Physiological enhancements for alleviation of salt stress in wheat (original) (raw)
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Priming-induced antioxidative responses in two wheat cultivars under saline stress
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2015
Wheat, a glycophyte grown in tropical and subtropical regions, is frequently being subjected to soil salinity ultimately affecting the plant growth and yield. Focus of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative efficiency of different seed priming methods including hydropriming and halopriming [KCl and CaCl 2 (100 mM)] by observing change in the expression of antioxidant defense system and accumulation of phenolic as well as proline in the spring wheat Lu26s (salt tolerant) and Lasani-06 (salt sensitive), grown under salt stress of 100 mM NaCl. Results showed that salt stress provoked a marked decline in germination, growth and yield parameters as well as increased lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) contents. However, higher accumulation of proline and low H 2 O 2 contents were recorded in both cultivars under halopriming followed by hydropriming. Halopriming induced a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, APX) of salt-tolerant cultivar Lu26s, whereas such pattern of enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes in cultivar Lasani-06 was also found but the content of these activities was less than control under saline regime. The cultivar Lu26s (salt tolerant) maintained lower Na ? and higher K ? /Na ? ratio in leaves than salt-sensitive cultivar Lasani-06. Reason behind the loss of grain yield under salinity was found due to the reduction in the grain spike-1 in cultivar Lasani-06, while, in cultivar Lu26s, it was due to decrease in the size of grains. Enhanced germination, low proline and Na ? contents stimulated antioxidant activities as well as phenolic contents associated with improved salt tolerance in haloprimed plants. These results suggest that halopriming is an efficient approach for imparting tolerance in wheat against salinity stress.
Enhancing Germination and Seedling Growth in Salt Stressed Maize Lines through Chemical Priming
Maǧallaẗ al-baṣraẗ al-ʻulūm al-zirāʻiyyaẗ, 2023
This study aimed to investigate the tolerance level and the use of primers (H2O, KNO3, ascorbic acid and salicylic acid), in mitigating stress in maize in the newly released cultivars (SWAN-LSR-Y, BR9928-OMR-SR-Y and OMR-LSR-SY). Activities of SOD, APX, CAT and GSH and lipid peroxidation were investigated, to measure the biochemical response of the primed maize seeds. Maize seeds primed with KNO3 and ascorbic acid improved germination and anti-oxidative potential against ROS in ameliorating the salinity stress, while salicylic acid slowed germination. The same trend was followed in the seed vigour index and radicle length of seeds primed with ascorbic acid, which recorded the highest values. The control was observed to have the highest seed vigour index, while seeds primed with salicylic acid showed the least vigour index in the maize seeds. Increased salinity stress showed adverse effects on all growth parameters. Of the maize cultivars tested, SWAN-LSR-Y showed the most tolerance to salinity stress, in terms of germination. Significant high enzymatic activities and lipid peroxidation were recorded in seeds primed with ascorbic acid and KNO3 show their importance in plant metabolic activities.
Indian Journal of Ecology, 2021
The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of exogenous application for hydrogen peroxide during soaking of seeds on tolerance of salt stress for wheat plant cultivar Ebba-99. The soaking of seeds with H O was carried out at 1.5 mmol concentration in addition to 2 2 distilled water (control) for 6 hours and the seeds were sown in pots contain on mixture river sand and peat. The seedling was exposed after two weeks from date of germination for induced salt stress with NaCl at different concentrations (50, 100, 150 mmol) for 8 weeks. The salt stress led to significant decrease in shoot height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, relative water content and significant increase activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 150 mmol concentration, while increase was observed in activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) at 50 mmol concentration. The salt stress caused significant decrease in concentration of ascorbic acid but with no difference in concentration of glutathione and carotene. Salt stress caused significant increase in concentration of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increase of electrolyte leakage. The pretreatment of seeds with H O led to improvement in some of growth parameters (leaf area and fresh weight) and 2 2 improvement in enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, SOD, APX) and also in enhancement of non-enzymatic antioxidants(carotene, glutathione, ascorbic acid) levels and reduction in MDA content and electrolyte leakage.
Induction of Salt Stress Tolerance in Wheat Seeds by Parental Treatment with Salicylic Acid
Plants, 2024
Soil salinization is an important factor that limits crop production. The effects of spraying salicylic acid (SA) during the grain-filling stage on the salt tolerance of progeny seeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated in this study. The results showed that spraying SA during the grain-filling stage significantly increased the grain weight and yield of wheat plants. Meanwhile, the seeds from the SA-treated plants showed a higher germination rate, length and dry mass of the coleoptile and radicle, and a lower mean germination time compared to the seeds of water-treated plants under the salt germination condition, indicating that SA pretreatment during the grain-filling stage could effectively improve the salt tolerance of progeny seeds in wheat. SA pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and the respiration rate, accompanied by a decrease in starch content, and a higher accumulation in the level of soluble sugars and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the germinated seedlings compared to the water pretreatment under salt stress. In addition, SA pretreatment obviously alleviated the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rate in seedlings by activating antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) under salt stress. Moreover, the seedlings of the SA-treated plants showed lower Na + and higher K + contents compared to the seeds of water-treated plants under salt stress. The results of this study indicate that spraying SA during the grain-filling stage improves the capacity of offspring seeds to maintain osmotic and ion balance and redox homeostasis under salt stress, thereby conferring salt tolerance to the wheat seeds.
