Ultra-endurance exercise induces stress and inflammation and affects circulating hematopoietic progenitor cell function (original) (raw)
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Supramaximal exercise mobilizes hematopoietic progenitors and reticulocytes in athletes
AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2005
Marathon runners show increased circulating CD34+ cell counts and postexercise release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and flt3-ligand (Bonsignore MR, Morici G, Santoro A, Pegano M, Cascio L, Bonnano A, Abate P, Mirabella F, Profita M, Insalaco G, Gioia M, Vignola AM, Majolino I, Testa U, and Hogg JC. J Appl Physiol 93: 1691–1697, 2002). In the present study we hypothesized that supramaximal (“all-out”) exercise may acutely affect circulating progenitors and reticulocytes and investigated possible mechanisms involved. Progenitor release was measured by flow cytometry ( n = 20) and clonogenic assays ( n = 6) in 20 young competitive rowers (13 M, 7 F, age ± SD: 17.1 ± 2.1 yr, peak O2 consumption: 56.5 ± 11.4 ml·min−1·kg−1) at rest and shortly after 1,000 m “all-out.” Release of reticulocytes, cortisol, muscle enzymes, neutrophil elastase, and several cytokines/growth factors was measured. Supramaximal exercise doubled circulating CD34+ cells (res...
International journal of sports medicine, 2017
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hematological and inflammatory responses to 4 maximal high-intensity protocols, considering energy expenditure in each test. 9 healthy volunteers performed 4 high-intensity exercise tests of short [Wingate (WANT); Repeated-sprints (RSA)] and long durations [Continuous VO2 test (VCONT); intermittent VO2 test (VINT)] in a cycle-ergometer, until exhaustion. Hematological parameters and IL-6, IL-10 and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined before (PRE), POST, 30 min, 1, 2, 12 and 24 h after the end of the protocols. Additionally, energy expenditure was determined. Leucocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes increased at POST and returned to PRE values at 30 min for all protocols. Lymphocytes had a second decreased at 2 h and granulocytes increased at 2 h when compared to PRE. Both variables returned to PRE values between 12-24 h into recovery. The magnitude of response for IL-6 was greater in VINT and for IL-10 in VCONT. There was no a...
Immune response to changes in training intensity and duration in male athletes
scholarsresearchlibrary.com
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of exercise at 85% VO2max (30min) with prolonged exercise at a lower work rate (60% VO2max for up to1.5 h) on blood leukocyte count and the percent blood leukocyte subsets in young men athletes. Fifteen athlete male university students (mean ± SD age 22.3±2.6 yr, weight 65.5±5.72 Kg and height 174.2±3.64 cm) participated in this study. After physical examinations, subjects performed Running on an electrically treadmill at 85% VO2max (30 min). On another occasion, separated by at least one week, subjects performed exercise on the same treadmill at 60% VO2max for 1.5 hour. Blood samples were collected from a peripheral arm vein before and immediately after exercise sessions, and served for determination of total and differential leukocyte counts. The acquired data were analyzed by MedCalc software and using t-tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Both exercise bouts caused significant (p<0.05) elevations of the blood leukocyte count. Mean blood leukocyte count were increased from 6.4±0.79 to10.26±3.3 and 6.32±0.75 to 9.85±2 (×10 6 /ml) after exercise at the 60% VO2max (1.5 h) and 85% VO2max (30min) respectively. After exercise at the lower work rate for a longer duration, blood monocytes (1.25%) and neutrophil percent (11%) were significantly higher and blood lymphocytes (11.75%) were significantly lower than those observed at 80% VO2max. However, No significant differences were observed in the blood monocytes percent after the both exercise bouts (p<0.05). The results showed that when exercise is very prolonged, the diminution of innate immune function is greater, than or at least as great as that observed after fatiguing exercise at higher work rates. The sum of acute responses observed in this study may exert a protective effect against sickness and may be used to improve health and lifespan in athletes.
Effects of three different types of exercise on blood leukocyte count during and following exercise
Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 2003
CONTEXT: High-intensity exercise causes tissue damage, production of stress hormones, and alterations in the function and quantity of various immune cells. Many clinical-physical stressors such as surgery, trauma, burns and sepsis induce a pattern of hormonal and immunological response similar to that of exercise. It has thus been suggested that heavy exercise might be used to cause graded and well-defined amounts of muscle trauma, thereby serving as an experimental model for inflammation and sepsis. OBJECTIVE: In order to explore whether some form of strenuous exercise might provide an useful model for the inflammatory process, we studied the effects of three different exercise protocols on blood leukocyte count during and following exercise. DESIGN: Four different experimental conditions, using a randomized-block design. SETTING: Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Eight healthy and moderately fit males. PROCEDURES: Par...
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2000
Background: Exercise in humans augments the mobilization of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34 q ) from the bone marrow. We investigated the effect of inflammation on erythroid marrow activity by mobilization of erythroid progenitor cells (EPs) along with soluble markers of erythropoiesis. Methods: Ten healthy athletes who participated in an ultradistance foot race participated in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, before (phase I), at the end (phase II), and at 48 h post-race (phase III). EPs were detected as burst colony forming units (BFU-e) and colonies were scored at day 14. Markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, interleukin-6, ferritin and S100B) and bone marrow activity (erythropoietin, soluble transferrin receptor and lipocalin-2) were assessed. Results: An approximately three-fold decrease in BFU-e number was observed at phase II. sTfR concentrations were also decreased at phase II and remained decreased at phase III. However, EPO and lipocalin-2 concentrations reached a maximum value at phase II, with a tendency to decrease at phase III. Conclusions: These findings indicate that exercise-induced inflammation modulates bone marrow homeostasis leading to an increase in leukocyte turnover and a decrease in erythroid compartment. It appears that lipocalin-2 is the main factor that regulates the production and mobilization of EPs.
