Analysis and Design of Transmission Tower (original) (raw)
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Analytical Model for Dynamic Tension in Overhead Power Transmission Lines Subject to Strong Wind
Advances in Structural Engineering, 2011
" Dynamic tension in power transmission lines generated by wind-induced vibrations is a critical issue in the design of wind-resistant power transmission towers. Wind-induced vibrations in transmission lines exhibit nonlinear geometric characteristics Using the vibration equation for a continuous cable system, the dynamic tension generated in a transmissioOn line by along-wind loading was decomposed into the two components of static nonlinear effects dependent on the mean wind speed and dynamic linear effects caused by turbulent wind, in the equilibrium plane. The two modes that contribute most to the dynamic tension in a transmission line are the first out-of-plane mode and the first symmetric in-plane mode. This allows the dynamic cable equation to be decoupled, allowing the time- and frequency-domain solutions of the along-wind dynamic tension to be obtained. The effectiveness of this proposed method is demonstrated by a real transmission line and a comparison of the results with a nonlinear finite element analysis."
Wind and Environmental Effect on the Overhead High Voltage Transmission Lines
The present work is an experimental study of the effect of wind on high voltage transmission lines. Two sets of models, representing a pair of tension towers and a pair of suspension towers, were constructed to a suitable scale. The two sets were tested using a delivery wind tunnel. Three different sizes of conductors were tested at three values of wind speed (5, 10 & 15 m/s). Also, the effect of environmental conditions (ice & mud) was studied. Measurements of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the conductors of different phases were recorded. The additional tension of the conductors, due to aerodynamic drag, was measured as well. Useful observations and conclusions are stated.
Sag and Tension of 275 kV Transmission Line using Catenary
International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering, 2019
This research will develop a catenary method to determine the sag and tension analysis on the 275 kV transmission line conductors. The catenary method is dependent on the equation of the weight of the conductor, the maximum tensile stress of the conducting wire, the length of the span, and the maximum sag of the conductor. The method will be used in determining the value of sag and tension with the design of the model using software AutoCAD. The results of research for the same tower sag height of 6.86 m, with a tension of 4610.83 kg and a conductor length of 401.06 m, while sag for the tower is not the same height of 8.14 m, with a tension of 4612.84 kg, and changes in conductor length 401.06 m. The increase in current causes the sag value to increase, when the minimum current sag value is 6.9828 m, and the maximum current sag value increases to 8.44 m. While the tension will decrease along so that temperature is increased the current minimum pressure of 4531.27kg, and at the time of maximum tension of 3749.728kg. Sag and tension are also affected by ambient temperature when the minimum temperature is 20 ℃ sags are 6.8621 m and when the maximum temperature is 40 ℃ sag increases to 7.793492 m. Tension will decrease with each increase in temperature when the minimum temperature is 20 ℃ tension 4610.538 kg when the maximum temperature is 40 ℃ the tension is reduced to 4062.345 kg.
Analysis of Transmission Tower
2020
1PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, EWIT, Bangalore-Karnataka, India 2Asso. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, EWIT, Bangalore-Karnataka, India -------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – In this study, a typical type of transmission line towers (suspension tower) carrying 400kV double circuit conductors are modelled and analyzed using Staad.Pro V8i SS5 considering forces like wind load as per IS 802 (part I/Sec 1):1995, dead load of the structure and earthquake load as per IS 1893(part 1):2015. The height of transmission tower is 50m which includes the ground clearance and base width is 10m. The towers are designed into two wind zones i.e. 2 and 6 and it is located in the seismic region Zones i.e. II and V. K and X bracing systems are considered. From the whole analysis, it is found that X bracing is safer in cost as compare to K bracing. Comparison b...
Load centers get generated electricity from power stations that are usually far; uninterrupted consumption or usage of power has increased in last few years. Transmission system is the system by means of which electricity is transferred from place of generation to the consumers. Overhead wires or conductors are the medium used for transmission of power. These wires are visible to wind, heat and ice. The efficiency of the power system increases if the losses of these overhead wires are minimal. These losses are based on the resistive, magnetic and capacitive nature of the conductor. It is necessary to create or make proper design of these conductors accompanied by proper installation. To balance the working and strength of overhead transmission line and to minimize its capacitive effect the conductors must be installed in catenary shape. The sag is required in transmission line for conductor suspension. The conductors are appended between two overhead towers with ideal estimation of sag. It is because of keeping conductor safety from inordinate tension. To permit safe tension in the conductor, conductors are not completely extended; rather they are allowed to have sag. For same level supports this paper provides sag and tension estimation with different wind speeds under low operating temperature 2 °C. To calculate sag-tension estimation of ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) overhead lines three different cases are provided with normal and high wind speed effects. Four different span lengths are taken for equal level supports. ETAP (Electrical Transient and Analysis Program) is used for simulation setup. The results shows that wind speed has great impact upon line tension and with addition of wind speed the sag of line remains unaltered while tension changes. Moreover tension gets increase while increase in wind speed.
