EVALUATION OF HIGH DENSITY PLANTATION ON VIGOR AND YIELD IN KINNOW MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata Blanco) (original) (raw)
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Response of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) to high density planting systems
Scientific Reports, 2021
High density planting system i.e. accommodating a higher number of plants than routine in a given area is an innovative agro-technology to increase yield and thereby early net returns. Due to conventional wide spacing plantation in Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), the land remains unutilized as the plant canopy gradually increases over the years. In the present study, Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) budded on Rangpur lime rootstock was evaluated under six different planting spacings. It was observed that the organic carbon (1.10–1.82%) and major nutrients viz. N (309–430 kg ha−1), P (20–54 kg ha−1) and K (291–810 kg ha−1) increased vis-à-vis plant density and was highest under 2 × 2 m spacing. Plants were tallest at 2 × 2 m spacing with the higher PAR interception (88.2) and the lowest leaf area index (1.09). Fruit yield on area basis, under 2 × 2 m spacing was 26, 7.1, 4.6 times more as compared to conventional plantation during the first, second and third yea...
Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 2019
Due to rapid increase in population and limited available resources, world trend is moving towards high density plantation for proper utilization of land and resources. The present experiment was planned to investigate the effects of pruning on plant yield and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin grown under high density plantation. Plants were pruned by three different ways i.e. i) pruning of one side’s branches, (ii) pruning of both sides’ branches and (iii) pruning of top branches. Overall results revealed that all the pruning treatments were effective but the plants pruned from both sides performed better in terms of improved yield (greater number of fruits and higher total fruit yield per plant) and fruit quality (increased fruit size, higher juice weight, lower peel weight, lower juice TA, greater TSS:TA ratio, and higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidants). Keeping in view the above results, it is concluded that ‘Kinnow’ plants grown under high density plantati...
2011
Field experiments were conducted during 2007-10 at ICAR Sikkim Centre, Tadong between 1 000-1 700 m amsl to identify the suitable grade of fruit for raising nucellar nursery and fresh fruit marketing of Sikkim mandarin. Small and large sized fruits were collected from all the four districts of Sikkim. The highest fruit weight (161.3g/fruit), waste index (1.14), TSS: acid ratio (8.0) and number of healthy seeds/fruit (19.0) along with lowest juice (40.9%) was observed in big sized fruits. Maximum juice (53.2%), minimum waste index (0.68) and number of healthy seeds (7.1) were found in small fruits. Negative correlation between specific gravity and number of healthy seeds/fruit (-0.714) was observed. Waste index of fruits revealed significant positive correlation with healthy seeds/fruit (0.727) and total seed weight (0.721) while negative correlation with fruit shape index, specific gravity and juice %. Big sized fruits possessed high number of good quality seeds/fruit which can be used for nursery. raising as well as for fresh fruit marketing purpose whereas small sized fruits with higher percentage of juice can be recommended for juice preparation.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
Citrus is an important genus of the family Rutaceae in the plant kingdom. Citrus is native to tropical and subtropical region of Southeast Asia particularly, India and China. Citrus occupies about 14.9% of the total land under various fruit crops in India. Currently, citrus is cultivated in an area of 1003 ('000 HA) with total production of 12546 ('000 MT) and average productivity is 10.3 metric tonnes in India (NHB, 2018-19). Kinnow is one of the important fruit crops among citrus species and occupies 54.9% area under citrus. It was developed by H.B. Frost at Citrus Experiment Station, California in 1915 by crossing King (Citrus nobilis) and Willow Leaf (Citrus deliciosa). It was introduced in the year 1949 in Punjab. It is highly prized and economically remunerative fruit. Kinnow is commercially cultivated due to its good yield, high processing quality, fresh consumption aromatic flavour and better adaptation to agro environmental condition of Punjab (Ahmed et al., 2006). Being rich in vitamin-C, a powerful antioxidant, it is considered to be an important part of human nutrition and helps in preventing many serious diseases and scavenges the reactive oxygen species
2001
