ULTRSONIC BLIND WALKING STICK FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED

An Intelligent Walking Stick for the Blind in Indoor Environment

2020

Blindness has been regarded as one of the worst and incurable types of disabilities among humans across the globe as it hinders mobility of the impaired victims. This calls for the need to adopt new technologies to ease mobility problems among visually impaired victims. It was estimated in the year 2009 that there exists 160 million blind and partially visually impaired people worldwide. This paper focuses on an embedded system adaptive technology to reduce navigation challenges being encountered among visually impaired people using sensorial and communication IT functionalities with an affordable cost as an efficient navigation tool. In this research, an ultrasonic sensor, microcontroller, buzzer, electrolytic capacitor, oscillator, and other hardware components were used to detect obstacles thereby sending vibration notification warning sound to the blind and keep them from hitting or getting to the point of obstructions / accident lying ahead. (

Smart Walking Stick for Visually Impaired Person

In this world everyone is in a race of achieving success, so for the betterment and welfare of blind persons, many gadgets are invented, similarly our paper also describe a gadget which will improve the navigation of the person and will help in walking safely on the roads, by making him aware of the obstacle ahead in his path. And this would help such person to cope up with other. The paper describes a stick which is integrated with ultrasonic sensor and water sensors. The ultrasonic sensors detect obstacle ahead using ultrasonic waves and passes this data to microcontroller. The microcontroller then processes this data and calculates if the obstacle is close enough or not. And if it is close then it aware him via headphone giving him the knowledge of distance. It also senses pot holes filled with water and alerts the user by a different buzzer, making him aware that there is water in his path ahead. And it has the ability of detecting the live wire in the path. The system has one more advanced feature integrated to help the blind find their stick if they forget where they kept it. A wireless RF based remote is used for this purpose. Pressing the remote button sounds a buzzer on the stick which helps the blind person to find their stick. Thus, this system allows for obstacle detection as well as finding stick if misplaced by visually disabled people.

Development of a Low-Cost Obstacle Smart Walking Stick for the Blind

IRJET, 2025

Traditionally, visually impaired persons used a stick to see if there were any impediments in their path. This method is inefficient in many ways, and the person who uses it has to deal with a variety of issues. This research aimed to improve mobility for a blind person by developing an obstacledetecting walking stick with sound play with ultrasonic sensors. Both hardware and software were used in the project. Ultrasonic sensor, buzzers, a vibrator sensor, and a microcontroller make up the hardware, while Arduino Integrated Development Environment (Arduino IDE) was utilised to programme the Arduino uno in the software. The hardware components were housed in a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) casing. The ultrasonic obstacle detector was set to identify objects at a distance of 100 cm or less and sound the buzzer to inform the blind person. The vibrator sensor also vibrates the stick to assist the blind. This stick was used to detect barriers in a room with various objects placed in various positions by blindfolded participants. When comparing the produced ultrasonic walking stick to a standard white cane, the results revealed a 90% reduction in collision rate. This demonstrates that the ultrasonic walking stick is safe for a blind person to use at home.

Smart Walking Stick for Visually Impaired People Using Ultrasonic Sensors and Arduino

—This paper presents the smart walking stick based on ultrasonic sensors and Arduino for visually impaired people. There are approximately 37 million people across the globe who are blind according to the World Health Organization. People with visual disabilities are often dependent on external assistance which can be provided by humans, trained dogs, or special electronic devices as support systems for decision making. Thus, we were motivated to develop a smart white cane to overcome these limitations. We accomplished this goal by adding ultrasonic sensors at specific positions to the cane that provided information about the environment to the user by activating the buzzer sound. We proposed low cost and light weight system designed with microcontroller that processes signal and alerts the visually impaired person over any obstacle, water or dark areas through beeping sounds. The system consists of obstacle and moisture detection sensors for receiving, processing and sending signals to the alarm system which finally alerts the user for prompt action. The system was designed, programmed using C language and tested for accuracy and checked by the visually impaired person. Our device can detect obstacles within the distance of about 2m from the user. Keyword-Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino ATmega328 Microcontroller, Mobility aid, Visually Impaired Person, Alarm system I. INTRODUCTION Visually impaired people are the people who finds it difficult to recognize the smallest detail with healthy eyes. Those who have the visual acuteness of 6/60 or the horizontal range of the visual field with both eyes open have less than or equal to 20 degrees. These people are regarded as blind. A survey by WHO (World Health Organization) carried out in 2011 estimates that in the world, about 1% of the human population is visually impaired (about 70 million people) and amongst them, about 10% are fully blind (about 7 million people) and 90% (about 63 million people) with low vision according to [1]. The main problem with blind people is how to navigate their way to wherever they want to go. Such people need assistance from others with good eyesight. As described by WHO, 10% of the visually impaired have no functional eyesight at all to help them move around without assistance and safely. The figure 1 below is a chart showing the percent of blind people across the globe. This study proposes a new technique for designing a smart stick to help visually impaired people that will provide them navigation. The conventional and archaic navigation aids for persons with visual impairments are the walking cane (also called white cane or stick) and guide dogs which are characterized by a many imperfections. The most critical shortcomings of these aids include: essential skills and training phase, range of motion, and very insignificant information communicated been communicated. Our approach modified this cane with some electronics components and sensors, the electronic aiding devices are designed to solve such issues. The ultrasonic sensors, water sensor, buzzer, and RF transmitter/Receiver are used to record information about the presence of obstacles on the road. Ultrasonic sensor have the capacity to detect any obstacle within the distance range of 2cm-450cm. Therefore whenever there is an obstacle in this range it will alert the user. Water sensor is used to detect if there is water in path of the user. Most blind guidance systems use ultrasound because of its immunity to the environmental noise. With the rapid advances of modern technology both in hardware and software it has become easier to provide intelligent navigation system to the visually impaired.

