ANALYSIS OF HEAT-SPREADING THERMAL MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES (original) (raw)
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Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack with Liquid Cooling: A Computational Investigation
2023
Phase change materials (PCM) have become a research interest in the area of passive heat dissipation owing to many advantages, such as simple structure, high latent heat, low cost and so on. However, due to their low thermal conductivity, easy leakage, and poor mechanical properties, PCM have limited application, especially in battery thermal management. In this study, a novel flexible composite SBS@PA/EG is successfully prepared by dissolving in an organic solvent and utilized in battery thermal management (BTM) system. Here, styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) as a supporting material, paraffin (PA) as a phase change material and expanded graphite (EG) as a thermal conductivity enhancer. The chemical properties and structure of the composite PCM are analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and thermal conductivity measurements, moreover, the stability is analyzed through measuring the tensile/bending strength. Besides, the relationship between the maximum temperature and temperature difference with state of charge for battery module are analyzed. During the 5 C discharge process, the maximum temperature of the battery module can be maintained below 46 • C and the temperature difference be controlled within 4 • C. Thus, it should be concluded that flexible form-stable composite SBS@PA/EG can be applied well in BTM system and more extensive thermal management systems.
ASME, 2022
Over the past few years, owing to different critical features such as high energy densities, safety, cycle-life etc., Lithium-ion batteries have been used successfully as an energy storage system for automotive applications. In addition, due to recent increase in interests towards developing EVTOL (Electric Vertical TakeOff and Landing) aircrafts, demand for Li-Ion batteries capable of providing high power discharge and charge along with above mentioned features has increased. Thermal Management System (TMS) is a critical component of a Li-Ion battery system that enables sustained high-power peak performance, improves overall life-cycle, and reduces possibility of thermal runaway during regular vehicle operation. The current article studies two different cooling configurations for thermal management of a commercially available 9 A-h Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-ion pouch cell for high Crate conditions. The two configurations are referred to as the
2008
The effectiveness of passive cooling by phase change materials (PCM) is compared with that of active (forced air) cooling. Numerical simulations were performed at different discharge rates, operating temperatures and ambient temperatures of a compact Li-ion battery pack suitable for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) propulsion. The results were also compared with experimental results. The PCM cooling mode uses a micro-composite graphite-PCM matrix surrounding the array of cells, while the active cooling mode uses air blown through the gaps between the cells in the same array. The results show that at stressful conditions, i.e. at high discharge rates and at high operating or ambient temperatures (for example 40-45 • C), air-cooling is not a proper thermal management system to keep the temperature of the cell in the desirable operating range without expending significant fan power. On the other hand, the passive cooling system is able to meet the operating range requirements under these same stressful conditions without the need for additional fan power.
Review of Batteries Thermal Problems and Thermal Management Systems
Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering (JISE), 2017
Electric vehicles, lithium-based batteries that are used in solar energy storage are known from these products. Especially, in electric (EV), hybrid (HEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCEV), battery technology has been an important contributor to reducing toxic gas emissions and using energy efficiently. In this study, we have examined some of the problems with associated solutions for battery heat management and what information is needed for proper design of battery heat management. Later we have examined the types of batteries which are used in electric vehicles and the characteristics of these batteries. We have mentioned about battery thermal management varieties such as air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM), thermoelectric module and heat pipe. Finally, we have provided information on the shape of the battery pack and the thermal management effect of the battery packing.
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF CYLINDRICAL LITHIUM ION BATTERIES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
IRJET, 2022
Lithium-ion batteries are found suitable for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and clean electric vehicles (EVs), and temperature control for lithium batteries is essential for long-term performance and longevity. Unfortunately, battery thermal management (BTM) was not given much attention due to misunderstandings of battery temperature behavior. The design of the battery temperature equity is important. The uniformity of the temperature of the lithium battery pack is critical to the performance and life of the lithium battery system. The uneven distribution of temperature can easily lead to a heat escape from the lithium battery pack, which could pose safety hazards for the electric car. Temperature similarity is usually measured with Maximum Temperature Difference (MTD). This paper aims to design a cooling system for battery packs with good temperature similarity. In this project, two battery temperature control solutions are selected and analyzed: a wavy cooling channel and a U-shaped cooling system is used. The results show that the wavy tube cooling system has a better cooling effect.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2010
In this paper, blocks for the thermal management of Li-ion battery are prepared. The blocks are made of paraffin wax, which is used as a phase change material (PCM), and graphite flakes. The process starts by compacting expanded graphite into the desired modular shapes and then impregnating it into molten paraffin wax. The modular pieces were assembled together, followed by finishing operations to achieve a desired packaging geometry.Thermo-mechanical properties of the produced phase change material–expanded graphite (PCM/EG) composites have been studied. The tests include thermal conductivity, tensile compression and bursting test. The results showed that as mass fraction of paraffin wax increases in the composite material, the thermal conductivity, tensile strength, compression strength, and burst strength were improved while tested at low operating temperatures. In contrast, the results showed reverse behaviors when tested at relatively high operating temperature.
