Prevalence of depression amongst adolescents in rural area of South India – a school based cross sectional study (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2019
Background: Depression among adolescents is often undetected because of lack of awareness in mental health. Schools are the best place to study, analyze and report adolescent depression. The objective of this survey is to find out the prevalence of possible depression and associated bio-social risk factors among high school going adolescents aged 15 and 16 years. This can help reform school curriculum based on the prevalence of depression.Methods: A school based cross-sectional study done by randomly selecting 10 classrooms from the 11th standard high school compartment in a private school. Data was collected using a pre-designed and structured questionnaire based on Kutcher’s Adolescent Depression Scale. The results were analyzed using R Studio software with Pearson Chi-square test and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 486 students included in the study, 164(33.7%) have ‘possible depression’ and adolescents aged 16 years(39.5%) has highe...
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2016
Background: Depression is one of the common and ignorant psychiatric problems in adolescents now days. It has profound adverse effect on their physical as well as mental health. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of depression among school going adolescent girls.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 336 school going adolescent girls in Barabanki district from June 2016 to September 2016. Multistage sampling was used to enroll the study subjects. Bio-social parameters such as age, socioeconomic status etc. were assessed by direct interview of adolescent girl as well as its confirmation with school records. Six items KADS (Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale) was used for assessment of depression among adolescent girl.Results: Out of 336 adolescent girls screened 18.7% were found positive for depression. Lower socio-economic status was found as one of the independent predictor of depression. Girls belonging to lower socioeconomic groups (odds ratio ...
Prevalence of depression among school going adolescents in an urban area of Haryana, India
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2015
Background: Depression in adolescents often results in suicide, school drop-out, pregnancy, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, progressing in to adult depression functional disability and significant impairment. Depression in adolescents is an under recognized mental health problem. Methods: Cross-sectional study by using simple screening instrument Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) among school-going adolescents in urban Rohtak (Haryana). All the students of class 9 th & 10 th of 3 government schools were included. The data was collected on a predesigned, pre-tested, semi-structured, schedule by interview technique after obtaining informed consent from the concerned adolescents/principals of schools. Statistical analysis has been done with simple proportions and percentages using SPSS20. Results: A total of 374 adolescents participated in the study. More than half of study subjects were found to have scores corresponding to some degree of depression and nearly one in seven was suffering from moderate to severe depression. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for screening for depressive symptomatology and identifying adolescents who need further intervention.
2014
About 8% of children and adolescents suffer from depression and 11% of adolescents have a depressive disorder by the age of 18 years according to the National Co-morbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement. This study has been conducted to estimate the prevalence of depression among adolescents studying in public schools in Noida in order to find out a relationship if any with different socioeconomic and demographic factors. Cross-sectional study using simple screening instruments along with anthropometric measurements for detecting symptoms of depression in adolescents, two psychological instruments i.e. PRIME-MD PHQ-9 and perceived stress scale were used. Information on socio-demographic factors, activities undertaken to avoid depression and methods to relieve depression were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done with Chi-square test using SPSS 17. Prevalence of depression was observed to be 38% among the study subjects in the age groups of 16 and 18 years. Males (35%) were found less depressed as compared to the females (41.8%). Association of frequency of going out for outing, extracurricular activities and type of activities and depression were statistically significant. Highest prevalence of depression was seen in obese (48.7%) study subjects. A statistically significant association was found between BMI and depression (P<0.003). Majority of study subjects (36.6%) had consulted their parents, while 33% of study subjects had consulted their friends. Majority of study subjects (64.4%) listen to music to relieve depression which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The study highlights the common but ignored problem of depression in adolescence. The teachers and parents should be made aware of this problem with the help of school counselors so that the depressed adolescent can be identified early and helped rather than suffer silently.
Background: Adolescence is defined as the phase of development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Presently in India, 243 million populations are staring at the crossroads of transition from childhood to adulthood. Physical, emotional, and social issues unique to this age group make them vulnerable to various mental problems. So, we conducted this study to quantify the current burden of depression in adolescents and its possible causes. Materials and methods: The present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the middle and late adolescent participants aged 14-19 years from 52 sections (clusters) of 9th to 12th classes comprising a total of 1412 students with a multistage cluster sampling method. In total four sections (clusters), and one participant of class 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th were chosen from 13 preselected schools. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, screen time, physical activity, etc., and the DASS-42 scale was used to determine the prevalence of depression. Results: We found that the prevalence of depression in our study participants was around 39%. It was classified as 16.9%, 16.7%, 5.1%, and 0.5% participants respectively having mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe depression. Mother's education was a statistically significant determinant for depression among these adolescents. Conclusion: The study concludes that the prevalence of depression (including mild, moderate, severe, or very severe) among school-going adolescents is 39%. We hereby recommend that a holistic approach should be followed involving parents and teachers with the help of school counselors to tackle and curb this problem.
Prevalence of depression among school-going adolescents in an Urban Area of Bihar, India
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
Introduction: Depression is one of the under-recognized health problems in adolescents. Emotional instability resulted from childhood to adulthood transition makes adolescents vulnerable to depression. Aims: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of depression and its associated sociodemographic factors among school-going adolescents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from January 2016 to June 2016 in adolescents studying in 9-12 th standard from forty schools located in an urban area of Patna, Bihar. The self-administered questionnaire of Beck's Depression Inventory II was utilized to assess the prevalence of depression. Statistical analysis was done with Pearson's Chi-square test using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Among the 1412 selected students, the prevalence of depression was found to be 49.2%, wherein the prevalence of severe depression was 7.7%. The overall prevalence of depression was significantly (P < 0.001) higher among girls (55.1%) than boys (45.8%). The prevalence of depression was found to be higher among students belonging to minorities (Buddhism, Jainism, etc.) (63.3%, P < 0.001). Elder students were found to be more depressed than younger students. Depression was found to be statistically significantly associated with gender and religion (P < 0.005). Guilty feeling (69.48%) was one of the most prominent clinical factors associated with depression followed by pessimism (58.14%), sadness (56.52%), and past failure (55.81%). Conclusions: Mental health is one of the most neglected aspects of our society. There is a need to increase awareness about depression among teachers and parents to identify and help depressed adolescents in the school.
