Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of the Silver Nanoparticles Against Pathogenic Candida species (original) (raw)
Related papers
Biogenic silver nanoparticles: efficient and effective antifungal agents
Applied Nanoscience, 2015
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by exploiting various plant materials is an emerging field and considered green nanotechnology as it involves simple, cost effective and ecofriendly procedure. In the present study AgNPs were successfully synthesized using aqueous callus extract of Gymnema sylvestre. The aqueous callus extract treated with 1nM silver nitrate solution resulted in the formation of AgNPs and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the formed AgNPs showed a peak at 437 nm in the UV Visible spectrum. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). FTIR spectra showed the peaks at 3333, 2928, 2361, 1600, 1357 and 1028 cm -1 which revealed the role of different functional groups possibly involved in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. TEM micrograph clearly revealed the size of the AgNPs to be in the range of 3-30 nm with spherical shape and poly-dispersed nature; it is further confirmed by Particle size analysis that the stability of AgNPs is due its high negative Zeta potential (-36.1 mV). XRD pattern revealed the crystal nature of the AgNPs by showing the braggs peaks corresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes of face-centered cubic crystal phase of silver. Selected area electron diffraction pattern showed diffraction rings and confirmed the crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited effective antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida nonalbicans and Candida tropicalis.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2014
Aims: To characterize and explore the potential in extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus oryzae and to investigate the antifungal effect of chemically vs biologically synthesized AgNPs comparing with conventional antifungal drugs against Trichophyton rubrum. Methods and Results: Chemically synthesized AgNPs (Chem-AgNPs) coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were synthesized by chemical reduction method with glucose in PVP aqueous solution. Biologically synthesized AgNPs (Bio-AgNPs) were produced from the extracellular cell-free filtrate of P. chrysogenum MUM 03.22 and A. oryzae MUM 97.19. Among the commercial antifungal drugs, terbinafine exhibited the lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range values of 0Á063-0Á25 lg ml À1 for the clinical strains. Chem-AgNPs exhibited antifungal activity against all T. rubrum strains. Bio-AgNPs produced by the fungal cell-free filtrate of P. chrysogenum showed an antifungal activity higher than fluconazole but less than terbinafine, itraconazole and Chem-AgNPs. Conclusion: The synthesis parameters in future works should be carefully studied to take full advantage of all the potential of filamentous fungi in the synthesis of AgNPs. Significance and Impact of the Study: Bio-AgNPs could be used as antifungal agents, namely against dermatophytes.
Veterinary World, 2023
Background and Aim: Resistance to antifungal agents is a serious public health concern that has not been investigated enough because most studies on antimicrobials are dedicated to antibacterial resistance. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Aloe vera extract, and to assess its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing Ag nitrate with aqueous A. vera extracts. Physicochemical properties of synthesized AgNPs were determined by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, photon cross-correlation spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An antifungal investigation was performed against four clinical C. albicans (C1, C2, C3, and C4) and a reference strain, C. albicans ATCC 10321. Results: Cubic AgNPs with a mean X50 hydrodynamic diameter of 80.31 ± 10.03 nm were successfully synthesized. These AgNPs exhibited maximum absorbance at 429.83 nm, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) confirmed the presence of Ag in AgNPs solution by a characteristic peak in the spectrum at the Ag Kα line of 22.105 keV. Infrared spectra for AgNPs and A. vera extract indicated that the compounds present in the extract play an essential role in the coating/capping of synthesized AgNPs. Different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 10, and 5 μg/mL) of AgNPs were tested. The antifungal activity was shown to be dose-dependent with inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm to 22 mm against C. albicans ATCC 10231, 0 mm to 15 mm against C1, 0 mm to 16 mm against C2 and C3, and 0 mm to 14 mm for C4. Minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 16 μg/mL to 32 μg/mL against clinical C. albicans (C1, C2, C3, and C4) and was 4 μg/mL against C. albicans ATCC 10231. Conclusion: This study showed the ability of A. vera to serve as an efficient reducing agent for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs with excellent antifungal activity.