2020
In this study the effect of responses of Catharanthus roseus to NaCl stress has been explored. Periwinkle plants were exposed to different concentrations of salt and the effect of treatment on germination, growth parameter and antioxidative defense system investigated. Seeds were presoaked in solutions with different salinity after sterilization. Experimental samples irrigated once every two days with solutions containing given NaCl concentration. Increasing the NaCl concentration to 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM salt reduced germination percentage by 8, 29, 41 and 81 percent respectively. Plant fresh and dry weights of treated plants showed a decrease, compare to the control. Ascorbic acid content increased to 42, 56, 129 and 218 percent when treated by 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM salt, respectively, compared to the control. Glutathione concentration showed a significant (P<0.05) increase at all treatments. NaCl caused to significant decrease of SOD activity. Salinity enhanced the activities ...
Seed Priming: A Shotgun Approach for Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Salinity is a major abiotic constraint to sustainable crop production. Seed priming is a useful tool to enhance the performance of crops on saline soils. A field study was carried out to explore the potential of priming to improve salt tolerance in wheat cultivars MH-97 and SARC-1. Seeds were primed in distilled water (hydropriming) and aqueous solutions containing 50 mg L -1 of salicylic acid (SA), kinetin (Kin), ascorbate and 50 mM calcium chloride (CaCl 2) for 12 h. After priming, seeds were sown in normal (0.31 dS m -1) and saline (10 dS m -1) fields. Seed priming with ascorbate, SA and Kin effectively alleviated the salinity-induced damage in both wheat cultivars; however, ascorbate priming was the most effective. Seed priming with SA, Kin and ascorbate significantly decreased the uptake of Na + and Cl -and enhanced the uptake of K + in leaves of both cultivars under salinity stress. These results suggest that priming with seed priming with ascorbate, SA and Kin are effective s...
Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. …, 2007
Salt stress as a major adverse factor can lower leaf water potential, leading to reduced turgor and some other responses, and ultimately lower crop productivity in arid and semi arid zones. Wheat is one of the main crops occupying a large area in Iran, where salt stress is the most limiting factor. Clearly, plant salt stress tolerance requires the activation of complex metabolic activities including antioxidative pathways, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) and scavenging systems within the cells which can contribute to continued growth under water stress. In the work reported in this paper, the seeds of two local wheat cultivars (Alvand and Sardari) were grown hydroponically. Seedlings were subjected to Hoagland's solution as control, and 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl for 10 days. As a result, SOD (superoxide dismutase) increased in Sardari with the increase of salt stress, while in the case of Alvand, SOD showed constant activity at all salt stress levels. Meanwhile, CAT and GR exhibited the same trends in the two cultivars of wheat in salt stress conditions. Results indicated that in the case of Sardari, the scavenging of ROS by the scavenging system especially by SOD, CAT and GR was done well and damage to membranes or MDA was controlled. But in the case of Alvand, damage to membranes increased with the rise of stress levels. It can be concluded that all three antioxidant enzymes were limiting factors for this cultivar. Also these reasons led to the sensitivity of Alvand to salt stress.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011
Seeds of two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) varieties, cv. Hamedani and Yazdi, were used to investigate the effects of osmo-and hydro-priming on seed germination, growth parameters, biochemical changes and antioxidant enzymes activities under high-level salt concentration (150 mM NaCl) stress. Seeds were primed with water and mannitol (4%) for 12 h at 25 ± 1°C. Ten-day-old seedlings obtained from seeds primed with mannitol (4%) and water showed more growth with respect to root and shoot length in comparison with seedlings obtained from non-primed seeds. The results showed that germination percentage was significantly higher than that of the unprimed seeds after priming. The priming treatment significantly enhanced the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proline content and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and electrolyte leakage under the salt stress condition. The results suggested that osmo-and hydro-priming were effective methods to enhance the ability of salt tolerance and to improve seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa under high salt concentration stress condition. It seems that, these priming methods could be applied in alfalfa production in high saline soils in the future.
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research
It has been demonstrated previously that the physiological and molecular analysis of seedlings of the tolerant (Om Rabia3) and susceptible (Mahmoudi) Tunisian wheat genotypes were different at short and long-term response to salinity. In this study, we examined the antioxidant defence system in seedlings of these two cultivars at short-term response to different NaCl concentrations. The findings showed that high salinity tolerance of cv. Om Rabia3, as manifested by lower decrease in its dry biomass, was associated with lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, lower accumulation of the superoxide (O2⎯) in the roots and the shoots, and also lower decrease in ascorbate content than those in cv. Mahmoudi. Moreover, the expression of some genes coding for antioxidant enzymes such as the catalase, the superoxide dismutase and the peroxidase were enhanced by NaCl stress especially in the salt-tolerant cultivar. In parallel, their activities were increased in response to the s...
Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of salt stress and seed priming on germination performance, growth and physiology of five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces from Jordan namely; Ramtha, Ajloun, Madaba, Tafila and Karak. Results indicated that salinity decreased seed germination, relative water content, membranes stability index, shoot dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity. These effects were more pronounced in Ramtha, Ajloun and Madaba landraces as compared to Karak and Tafila. Significant increase in the accumulation of proline, total soluble sugars, soluble proteins and H2O2 was also observed in response to salinity, although variations existed among ladraces. Based on tolerance indices collected from parameters tested, the five landraces were clustered in two groups; Tafila and Karak landraces formed the first cluster while the second cluster consisted of Ajloun, Madaba and Ramtha landraces. The landraces of cluster 1 were classified, based on similarity and distance indices, as salt tolerant while those of cluster 2 were considered as salt sensitive Priming seeds with 50mM CaCl2 stimulated salt tolerance in all stressed wheat landraces via improving growth, stabilizing cell membranes, enhancing chlorophyll content, promoting the nitrate reductase activity and ROS scavenging activities in addition to up-regulating the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. Results suggested that seed priming with CaCl2can be utilized for enhancing the salt tolerance potential of wheat and could contribute to promoting its cultivation in salt affected soils.