Further menstrual characteristics of suicide attemptors (original) (raw)
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Attempted suicide and the menstrual cycle— A negative conclusion
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1974
THE PRESENT paper aims to establish whether women attempt suicide more at certain times during the menstrual cycle than others. On the face of it it would seem a relatively simple matter to enquire after the menstrual dates of a reasonably large, unselected series of female suicide attempters and analyze their distribution.
Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine, 2015
Aim: Suicidal behavior is defined as choosing death in the conflict between life and death. The aim of this study is to investigate the suspected relationship between suicide attempts and menstrual cycles and to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the non-pregnant female patients of reproductive age who have presented to our hospital after attempting suicide. Materials and Methods: In this study, 102 female patients (aging 16-45 years) of reproductive age with regular menstrual cycles who presented to the emergency department because of suicide attempts were enrolled. The study was designed as prospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The patients' sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory biochemical parameters were recorded. For the purposes of this study, 100 healthy women who fulfilled the criteria formed the control group and underwent the same procedures as the patient group. Results: Among the patients who presented to the hospital after attempting suicide, 64 (62.7%) were in their menstrual period, six (5.9%) were outside their menstrual period during the follicular phase, five (4.9%) were at the mid-cycle peak, and 27 (26.4%) were at the luteal phase, as determined on the basis of the date of their last menstrual period and their blood hormone levels. Conclusion: The majority of suicide attempts by women occurred during their menstrual period when the estradiol and progesterone levels are at their lowest.
The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle Phases and Suicide Attempts
Psychosomatic Medicine, 2000
The validity of prior studies on the menstrual cycle and suicide attempts assumes that suicidal women accurately describe their cycles. The three objectives of this study were 1) to explore whether prior inconsistencies are due to the effects of sample selection and method of assessment of the menstrual cycle, 2) to assess the relationship between the menstrual cycle phase and suicide attempts, and 3) to establish the role of sexual hormones in suicide attempts. Methods: The original sample included 134 women who came to the emergency room of a general hospital after a suicide attempt. One hundred eight female blood donors were recruited as control subjects. The menstrual cycle was divided into follicular, midcycle, and luteal phases using two clinical methods and serum hormonal assessment. Dividing the follicular phase into menstrual and nonmenstrual phases was also considered. Results: Two of 11 previously used sampling methods produced a sample size similar to that of the hormonal assessment. values between the two clinical and the endocrinological methods were low (0.40-0.50). The number of suicide attempts during the follicular phase (particularly during the menstrual phase) was significantly higher than expected. Conclusions: Despite the inability to control for other variables and limitations, the results of this study suggest that sample selection could introduce biases and that studies relating psychiatric symptomatology and menstrual cycle phases need to use hormonal determinations. New studies are needed to verify that suicide attempts are more frequent during the follicular phase (particularly during the menstrual phase).
Association of menstruation cycle with completed suicide: a hospital-based case-control study
Archives of Women's Mental Health, 2019
The purpose of the study was to determine the phases of the menstrual cycle in the reproductive age group of females who committed suicide as compared with a control group of females who died from causes other than suicide. The study included 86 cases in the suicidal group and 80 cases in the non-suicidal group. The menstrual phase was decided by the gross and histological examination of the uterus and ovary at autopsy. Deaths were more common during the secretory phase (56.9%) in the suicidal group, while in the non-suicidal group, death occurred more commonly in the proliferative phase (66.3%). In reference to proliferative phase, deaths were more in the secretory phase and menstrual phase in the suicidal group, adjusted odd's ratio (OR) being 3.7 (p = 0.042) and 4.7 (p = 0.032), respectively. Corpus luteum was present in the right ovary of 43 and 14 victims of suicidal and non-suicidal deaths, respectively, while it was in the left ovary of 3 and 11 victims of suicidal and non-suicidal death, respectively. Odd's ratio was 10.3 for corpus luteum to be in the right ovary in comparison with the left ovary for the suicidal group (p = 0.001). This study revealed that suicidal chances in a woman are significantly more in the menstrual phase and the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The presence of corpus luteum in the right ovary is associated with an increased risk of suicide, but the reason is not known.