Intelligent Walking Stick for Blind People Using Arduino

Nowadays the blind and impaired people are suffering a lot because there are so many struggles for blind peoples to reach their destination and also there are dangerous risks that blind persons must face. To avoid uncomfortable walking experience, we have designed a smart electronic walking stick for blind people. Our paper proposes a low-cost walking stick based on latest technology and a new implementation are made for efficient interface for blind people. Basically, the ultrasonic sensor is implemented in the walking stick for detecting the obstacles in front of the blind/impaired persons. If there are any obstacles, it will alert the blind person to avoid that obstacles and the alert in the form of voice module daily in different aspects in order to provide flexible and safe movement for the people. Using this blind stick , a person can walk more confidently. The another LDR sensor are used in the stick to identify the day and night for the blind people. The microcontroller (Arduino Uno R3) to receive the sensor signals and process them to short pulses to the Arduino pins where voice module is connected. This device will be best solution to overcome their difficulties and help them to live the better life.

IRJET- Development of a Low-Cost Obstacle Smart Walking Stick for the Blind

IRJET, 2021

Development of an ultrasonic cane as a navigation aid for the blind people

2014 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT), 2014

The current study deals with the development of an ultrasonic based cane for the navigation of the blind persons. The developed cane is able to detect both aerial and ground obstacles and potholes (drop-off). The ultrasonic signals are acquired in the Arduino microcontroller, classified and control signals are generated. The control signals are transmitted wirelessly to the receiving device, kept in the shoulder pocket. The receiving device consists of another Arduino microcontroller which triggers 3 speaker panel (worn around the chest) and 3 LED panel. The device works in the range of 5-150 cm and may be used as a navigational aid for the blind persons.

Advanced Electronic Walking Stick for Blind

Visually impaired persons find themselves challenging to go out independently. White cane have been used to assist the blind people's navigation. With advancement in technology electronic walking sticks with obstacle detection sensors came for their aid. However a more advanced electronic walking stick is proposed in this paper. The proposed advanced electronic walking stick has ultra-sonic sensors mounted on it. It also uses a GSM and GPS module along with a heartbeat monitoring band. GPS module is also used to determine the location of the blind person and heart beat monitoring band is also used. For short distance obstacle buzzer is used which produce beep sound and for long distance obstacle the distance between the obstacle and the stick is given as an audio output from speaker with the help of raspberry pi. Buttons are used were each button corresponds to different operations such as activate buzzer, produce audio output, scanning of currency note using colour sensor, sending help message to corresponding mobile number with the help of GSM module.

Development of a Technical Device Named GPS Based Walking Stick for the Blind

Rajshahi University Journal of Science & Engineering, 2015

Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Although, white cane is the international symbol of blindness, it could not help them to detect place and to avoid obstacles. In this paper, we represent a model of walking stick for blind people. It consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. Position detection part is done with GPS module and GPS antenna. Ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting obstacles. Here, the buzzer produces two types of sound. When the blind reaches to his destination, buzzer buzzes continuously. When the blind faces any obstacles, buzzer buzzes with interruption. By discovering these two types of sound, blind can be confirmed about his destination and also can avoid obstacles in front of him. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane so that it could ensure safety of the blind.

Development of Obstacle and Pit-Detecting Ultrasonic Walking Stick for the Blind

FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology

This project focused on improving mobility for a blind person by creating an obstacle and pit detecting walking stick using ultrasonic sensors. The project comprised of both hardware and software. The hardware consists of ultrasonic sensors, buzzers and a microcontroller, while the software consists of Arduino Integrated Development Environment (Arduino IDE), which was used to program the microcontroller. A Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) casing was used to house the hardware components. The ultrasonic sensor that detects obstacles was programmed to detect obstacles at a distance of 100 cm or below and causes the buzzer to sound so as to alert the blind person. Another ultrasonic sensor was programmed to identify pit at a depression of 18 cm and above. This stick was tested to detect obstacles by 80 different blindfolded individuals within a room with different objects placed at different positions. Results showed that the percentage reduction of collision rate when comparing the developed...

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