2021
Olea europaea subsp. europaea and Pistacia lentiscus are well known as natural sources of secondary metabolites promising in various elds. Phenolic compounds from Plant are suitable markers to differentiate varieties related to geographical area. This work aimed to enhance the antimicrobial potential of new green silver nanoparticles AgNPs using for the rst time the mixed leaves extract of Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris and Pistacia lentiscus from natural geographical association and describe their antimicrobial, antibio lm and their effect on virulence factor of Candida. A rapid, simple environmentally approach for biosynthesis of AgNPs by using mixed plant aqueous extract acts both as reducing and capting agents without any solvent or hazardous reagents. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrum and the X-ray crystallography. The AgNPs showed superior antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH, Ferric Antioxidant Reducing Power (FRAP) and the total antioxidant activity. It was most richness with avonoids, tannins, alkaloids and total polyphenols contents compared to plant extract. The new AgNPs possess high bactericidal and fungicidal effects against clinical strains, limit spore's germination of lamentous fungi, announcing high anti-bio lm activity, synergistic effect with the conventional antibiotic's drugs and affecting virulence factors of Candida (Proteinase, Phospholipase and morphogenesis).
BioNanoScience, 2020
Biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) have been recognized to play a major role in the fight against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. The present study evaluates antifungal efficacy of biogenic AgNPs conjugated with a natural polymer chitosan (derived from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shells). Bio-AgNPs used for conjugation were produced by a mycoendophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (KX881911) isolated from the medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.). During the last decade, although numerous reports on Bio-AgNPs with antimicrobial activity have been reported, insights on the usage of conjugates of Bio-AgNPs have been scarce. Candida species are responsible for severe nosocomial infections and which has developed resistance against many antifungal agents. The current study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of Bio-AgNPs conjugated with chitosan (Ch Bio-AgNPs) on various Candida species isolated from patients. The fungicidal activity was screened by well diffusion assay and TTC assay. Antibiofilm activity against Candida species was well elucidated by Congo red agar and Crystal Violet assay. Ch Bio-AgNPs showed the potent antifungal effect at 50 μg/ml concentration on all the selected Candida species, and the disruption and distortion of cells were documented well with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images showed adhesion and entry of Ch Bio-AgNPs into the cells and release of cellular inclusions along with cell damage and distorted cell morphology. To conclude, the study suggests that Ch Bio-AgNP is a potential antifungal agent to treat drug-resistant pathogenic Candida species.
Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2022
Nanoparticles show the multidisciplinary versatile utility and are gaining the prime place in various fields, such as medicine, electronics, pharmaceuticals, electrical designing, cosmetics, food industries, and agriculture, due to their small size and large surface to volume ratio. Biogenic or green synthesis methods are environmentally friendly, economically feasible, rapid, free of organic solvents, and reliable over conventional methods. Plant extracts are of incredible potential in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles owing to their bountiful availability, stabilizing, and reducing ability. In the present study, the aqueous leaf extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng was mixed with 0.5 mM silver nitrate and incubated at 70°C for 1 h and synthesized a good quantity of AgNPs. e synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). e maximum absorption of UV-visible spectra was obtained in the range of 420-430 nm. Furthermore, SEM and TEM results inferred that the size of the particles were 23-62 nm, spherical, crystalline, uniformly distributed, and negatively charged with the zeta potential of −27.6 mV. In addition, the antifungal activities of the AgNPs were evaluated against two phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro using poison food techniques on PDA media. e maximum rate of mycelia inhibition was found in 150 ppm concentration of AgNPs against both phytopathogenic fungi.