IRJET, 2020
This document presents a review of recent research conducted on the design and analysis of transmission line towers in different wind areas with the effects of wind loads and earthquakes using STAAD.ProV8i. A study reports the design and analysis of the self-supporting towers of the lattice transmission line of an energy supply system located in Mumbai and Mount Abu. Both cities are in the same seismic areas but in different wind zones. This study is important in terms of wind load because Mumbai is a coastal area and Mount Abu is a mountainous area with different wind speeds. The comparative analysis is carried out respecting the axial forces, the maximum properties of the bending section and the critical load conditions for both positions. Load calculations are done manually, but analysis and design results are obtained through STAAD.ProV8i..
Overhead transmission line cables under wind gust loading - measurements and numerical simulations
Overhead transmission lines with conductor cables spanning over a few hundred meters are highly sensitive to the action of wind. Particularly wind acting on the cables signifies a major load on the suspension towers. In order to identify critical loading parameters and the load-response mechanism of those structures, measurements are carried out along a high voltage overhead transmission line capturing the acting wind field as well as the structural response of the cables. A finite element model of the structure is built and used to simulate the system's response. A method is presented which allows generating a complete wind field for all the model's nodes incorporating measured wind velocities and estimated parameters of the acting wind. The full scale measurements of both action and reaction will be compared to the numerical results.
Energija, 2023
Determining the transmission capacity of existing transmission overhead lines (OHL) is primarily defined by conductor ampacity. Transmission OHL needs to be loaded with the currents below their thermal capacity limit to avoid irreparable damage to conductor. The maximum value of current can be determined by the static approach (STR-Static Thermal Rating) or by the dynamic approach (DTR-Dynamic Thermal Rating). STR is defined by simple calculations and often does not change throughout the year while the DTR is calculated in real time taking into account actual atmospheric conditions, weather forecasts and actual conductor current. Most common approach used to calculate conductor temperature is by applying IEEE standard (IEEE 738, 2012) or CIGRE standard (TB601, 2014). During the higher production from wind farms caused by, higher wind speeds, it can be the case that local transmission OHL are loaded up to their limits and congestions can occur. But in case dynamic approach of capacity estimation is used it can show that due to high wind speed and better heat removal conditions the actual capacity of the line might be higher. In this paper, analysis of relation between atmospheric parameters, wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature and solar insolation, and ampacity is described. Considering historical weather data from meteorological stations, actual atmospheric conditions on transmission OHL corridors and taking into account the frequency of occurrence of individual meteorological variations ampacity of conductor is determined. For determined ampacity the potential variation and uncertainty of estimation is provided through different indicators. The obtained results provide an insight into the change of OHL ampacity based on actual conditions and their potential to be loaded even over their rated ampacity in cases of high engagement of wind power plants. Key words-capacity of overhead transmission line, conductor ampacity, conductor temperature, meteorological conditions, ACSR conductor (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced), dynamic thermal rating DTR I. IntroductIon
Experiment and Design Analysis of Transmission Tower Subjected Under Strong Wind Load: A Review
2021
In light of field examination of a harmed transmission line , a disappointment investigation is performed to appraise the heap bearing limit of a transmission tower. Static nonlinear clasping examination and dynamic investigation are utilized to evaluate a definitive burden limit and the most weak pieces of the pinnacle. In the unique investigation, a pinnacle line (TL) coupled model is set up which represents individuals clasping limit. The two philosophies anticipated close wind load limit (35.8 m/s in static examination and 35 m/s in powerful analysis),while the disappointment modes and clasped individuals are different. While static investigation shows that the leg individuals clasped, dynamic examination uncovers that it is the slanting individuals that clasp. Reasons are clarified in this paper and ideas are given that the unique investigation ought to be embraced in vitally assessing a transmission tower, particularly when finding the clasped member. More, emphasis ought to b...