm for that of Securidaca longepedunculata and 19 mm for the Zingiber officinalis oils. The minimum fungistatic concentration on the strain of Candida albicans is 0.05% for essential oils of Securidaca longepedunculata, 0.075% for Zingiber officinalis and Xylopia aethiopica and 0.5% for those of Monodora myristica, Piper guineense and Cyperus articulatus. The essential minimum fungicidal concentration is 0.075% for oil of Securidaca longepedunculata, 0.25% for that of Zingiber officinalis, 0.5% for that of Xylopia aethiopica, 1% for that of Monodora myristica, 2.5% for that of Cyperus articulatus and is greater than 3.5% for that of Piper guineense. The essential oils of Securidaca longepedunculata, Zingiber officinalis and Monodora myristica have a fungicide power to the Candida albicans strain while those of Xylopia aethiopica, Cyperus articulatus and Piper guineense have a fungistatic one.
The Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2023
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity and the potential synergistic activity of ten plant extracts (EXs) and ten essential oils (EOs) obtained from the same plant species, namely Agrimonia eupatoria L., Arctium lappa L., Arnica montana L., Bidens cernua L., Corylus avellana L., Echinacea purpurea L. (Moench), Menta piperita L., Trifolium pratense L., Syzygium aromaticum L., and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels were used. Three species of the genus Candida, namely C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, isolated from polluted estuarine water, were used in this study. The chemical composition of all EOs was evaluated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. Firstly, the susceptibility of Candida spp. strains to EXs and EOs was screened by the agar disc diffusion method. Then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested EXs and EOs was determined in a concentration range from 256 to 0.125 µL/mL. Following that, the effective EXs and EOs were divided into two groups (strong effect and weak effect) and tested in combination (strong + weak) at various concentrations depending on the tested strain to determine their potential synergistic effect using the chessboard pattern. The most sensitive strain to treatments with EXs and EOs tested alone and in mixtures was C. albicans. The most potent combinations with other EXs/EOs were observed with Syzygium aromaticum L., for both plant extract and essential oil, respectively. In this study the EOs and EXs tested in combination were much more effective than when acting on the growth of Candida spp. separately. So, the synergistic effect of the combinations of the EXs and EOs can lead to a reduction in the doses of commercial antifungals and can provide an effective way to reduce the infections caused by yeasts of the genus Candida.
The Essential Volatile Oils for the Treatment of Candida infections
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2016
The use of plant extracts and especially essential oils is a traditional medicine method that is many centuries and even millenniums old. We summarized and analyzed the effects of some essential oils or their extracts on Candida fungal strains and the methods used in testing antifungal in laboratories. The use of such essential oils in laboratory experiments showed considerable therapeutic results and antifungal effects on different Candida strains. The modern medicine, reconsider it in order to use it as an alternative to the antimycotic medication in fungal infections. The newest research demonstrated that these natural origin substances can be used with success in many cases of fungal infections. Keyword: essential oils, fungal infections, Candida species, natural origin antifungal. INTRODUCTION Candida infections are the most frequent fungal infections in human pathology. Most of them occur in immunocompromised and immunouppressed patients, or in persons with different risk factors, like HIV infection, cancer, transplant of marrow or other transplanted patients, and so on. The fungal superficial infections can cause discomfort and in some conditions can produce disseminated systemic infections. In the conditions of third world developing countries, the lack of industrial medication, and poor sanitation and lack of enough funds for buying modern medicines, the plants can be used as a source of antimicrobial and antifungal medicines. WHO recommends using this important source of medicines and established some guides for this activity.
2011
The aim of the study was to survey the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Dittrichia graveolens essential oil in in vitro conditions. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses were performed to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oil. The antimicrobial activity against different kinds of microorganisms was determined by microbroth dilution assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging system. Studies of chemical composition of essential oil revealed the presence of borneol (38.2%) and bornyl acetate (14.9%) as major constituents. Essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis isolates and Bacillus cereus. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are less sensitive to the oil. The strong antimicrobial activity of oil against clinical isolates of bacteria was demonstrated. In addition, D. graveolens oil notably reduced the concentration of DPPH free radical with higher efficacy than that of t...