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 2019
The present study reports a cost effective and environment friendly technique for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Thymus algeriensis leaf extract as reducing and capping agent. The effects of reactants ratio, contact time, pH and temperature on the synthesis of the Ag nanoparticles were investigated. It was found that the rate of formation of silver nanoparticles enhanced with time at high temperature and alkaline pH. The biogenic AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, showing a typical surface Plasmon resonance at about 430 nm which is specific to AgNPs. XRD and SEM-EDX results reveal that the synthesized nanoparticles have a face centered cubic structure (fcc). TEM images clearly show that the biosynthesized nanoparticles are mostly spherical with an average particle sizes between 10 and 20 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the biomolecules and capping reagents in the T. algeriensis leaf extract that may be responsible for the reduction of silver ions and the stability of the bioreduced nanoparticles. The AgNPs as potential anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents have been studied on gram negative (P. aeruginos and E. coli), gram positive (B. cereus, and S. aureus) pathogenic clinical bacteria and pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans). The results showed that the biologically synthesized AgNPs exhibit interesting anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity with those clinical pathogens.
Microbiological Research, 2016
An attempt was made to synthesis of biocompatible silver nanoparticles from ten different Cassia spp. Among them, Cassia roxburghii aqueous leaf extract supported the synthesis of highly efficient and stable AgNPs. The synthesis of AgNPs was optimized at different physico-chemical condition and highly stable AgNPs were synthesized with 1.0 mL of C. roxburghii leaf extract, pH 7.0, 1.0 mM AgNO 3 and at 37 • C. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by XPS, DLS and ZETA potential. DLS and ZETA potential analysis, the average AgNPs size was 35 nm and the zeta potential was −18.3 mV. The AgNPs exhibit higher antifungal activity when compared with the conventional antifungal drug amphotericin B against all the tested human fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Candida albicans and the plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularia sp. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed distinct structural changes in the cell membranes of C. albicans upon AgNPs treatment. These results suggest that phytosynthesized AgNPs could be used as effective growth inhibitors in controlling various human and plant diseases caused by fungi.
Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 2020
In this study, the antifungal activity of AgNPs was tested against C. tropicalis (pathogen fungi) and S. boulardii (probiotic). The effectiveness of the AgNPs was assessed by comparing their antifungal activity with a triazole antifungal drug fluconazole and amphotericin B. The AgNPs have a polygonal-like shape (average size of 35 ± 15 nm) with 1.2% wt. of metallic silver stabilized with 18.8% wt. of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in 80% wt. of distilled water. The results revealed that 35 μg/mL of fluconazole inhibits 55-60% of both fungal cell growth. As for amphotericin B, 5 μg/mL is sufficient to inhibit more than 95% of both fungal cells. For AgNPs, 25 μg/mL was needed to inhibit 90% of the C. tropicalis cell growth, but remarkably, 50% of the S. boulardii cell population remains viable, which can potentiate cell reproduction. Our results could initiate the development of AgNPs possessing selective specificity against pathogenic fungal species.
Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green approach using Helvella leucopus and to evaluate the antimycotic activity of synthesized AgNPs against fungi causing fungal rot of apple. Methods: During the present study for green synthesis of AgNPs using H. leucopus, equal volumes of both mushroom extract (100 ml) and silver nitrate solution (100 ml) were mixed and incubated at room temperature for the bioreduction process. These synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, these synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antimycotic activity by spore germination method and agar well diffusion assay against different tested fungi. Results: The results revealed that strong plasmon absorbance band was observed at 420 nm which confirms the synthesis of AgNPs using H. leucopus. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical in aggregated form with size ranging from 80 to 100 nm. Furthermore, different concentrations of synthesized AgNPs caused significant inhibition in spore germination and reduction in zone of inhibition of tested fungal pathogens. The highest inhibition in spore germination by AgNPs at highest concentrations was observed against Penicillium chrysogenum followed by Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Similarly, the synthesized AgNPs at highest concentrations showed maximum zone of inhibition against P. chrysogenum followed by A. niger and A. alternata, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that synthesized AgNPs have good potential to be used as antifungal agents against many fungal plant pathogens. The synthesized AgNPs using mushroom fungi also have potential for the development of nanofungicides against fungal pathogens but after proper investigation.