Archives of Women's Mental Health, 2018
There is evidence that frequency of suicide attempts of fertile women is related to the menstrual cycle phases, while the influence of hormonal and psychiatric features has been hypothesized. This study aims to explore the distribution and possible differences in clinical characteristics of women who attempted suicide in relation to menstrual cycle. Seventy fertile female psychiatric patients, hospitalized in psychiatric department after a suicide attempt, were studied. Depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory, suicide intent with the Suicide Intent Scale, and aggression using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. A profile of psychopathology was obtained by using Symptom Check List SCL-90-R. Attempts were more frequent during the last 4 days of luteal phase and during the 4 days of menses, with 59% of attempts to occur during these 8 days. Patterns of number of attempts and cycle phase were similar for subgroups regarding diagnosis, violent/non-violent mode of suicide attempt, and one or repeated attempts. Although attempts were unequally distributed during the cycle, none of the psychiatric features assessed in the present study were related to the higher frequency of attempts during premenstrual/menstrual days, indicating the need to include additional aspects of suicidal behavior in future studies.
Acta Informatica Medica
Background: Suicide is a global health concern. There are reproductive health-related factors that are responsible for increasing the risk of female suicide. There are a number of studies examining the association between suicide and the menstrual cycle, but still, there are no conclusive findings. Aim: We aimed to pool data from all the studies reporting data on suicides and the menstrual cycle phase to report the following outcomes: incidence of suicidal deaths in the menstrual, secretory, and proliferative phases, and to find out whether the burden of suicide in the menstrual phase in particular, was more at a young age (18-35 years) or middle age (36-50years). Methods: The PubMed database was extensively searched from inception till 12th April 2022. The data for the number of events occurring for each outcome were pooled using random-effects model and forest plots were created. Results: Five articles were shortlisted for inclusion in our analysis. Incidence of suicide in the sec...
Identify Menstruation Related Problems and Suicide
LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences, 2018
Research Motivation: The most common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are uneasiness, stress, inability to control anger, fatigue, dizziness, increased appetite, anxiety, decrease in concentration, breast tenderness and swelling, muscle and joint pain Research Objectives: The study aims to identify menstruation related problems of women who are hospitalized due to a suicide attempt.
Cycles of risk: Associations between menstrual cycle and suicidal ideation among women
The current study examined associations between cyclic variation in hormone levels and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness -two determinants of suicidal ideation. Nineteen participants who experienced suicidal ideation and had normal menstrual cycles were selected out of 1482 college students and completed a series of on-line questionnaires every other day for 1 month. Menstrual cycle status, depressive symptoms, and feelings of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were assessed. Hormone levels were estimated based on standardized actuarial data. Lower levels of progesterone were associated with greater feelings of burdensomeness. Perceived burdensomeness was also greater during the follicular phase than the luteal phase. Additionally, lower levels of prolactin were associated with both increased feelings of burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness; however, these associations were not significant after controlling for depression. Results suggest that hormonal variation is associated with the determinants of suicidal ideation and provide further explanation for associations found between the menstrual cycle and suicide risk.
Suicide attempts among women during low estradiol/low progesterone states
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2010
The relationship between the menstrual cycle and risk for suicidal behaviors is not clear. The aim of this study is to determine whether perimenstrual phases in fertile women are associated with acute risk for suicide attempt and explore whether risk is elevated during low estradiol/low progesterone states. Women (N = 431) recruited within 24 h of a suicide attempt were assessed for psychopathology, suicidal behavior and LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone blood levels. Among fertile women (N = 281/431), suicide attempts were more likely to occur during menses (26%, 72/281 observed vs. 15%, 43/281 expected attempts; p < 0.001). Compared to women whose attempts occurred during other phases, women who attempted suicide during low estradiol/low progesterone states (menstrual phase, amenorrhea and menopause) reported severe suicide intent, a measure that may be predictive of eventual suicide death. Suicide attempts among women are more likely when estrogen and progesterone levels are low and attempts made under these conditions are associated with greater severity. Low gonadal hormone levels may constitute a key factor in the neurobiological basis of suicidal behavior among women, suggesting a novel, testable hypothesis regarding the underpinnings of suicidal acts.
Premenstrual symptoms and luteal suicide attempts
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2004
■ Abstract Objective If premenstrual symptoms (PMS) are temporally and specifically associated with suicidal attempts, suicide attempts in women with PMS should occur more frequently in the luteal phase. Method In a general hospital, 125 fertile female suicide attempters (and 83 blood donors as controls) with regular menstrual cycles were prospectively studied.A retrospective DSM-IV diagnosis of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) was made. Results Attempts during the luteal phase were not more frequent in females with PMDD (34 %, 23/68) than in those without PMDD (35 %, 20/57). The sample had enough power to detect medium and large effect sizes. As expected, there was a significantly higher frequency of PMDD in suicide attempters than in the controls (54 % vs 6 %; Fisher's exact test, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion This study was limited by the use of retrospective PMDD diagnosis but suggests that PMDD may not be associated with suicidal acts during the luteal phase, when PMS are present.