Nagpur mandarin (Citrtls retiCtl/ala Blanco) is one of the important fruits grown in central India, occupying 40 % of the total area under citrus cultivation. Irrigation and fertilization are impOItant inputs which affect yield and quality of mandarin. One of the reasons for low mandarin yield is the improper irrigation scheduling, which results in wastage of available water and fertilizers. Optimum irrigation scheduling results in better availability and distribution of soil moisture to the plants, and efficient utilization offertilizel's in Nagpur mandarin. In citrus production drip irrigation and fertigation are gaining popularity owing to better water-and feltilizC\'-use efficiency (Shirgure et al. 2000b). Mageed et al. (1988) observed that the consumptive use varied from 66.7 Cm to 132.5 ClU for kinnow mandarin. The highest biomass/plant in kinnow mandarin was obtained when irrigation was scheduled at-0.05 MPa soil water potential and 18 to 19 irrigations were required. The best tree growth in terms oftruuk diameter, plant height, canopy volume, leaf number and shoot growth was obtained at-0.05 MPa soil water potential using 182.4 cm water/ tree/ annum (Ray and Sharma 1990). Autkar et al. (1988) found that the water requirement of Nagpur mandarin increases with age. Ghadekar et al. (1989) estimated the consumptive use of young, middle age and mature Nagpur mandarin trees by modified Penman equation as 651.9,849.0 and 997.3 mm/ year respectively. Shirgure et al. (2000a) concluded that the evapo-transpiration of acid lime in pre-bearing stage varied fr0111 213.6 to 875.6 111m. It was also found that the change in soil-moisture distribution in the root zone of acid lime plants varied from 195.9 to 321.3 mm with different irrigation schedules. Fertigation in citrus results in higher production and good quality of Shamouti oranges (Koo and Smajstrla 1984). Shirgure et al. (1999) reported that increase in plant height, stock girth and canopy volume was more with 100 % N *Short note 'Scientist (Soil and Water Conservation Engineering), 2Scientist Senior. Scale (Soil Science), 3Director
The Productivity and Quality of Citrus Fruits as Influenced by Tree Spacing
In citrus, tree spacing widely affects the yield and quality of the fruit. Due to the diminishing resources and ever increasing cost of agricultural inputs, it is the need of time to use the resources effectively and efficiently. The available land for agriculture and groves decreasing due the many reasons. Keeping in view the scarcity of land and other resources, agricultural scientists have designed various ways to enhance the farm yield by the effective use of available resources. In orchards, tree spacing is used as a tool to increase farm yield and ultimately the farm income. In this manuscript the work done by various scientists related to citrus tree spacing and plant canopy management is summarized, pros and cons of this technique and the scope of high density plantation in Pakistan is discussed in detail.
Table 4. CCS in cane and sugar yield as influenced by. pressmud and N Values in parentheses indicate the sugar yield Note: CCS indicates Commercial Cane Sugar Sugar Yield Sugar yield showed an increasing trend with increasing levels of pressmud and N. Highest sugar production (12.86 t ha") was obtained at 300 kg N ha'l. The increase in sugar yield was due to higher production of sugarcane. Commercial cane sugar (CCS) per cent cane showed decreasing trend with successive increase in N levels (Table 4), ranging between 13.36% at zero level ofN and 13.01% at 300 kg N ha• l. Similar results have been repC'rted by earlier workers (Bangar & Sharma 1991). Rcfcrcnccs
Performance of `Okitsu satsuma mandarin trees on different rootstocks in Northwestern Parana State
SEMINA: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
In the state of Paraná, 'Rangpur lime' is the main citrus rootstock, which has provided good performance for trees of different cultivars planted in the State. However, rootstock diversification is needed as well as to identify the best ones for citrus cultivars less explored commercially yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of 'Okitsu' satsuma mandarin trees (Citrus unshiu Marc.) grafted on nine rootstocks in the Northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The orchard was established in the Paranavaí Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná, Paranavaí, PR, on January 2001. The experimental design was randomized blocks with nine treatments, three replications, and two trees per plot. The rootstocks included in this study were 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osb.), 'Cleópatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka), 'C-13' citrange [Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata orange (L.) Raf.], 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana V. Ten. e Pasq.), 'Carrizo' citrange [C. sinensis × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.], 'Sunki' mandarin (Citrus sunki hort. ex Tanaka), 'Trifoliate' orange [P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. ], 'Swingle' citrumelo [Citrus paradisi Macfad. cv. Duncan × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.], and 'Caipira DAC' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.]. The largest tree canopy was induced by 'Cleópatra' mandarin and the lowest by 'Trifoliate' orange, with 37.1 m 3 and 9.9 m 3 of tree canopy, respectively. The highest relationship between scion and rootstock trunk diameter was observed for trees grafted on 'Swingle' citrumelo. The largest cumulative yields over eight seasons were induced by 'Volkamer' lemon, 'Rangpur' lime, 'Caipira DAC' sweet orange, 'Cleópatra' mandarin, and 'Carrizo' citrange, ranging from 867.3 to 989.6 kg per tree. These rootstocks also induced the largest fruit mass, along with 'Sunki', ranging from 173.3 to 188.0 g. 'Trifoliate' orange induced cumulative yield of only 52.5% in relation to 'Rangpur lime'. 'Rangpur' lime, 'Carrizo' citrange, 'Trifoliate' orange and 'Swingle' citrumelo induced the largest TSS/TTA ratios, ranging from 10.41 to 10.79. For orchard planning, trees on 'Cleópatra' mandarin require the largest tree spacing both in and between rows, while the smallest tree spacing is required for trees on 'Trifoliate' orange. The theoretical yield estimated, according to the appropriate spacing for each rootstock ranged from 95.6 to 152.1 t•ha-1 .