Urban cleaning and the National Policy of Solid Solid wastes: impacts on the present and a look towards the future (original) (raw)
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Eco Management: a new way of thinking about urban solid waste management
Contemporary production models do not coincide with the planet's environmental limits. The increasing disposal of municipal waste is an ever present matter in the debates between the industrial sector, the State, and the organized civil society. Inadequate disposal of solid waste (SW) generates intense environmental consequences such as emission of greenhouse gases, odors, and pollution of land and water all which greatly impact people's lives. SW management is a cause for concern around the world and countries increasingly seek sharing activities between local and civil society organizations. Public and private organizations, along with civil society managers, are called to this debate as to contribute to the required transformation, hence building new roads toward models that can accommodate society and state demands. This paper illustrates the challenge in understanding the new concept of Eco Management. This concept signifies the extension of the current perspective, norms and rules of the urban waste scenario and the incorporation of the environmental management concept in a broader way that not only associates rules, standards and laws, but also recognizes that ecological problems in the world cannot be understood in isolation and should be treated as interconnected and interdependent, requiring a new type of ecological behavior for their understanding and solution. Furthermore, this article describes a replicable application of biogas technology where the organic fraction of SW is utilized to produce clean energy for low income individuals in a municipality in the state of Bahia -Brazil. This approach of disposal collaborates in minimizing negative impacts brought by poor SW management to underdeveloped communities and the environment.
Crafting a Theoretical Framework on Waste Management: A Case for Sustainable Cities
International Journal of GEOMATE, 2020
Theory formulation is crucial in search of a genuine panacea on Solid Waste Management Disposal. The study aims to catenate the different theories in Solid Waste Management to be able to re-craft a theoretical framework for Sustainable Cities. A qualitative research method was applied to consolidate and synthesize the fragmented theories on Urban Ecology, Policy Making, Eco-Innovations, Triple-Bottom Line, Waste Management and Sustainability. Formulation of policy and implementation instruments is vital tool to reinvent Waste Management Theory. Wastes disposal is a global phenomenon. As a result of theoretical analysis, urban transformation amidst economic development poses environmental degradation. Progress is inevitable, hence urban transformation occurs. The upward pressure from economic development creates downward pressure on environmental degradation. This condition when exhibited longer than necessary, stagnation proliferates and cities turned into an ecological sacrificial zone. To mitigate, formulation of policy instruments as government sticks must transpire. And at the end of the spectrum, regulations and policies embodied in the implementation instruments based on Waste Management Theory must be supported by ecoinnovations. These innovations inclusive of new ideas, new behavior, processes, and products in sync in a Waste Management Program measured through environmental preservation/restoration, economic resilience, and social wellbeing commonly called as the "Triple bottom-line". Thereafter, the metamorphosis of cities from the ecological sacrifice zone into sustainable cities will transpire.
Analysis of sustainability in solid waste management in the city: the case of Paripiranga, Brazil
Before the Industrial Revolution production systems comprised a cycle in which the waste was produced and absorbed by the environment. With the uncontrolled growth of cities and the increase of the population was a major consequence of the increased production of waste. There was, thus, waste management that aims to manage, in an organized and consistent, both the handling and disposal of such wastes in the environment. This study aimed to develop a method of analysis of urban solid waste management in cities, and the consolidation of the method was taken as case study the issue in the municipality of Paripiranga, State of Bahia. The proposed analysis refers to the dimensions of sustainability, but also from a model SWOT analysis showing strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in waste management in the municipality of Paripiranga. The methodology used was based on research relevant literature, and through field interviews with municipal and popular. The main results show that the waste management Paripiranga is far from being considered an ideal model to the point that people are uninformed and uninterested in the subject. The government only uses the landfill as a model of waste management. Public policies under Participative Master Plan should be put into practice, and several gaps related to popular participation must be completed.
estudos avançados 25 (71), 2011 135 Solid Waste Management in São Paulo: The challenges
2016
Urban sustainability and waste reduction One Of the biggest challenges of modern society is addressing the ex-cessive generation and the environmentally safe disposal of solid waste. The global concern in relation to solid waste, particularly household waste, has increased compared to production growth, inadequate management and lack of disposal areas. The topic has been a priority since the Rio 92 Conference worldwide, both in rich and poorer countries, as it contributes either directly or indirectly to global warming and climate change. Since Rio 92, new priorities have been in-corporated to the sustainable management of solid waste toward a paradigmatic shift that has guided the actions of governments, society and industry. Included in these priorities are the reduction of waste at the generating sources and the reduction of final disposal in the ground; the maximization of reuse, selective collection and recycling, with the socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers and the par...
