PAKISTAN STUDIES (PAK301 (original) (raw)
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The Ideology of Pakistan -Revisited
Journal of Social Sciences, 2020
The creation of Pakistan is justified and criticised enormously in the literature on South Asia. Opposition to the idea continues but in different contours and has wreaked the minds of younger generation in Pakistan. Justification of the idea also needs to come up with the same vigour but with arguments appropriate to the time and place. The demand for Pakistan can be explained as the result of differences primarily political between the two communities and political parties. These differences neither could be dissolved nor arbitrated but assent and elevated to the emergence of new political thinking or ideology among the Indians in Indo-Pak Subcontinent in the first half of the 20 th century. At a certain stage advocates of the idea mobilized people and transformed into a coherent political movement for the division of India and creation of Pakistan. Both Hindus and Muslims and their main political representatives; Congress and Muslim League provided enough reasons to formulate this ideology .
Ideology is a combination two Greek words ideo-logy. Ideo means idea logy means study in simple study of ideas called Ideology or "Science of ideas," originally "philosophy of the mind which derives knowledge from the senses" or "study or science of ideas," and further 1. A body of ideas that reflects the beliefs and interests of a nation, political system, etc and underlies political action 2. Philosophy, social the set of beliefs by which a group or society orders reality so as to render it intelligible 3. Speculation that is imaginary or visionary 4. The study of the nature and origin of ideas.
Islam and National Identity: The Case of Pakistan and Bangla Desh
International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1981
Indian Muslims have always been keenly aware of the differences between their own communal group and the Hindus on the one hand, and between themselves and the Christian foreigners on the other. This awareness of a separate Muslim identity was much stronger at the level of the elite, however, than at the level of the masses. At times, these feelings erupted into calls for jihad against the British, for example, the Wahabi and Fraizia movements. They also manifested themselves in the creation of religious schools, like Deoband, to preserve the Muslim way of life. Finally they emerged as the reformist Aligarh Movement to promote modern education, reinterpret the teachings of Islam, and secure the rights of Muslims as a minority community. In the early twentieth century, various attempts were made to forge a united front with the Hindus for an India independent of Great Britain. These attempts met with repeated failure.
Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077), 2014
The issue of incorporation of Islamic provisions in the constitutional, legal, economic, socio-political order as well as policy structures of the Government of Pakistan emerged on the policy agenda in the last years of Pakistan movement and immediately after independence. This issue, commonly known as ‘Islamization’, however, remained a hotly debated topic. Undoubtedly, Islam, as a way of life and the embodiment of universal human values of social justice, tolerance, and equity was the most motivating and inspiring factor in the struggle for creation of Pakistan. It was believed that the enormity of the task of re-construction of Islamic thought notwithstanding, it would not be beyond the resources of Pakistan to convert itself into model Islamic welfare state, where all citizens, irrespective of their caste, colour, language or creed, would live in an atmosphere of tolerance and harmony. It was unfortunate that Pakistan, despite the lapse of 67 years, could not promote an enlighte...
IDEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF MUSLIM NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY
The term “Nationalism” can be redefined within the scope of Post-colonial discourse and often lookedto be different in meaning for the readers. It requires a deep and intensive observation of the historical facts which contributed a great deal tracing origin and gauging development of the notion of ‘nationalism’ in South Asia. Nationalism in its simplest means is the similarity in culture, politics, religion, economic endeavoursand social norms of the inhabitants of a region. The democratic era commenced in Europe with its marvellousphilosophy. European enlightenment and emancipation passed through many phases. As far as Muslim Nationalism is concerned, especially in colonial setting, it is evolution of centuries old phenomenon based on Two-Nation Theory which isnot the product of one day. Research paper in hand throws light on the very evolution of the ideological dimensions of Muslim Nationalism resulting into the form of democracy which has ultimately been evolved in today’s socio-political framework
Pakistan: Creation and Genesis
The Muslim World, 2006
he emergence of Pakistan towards the middle of the twentieth century was an historic event. Those who participated in the Pakistan movement, or sympathized with the idea of a distinct Muslim identity and the need to protect and preserve it, would assert that Pakistan was the 'product' of the circumstances and a response to the aspirations of the Muslim population of the Subcontinent. However, those who either stood for a united India or did not see the need for a separate state for Muslims for the protection of their identity or promotion of their values viewed its creation as "temporary madness" and an "aberration" of history. In this article I examine the circumstances that led to the demand for a separate state for Muslims. We will also consider questions about the Pakistan movement, such as: Why, after all, were Muslims agitating? What made them call for a "different constitutional arrangement"? Were there not chances of reconciliation between the leaderships of the Hindu and Muslim populations, or, more truly, was it because the leaders of the two major communities could not reconcile with each other? We will also explore questions that have been raised about the nature and objectives of this state: Was Pakistan to be a state for Muslims, or an "Islamic state"? Did Jinnah wish for a theocracy or a democracy? What did the founding fathers of this new state think of relations with the Muslim and non-Muslim world, especially India? And, very briefly, is antagonism between India and Pakistan to last forever, or is it only a "temporary madness" and "frenzied reaction" to the creation of Pakistan that has bedeviled relations between the two countries? In order to understand the circumstances that led to the demand for and ultimate creation of Pakistan, it is useful to determine the views of the leaders of the Muslim people who faced these circumstances, analyzed them, and shaped them to define the destiny of their people. Among these luminaries, three are most prominent: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, founder of the Aligarh University, who examined the causes of Muslim unrest in 1857 and championed