High Intensity Exercise: A Cause of Lymphocyte Apoptosis?
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1998
Exercise induced leucocytosis is well documented, Post exercise lymphocytopenia is well documented with neutrophil concentration increasing during exerand attributed to egress of lymphocytes from the vascucise and continuing to increase after exercise (4). Lymlar compartment. Recent studies have reported exerphocytosis also occurs during exercise with recruitment cise induced DNA damage in leukocytes and have quesof T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer (NK) cells, and a tioned a possible link to apoptosis. Eleven subjects unproportionately greater increase in B than T cells (5). derwent a ramped treadmill test to exhaustion. Venous After intense exercise lymphocytopenia occurs, the blood samples were taken before, immediately post exmagnitude and duration of which is also dependent ercise, and 24 and 48 hours after exercise. Single cell upon the duration and intensity of the exercise. Not gel electrophoresis revealed evidence of single strand only do lymphocyte counts fall, but exhaustive exercise DNA damage in 10% of lymphocytes immediately after has been shown to reduce lymphocyte function, and exercise, but not at other times. Fluorescent microsmitogen stimulated lymphocyte proliferation by 50% copy showed three patterns of DNA distribution, simi-(6). Lymphocytopenia has been attributed to a cortisol lar to those seen in apoptosis, at all times after exercise.
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica ... [et al.], 2014
The effect of an adventure sprint race (ASR) on T-cell proliferation, leukocyte count and muscle damage was evaluated. Seven young male runners completed an ASR in the region of Serra do Espinhaço, Brazil. The race induced a strong leukocytosis (6.22±2.04×10(3) cells/mm3 before vs 14.81±3.53×10(3) cells/mm3 after the race), marked by a significant increase of neutrophils and monocytes (P<0.05), but not total lymphocytes, CD3+ CD4+ or CD3+ CD8+ cells. However, the T-cell proliferative response to mitogenic stimulation was increased (P=0.025) after the race, which contradicted our hypothesis that ASR, as a high-demand competition, would inhibit T-cell proliferation. A positive correlation (P=0.03, r=0.79) was observed between the proliferative response of lymphocytes after the race and the time to complete the race, suggesting that the proliferative response was dependent on exercise intensity. Muscle damage was evident after the race by increased serum levels of aspartate amino tr...
2012
Objectives: In this study for surveying the relation between exercise and immune cell, we examine the effect of Effect of 8 weeks endurance training on immune system cell changes with recovery period. Study design: Experimental study Methods: participant of this research including health and yang males that were randomized divided into two groups :( ETG) endurance training groups with 15 men; and (CG) 13 men in to control group. Different factor of anthropometric characteristics (i.e. age, weight & height) and also white blood cell (i.e. lymphocyte, neutrophils, monocytes) were experimented. In this study, subjects, runs on a treadmill for 15-30 min at 50 % - 70% maximal Heart rate for 8 weeks, with Venous blood sample was taken at pre, post and at 24- hours and 48-hours after exercise. For data analyze, we used of one -way using repeated-measurements ANOVA, in SPSS12. And also Significance was evaluated as P < 0.05.In addition, all values are expressed as mean ± standard deviati...
International Journal of Human Sciences, 2013
This study was performed to determine stress hormone levels and association with immune parameters. Eleven elite basketball players (who mean age of 21.45±1.63 years) and ten elite cyclists (who mean age of 20.00±1.49 years) volunteered for study. Peripheral venous blood samples were drawn at rest during the pre-competition period. Total erythrocyte, leukocyte numbers, Hb and Hematocrit were performed with coulter hematology analyzer. Determination of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD19 + , CD45 +) was performed by flowcytometry. Growth hormone and cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay kits. Significance of changes in leukocyte subsets and stress hormones were analysed by using Mann Whitney U test. Assosiations between cell counts and hormone levels were analysed by using Spearman's correlation analysis. In professional basketball players Hb and Hct values were higher than the cyclists. Total leukocyte number and granulocyte rate were high in the basketball players and lymphocyte and monocyte rate were high in the cyclists. Growth hormone and cortisol levels were high in the cyclists. CD4 + Thelper/inducer cell numbers were significantly high in the basketball players although CD19 + B cells numbers were high in the cyclists. There were no significant differences in CD3 + total T cells numbers in two groups.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Purpose To examine the acute effects of concurrent muscle power and sport-specific endurance exercises order on immunological stress responses, muscular-fitness, and rating-of-perceived-exertion (RPE) in highly trained youth male judo athletes. Methods Twenty male participants randomly performed two concurrent training (CT) sessions; power-endurance and endurance-power. Measures of immune response (e.g., white blood cells), muscular-fitness (i.e., counter-movement-jump [CMJ]), RPE, blood-lactate, and -glucose were taken at different time-point (i.e., pre, mid, post, and post6h). Results There were significant time*order interactions for white blood cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index. Power-endurance resulted in significantly larger pre-to-post increases in white blood cells and lymphocytes while endurance-power resulted in significantly larger pre-to-post increases in the granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio and systemic-inflammat...