Electric Vehicle Lithium Ion Batteries Thermal Management
TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2014
The lithium ion batteries, thanks to their high densities and high power, became promotes element for hybrid-electric and plug-in electric vehicles. Thermal management of lithium ion battery is important for many reasons, including thermal runaway, performance and maintains a constant temperature during the operating, security, lifecycle. However, in a battery pack, the batteries are stacked against each other without cooling surfaces except the outer surface of the package and the cell in the center of pack are exposed to overheating and thermal runaway. After several recent researches, it has been proved that lithium ion batteries are currently confronts a problem of temperature rise during their operation discharge, which affects the batteries performance, efficiency and reduces the life of lithium ion batteries. However, this work is set to access the three dimensional analytical modeling based on Green's Function technique to study the thermal behavior of lithium ion battery during discharge with different discharge rates (0.3C, C/2, 1C, 2C) and strategies natural convection cooling on the surface of the battery is performed.
Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric Vehicle
IRJET, 2022
Choosing a proper cooling method for a lithiumion (Li-ion) battery pack for electric drive vehicles (EDVs) and making an optimal cooling control strategy to keep the temperature at an optimal range of 15degree C to 35degree C is essential to increasing safety, extending the pack service life, and reducing costs. When choosing a cooling method and developing strategies, trade-offs need to be made among many facets such as costs, complexity, weight, cooling effects, temperature uniformity, and performance. This paper considers two cell-cooling methods: air cooling, direct liquid cooling and compared the results with static cell temperature. To evaluate their effectiveness, these methods are assessed using a typical large capacity Li-ion pouch cell designed for EDVs from the perspective of coolant parasitic power consumption, maximum temperature rise, temperature difference in a cell, and additional weight used for the cooling system. Used a state-of-the-art Li-ion battery electro-chemical thermal model. The results show that under our assumption an air-cooling system consumed more energy to keep the same average temperature. A direct liquid cooling system has the lowest maximum temperature rise.
A Review on Cooling Methods of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles Applications
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2024
The thermal concerns, such as capacity loss, uneven temperature distribution and thermal runaway of the battery packs made of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) used in electric vehicles (EV), limits its applicability, especially in situations of high-power demand. This article analyses the causes of heat generation in lithium-ion battery packs, focusing on their dominance over total heat generation. It discusses the thermal issues arising from heat generation, their root causes, and influencing parameters. Further, it examines the effect of cooling systems on peak battery temperature and temperature uniformity, as well as their design, operating, and performance parameters. The review suggests that, when designing a cooling system, entropic heating should be considered alongside Joule heating during low discharge rates and high temperatures, which are the conditions that prevail when an EV cruises on highways in hot weather. Capacity fade of battery is caused by temperature-dependent factors such as the growth of the SEI layer, rise in separator resistance, and active material loss. Hence an effective battery cooling system should maintain a temperature range of 15°C to 35°C and 'ΔTmax' below 6°C. Out of the reviewed cooling systems, air cooling is found to be simple and cost effective, but inefficient for large battery packs. PCM based cooling technique offers greater temperature uniformity but is sensitive to melting point. Liquid cooling is most efficient but adds cost and complexity. Evaporative cooling can serve as a middle ground between air and liquid cooling with further research to put it into practice. The future research in battery thermal management may focus lowering the energy consumption of the cooling systems by taking into account, the precise cooling needs as per the modes of battery operation.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2021
A battery thermal management system (BTMS) plays a significant role in an electric vehicle (EV)'s battery pack to avoid the adverse effect of extreme heat being generated during application. A heat pipe-based BTMS is regarded as an alternative technique to maintain an optimum working temperature of the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in EVs. In this study, the heat pipe-based BTMS was designed and experimented under high input power. The battery surrogate was sandwiched with Land I-shaped heat pipes, and heated at 30, 40, 50 and 60 W. The heat pipes' condenser sections were cooled by water at 0.0167, 0.0333 and 0.05 kg/s. Findings revealed that the designed heat pipe-based BTMS could give the maximum temperature (T max) below 55 • C, even at the highest input power, and provide the temperature difference (ΔT) below 5 • C. It exhibited capability to transfer more than 92.18% of the heat generated. Controlling the T max and ΔT within the desirable range demonstrates that the heat pipe-based BTMS is viable and effective at higher heat loads.