Prevalence of Depression amongst Higher Secondary School Adolescents in Bhopal Madhya Pradesh
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2016
Context: Depression in adolescents is an under recognized mental health problem. It can results into suicide, school drop-out, pregnancy, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, progress in to adult depression, functional disability and significant impairment. Objectives: To find out prevalence of depression and to study the associated risk factors. Settings and Design: A Cross-sectional study was carried out in a higher secondary school in Lady Bhore (Urban Health Centre) catchment area of Bhopal. Methods and Material: The study was started after taking permission from head of the department and from principle of the school. Students were briefed about the study and verbal consent was obtained from every student. Data was collected by standard tool- BDI and some self-generated questionnaire. Results: A total of 136 students were included in the study. 60 (44.1%) of study participants were found to have scores corresponding to mild degree of depression and 33(24.3%) were suffering from moderate depression whereas 3% were suffering from severe depression. Conclusions: This study highlights the common but ignored problem of depression in adolescence. We recommend that teachers and parents should be made aware of this problem with the help of school counsellors so that the depressed adolescent can be identified and helped rather than suffer silently.
Introduction: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder that appears in adolescents. It has an adverse effect on physical as well as mental health. Many adolescents remain undiagnosed due to no accessibility to clinics. Objectives: To study demographic factors and their association with depression among adolescents of rural Maharashtra. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 300 students (30 of either sex from 8 th to 12 th class). 6 item KADS (Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale), BG Prasad's modified socioeconomic scale and demographic data were collected from volunteers. Results: 6.66% of students were screened positive for depression by the scale. No statistical difference was found in number of students with depression with respect to sex, class and socioeconomic status. However the residence and type of family showed significant difference in number students of depression. Conclusion: the KADS is a good screening tool for depression and should be implemented for adolescents studying in rural areas for prevention and early treatment of depression.
Depression among Adolescent Students in a Rural Block of Haryana: A Cross Sectional Study
International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine
Background: Depression among adolescent is an area of increasing concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents in government and private schools in a rural area of block Beri of Haryana. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a sample size of 600 students (300 males and 300 females) studying in class 8 th to 12 th. A pre designed, pre tested tool SCL 90 R containing 90 items was used to screen depression in these students. Depression is one of the psychiatric morbidity screened by this tool. Cut off point of estimated raw score of 1 was used to label as depression. All the statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 20. Results: The overall prevalence of depression was found to be 39.1% with mild depression to be 33.1% and moderate to severe depression to be 6%. Depression was significantly more among female students (45%) than male students (33.3%). Overall prevalence of depression significantly increased with age. It was found to be 34.3% among 13-14 years age-group, 41% among 15-16 years age-group and 57.1% among 17-19 years age-group. The association of depression with other socio demographic profile like socio economic status, literacy level of mother and father, employment status of mother was found to be non-significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that more than one-third (39%) of school adolescents suffered from depression. Reasons for such high prevalence of depression need to be determined. At the same time teachers and parents should be made aware of this problem and appropriate counselling of students should be done through regular school-based screening programme.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression in School-Going Adolescents of India
Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health, 2017
Background: Depression in adolescents constitutes a global public health concern. However, data on its prevalence and associated factors are limited in low income countries like Uganda. Methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive study design, 519 adolescent students in 4 secondary schools in Mukono district, Uganda, were randomly selected after meeting study criteria. The 4 school types were: boarding mixed (boys and girls) school; day mixed school; girls' only boarding school; and, boys' only boarding school. The 519 participants filled out standardized questionnaires regarding their socio-demographic characteristics and health history. They were then screened for depression using the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) and those with a cutoff of 19 were administered the Mini International Neuro-Psychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents 2.0 (MINI-KID), to ascertain the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM IV) diagnostic types of depression and any co morbidity. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with significant depression symptoms (a score of 19 or more on the CDI). Results: There were 301 (58 %) boys and 218 (42 %) girls with age range 14-16 years and a mean age of 16 years (SD 2.18). Of 519 participants screened with the CDI, 109 (21 %) had significant depression symptoms. Of the 109 participants with significant depression symptoms, only 74 were evaluated with the MINI-KID and of these, 8 (11 %) met criteria for major depression and 6 (8 %) met criteria for dysthymia. Therefore, among participants that were assessed with both the CDI and the MINI-KID (n = 484), the prevalence of depressive disorders was 2.9 %. In this sample, 15 (3.1 %) reported current suicidal ideation. In the logistic regression analyses, significant depression symptoms were associated with single-sex schools, loss of parents and alcohol consumption. Limitations: This is a cross-sectional study therefore, causal relationships are difficult to establish. Limited resources and the lack of collateral information precluded the assessment of a number of potential factors that could be associated with adolescent depression. The MINI-KID was administered to only 74 out of 109 students who scored ≥19 on the CDI since 35 students could not be traced again due to limited resources at the time. Conclusions: Significant depression symptoms are prevalent among school-going adolescents and may progress to full-blown depressive disorders. Culturally sensitive psychological interventions to prevent and treat depression among school-going adolescents are urgently needed.