Sustainability
The depletion of natural resources, the useful life of landfill sites, and the amount of garbage accumulating all challenge public policy to manage urban solid waste. We identified the economic potential for unused solid waste (HSW) in São Paulo in 2018 to be USD 637,633,836.04 through descriptive quantitative research and documentary analysis in the collected data. This amount comes from five sources, with the majority coming from internalizing private cost credits (45.58%), followed by recycling (42.21%), carbon credits (5.46%), refuse-derived fuel (3.77%), and organic compounds (2.98%). This potential assumes the implantation of waste sorting plants that generate jobs, reduce public expenses, and provide environmental benefits such as forest protection, water, and minerals. The environmentally adequate final destination of HSW constitutes an economic and socio-environmental measure that enables the reverse logistics of the business sector and urban sustainability. Consequently, t...
Cities and waste: current and emerging issues
Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 2014
People are migrating from rural to urban areas. In 1950, only 30% of the world's population lived in urban areas; in 2014 that is now 54%; and by it is forecast to become 66% (UN DESA, 2014). The percentages are already around 80% in the Americas, and over 70% in Europe and Oceania, but only 48% in Asia and 40% in Africa, so it is there where the majority of future urban growth is expected. The size of individual cities is also increasing rapidly: there were 10 'megacities' with a population over 10 million in 1990, of which five were in developing countries; there are 28 in 2014, with all but two of the new entrants in developing countries; the forecast for 2030 is 40. The rate of growth of individual cities can be staggering: an example is Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, increasing from less than 4 million in 1990, to 11 million today, and predicted at 20 million by 2030. What does this mean for waste generation? There is a strong correlation between municipal solid waste (MSW) generation per capita and the income level of a country, so, as economies grow in low or middle income countries, we can expect per capita waste levels to increase. Urban MSW arisings are generally higher than rural; hence, it is reasonable to predict that for many cities in Africa and Asia the total quantities of MSW in 2030 will be around double the current levels. So we have chosen to focus this Special Issue of Waste Management & Research on 'Cities and waste'.
2018
This report summarises the most important lessons learned from the research project From waste management to waste prevention. In the research project, researchers from Lund University and the University of Gothenburg, but also Umea University and the Royal Institute of Technology, have studied waste prevention.The aim of the project has been to identify and clarify the difficulties in realising the goals of waste prevention policy. Researchers have approached the project’s purpose through content analysis of waste plans, quantitative and qualitative studies of waste prevention initiatives, criticism of urban planning theory, andthe mapping of obstacles to waste prevention.The project has been conducted in close cooperation with municipalities, municipal waste companies, authorities, social movements and companies. It has been financed by the Research Council Formas (Ref. no. 259-2013-210).
Urban Social Waste and Urban Solid Waste in Brazil: Problems, Consequences and Possible Solutions
2021
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, with a surface area of 8,510,296km 2 , which is distributed among 26 federal states and a federal district. However, due to an extremely unequal income distribution, one of the major social problems that the country still faces is urban segregation, experienced by a large part of its almost 212 million inhabitants, who still find severe problems with housing, public transportation, security, health, employment, education and infrastructure, especially with regard tothe process of collecting and the treatment of waste generated. In the case of solid urban waste (SUW), approximately 190,000tons are produced daily, which implies a per capita production rate of 0.90kg(inhab.day) -1 . Of the total generated, a fraction greater than 90% (w/w) is collected and, of this fraction, a percentage of 25% is still disposed of in open dumps, generating environmental impacts of different magnitudes. In addition, of the quantity of SUW generated in Brazil, about 55% (w/w) corresponds to putrescible organic matter, which could be fully used as an alternative source of energy (methane gas, for example), which normally does not occur. In these terms, Brazil becomes a country with strong social, economic and public health problems, and with regard to basic sanitation, there are still great demands, especially when considering the collection and treatment of the various types of waste generated.
Ten years of the National Solid Waste Policy: an overview of the city of São Paulo (Atena Editora)
Ten years of the National Solid Waste Policy: an overview of the city of São Paulo (Atena Editora), 2022
The present work aims to present the impacts of the ten years of the Law that established the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) in the management of Urban Solid Waste (MSW), using the city of São Paulo as a panorama. The research was divided into three stages: exploratory, descriptive and analytical. Indicators separated into 5 groups were used: 1-Generation; 2-Cost and Financing; 3-Productivity; 4- Recycling and 5-Institutional, the first four quantitative groups, analyzed through tables and graphs prepared with raw data from the National Sanitation Information System - Solid Waste (SNIS-RS) and the last with reference to article 19 of the Law Number: 12,305/2010, compared to the Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (PGIRS) of the city of São Paulo. The municipal plan covers the necessary points addressed in the Law, however, the practice, according to the data analyzed, has been very far from ideal. It is noted that the PNRS Law marks the beginning of a greater visibility and importance to the theme, mainly to the proper disposal, but it is still not very effective in action.