Research on oil-based drilling fluid for protecting oil reservoir (original) (raw)
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Performance evaluation of oil based drilling fluid formulated with castor oil
Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, 2021
Oil based muds formulated from diesel oil have proven to be quite expensive and environmentally unfriendly. This current study focused on investigating the suitability of castor oil in formulating oil based muds. The experiment in this work was conducted at different temperature conditions ranging from 40 to 80°C. The density and specific gravity of castor oil based mud were found experimentally to be 0.3 ppg and 0.4 higher than the density and specific gravity of diesel oil based mud, respectively. Plastic viscosity and gel strength of castor oil based mud were found to be 2 cp and 2 lb/100 , respectively found to be less than those obtained for diesel oil based mud (15 cp and 4 lb/100 , respectively) indicating the ability of castor oil in enhancing rate of penetration and efficient in hole cleaning. Results also show that a thinner filter cake was obtained for castor oil based mud in comparison to diesel muds. This shows that with castor oil based mud, undesirable effects such as differential sticking, loss circulation and poor primary cement jobs are minimized. The result from toxicity test also implied that the drilling mud formulated with castor oil can be easily disposed with less post drilling treatment. In conclusion, oil based mud formulated with castor oil can be used as an alternative to diesel oil based mud for drilling operations because its properties show that it can effectively perform its functions as a drilling fluid. It is also environmentally friendly.
Development of a New Reservoir-Friendly Drilling Fluid for Higher Gas Production
Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference
Drilling gas reservoir requires high mud density to balance the reservoir pressure. To formulate such fluids, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used because of its high acid solubility. However, due to the high concentration of CaCO3 required for high density drilling fluid, sticking might occur which might result in fishing and/or sidetracks operations. To minimize sticking problems, barite (BaSO4) is added with CaCO3 to reduce the amount of solids needed to formulate the drilling fluid. However, barite can cause potential damage because it does not dissolve in commonly used acids. Drilling fluids were developed at a wide range of densities using CaCl2 salt with Manganese Tetroxide (Mn3O4). No similar formulations were developed before to the best of the authors’ knowledge. The properties of small particle size (D50=1 microns), spherical shape and high specific gravity (4.9 g/cm3) of Mn3O4 make it good weighting material to reduce solids loading and settling compared to CaCO3 (2.78 g/c...
Optimum design of water-based drilling fluid in shale formations in Khangiran oilfields
Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal, 2019
In this study, an environmentally friendly water-based drilling fluid is designed to replace the oil-based drilling fluids. This drilling fluid has desirable properties in drilling water sensitive formations. New drilling fluid additives have been used to prepare this new drilling fluid. The most important properties of this new drilling fluid are controlling the mud filtrate and pressure invasion to the formation, clay mineral alteration and activity reduction, improvement of the integrity of drilling cuttings, reduction in formation damage, stability at high temperatures, stability in acidity changes and the compatibility by drilling fluids dilution during drilling operation. The lubricity and shale cuttings recovery of this fluid are better than other similar water based drilling fluids. Application of this fluid can protect the environment and drilling personnel in addition to being economically advantageous.
A Comparative Study of Diesel Oil and Soybean Oil as Oil-Based Drilling Mud
Journal of Petroleum Engineering, Vol. 2015, Article ID 828451, 2015
Oil-based mud (OBM) was formulated with soybean oil extracted from soybean using the Soxhlet extraction method. The formulated soybean mud properties were compared with diesel oil mud properties. The compared properties were rheological properties, yield point and gel strength, andmud density and filtration loss properties, fluid loss and filter cake. The results obtained show that the soybean oil mud exhibited Bingham plastic rheological model with applicable (low) yield point and gel strength when compared with the diesel oil mud. The mud density measurement showed that soybean OBMwas slightly higher than diesel OBM withmud density values of 8.10 lb/gal and 7.98 lb/gal, respectively, at barite content of 10 g. Additionally, the filtration loss test results showed that soybean mud fluid loss volumes, water and oil, were 13mL and 10 mL, respectively, compared to diesel oil mud volume of 15mL and 12 mL. Furthermore, the filtration loss test indicated that the soybean oilmud with filter cake thickness of 2mm had a cake characteristic of thin and soft while the diesel oilmud resulted in filter cake thickness of 2.5mm with cake characteristic of firm and rubbery. In comparison with previous published works in the literature, the soybean oil mud exhibits superior rheological and filtration property over other vegetable oil-based muds. Therefore, the formulated soybean oil mud exhibited good drilling mud properties that would compare favourably with those of diesel oil muds. Its filter cake characteristic of thin and soft is desirable and significant to avert stuck pipe during drilling operations, meaning that an oil-based drilling mud could be formulated from soybean oil.
An Overview of Drilling Fluids Used in Oil and Gas Drilling
Drilling fluids are mixtures of natural and synthetic chemical compounds used in the drilling of oil and gas. They provide protection to the drill bit as well as helps in carrying out the drilling operations smoothly. Drilling fluids are mainly classified as water based muds (WBM) and oil based muds (OBM).Each type needs special additives and their selection depends on various factors. A drilling mud can be disposed of in an environmental friendly manner by mixing the mud with a cross linkable polymer and a crosslinking agent to form a composition that solidifies at a predetermined time
Investigating Alternatives To Diesel In Oil Based Drilling Mud Formulations Used in the Oil Industry
Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2014
The investigation of jatropha and groundnut oils as alternatives to diesel in oil based mud (OBM) formulations reveal comparable performance characteristics to that of diesel. The viscosity values of the mud samples from the three oils varied considerably. At the same viscometer dial speed of 600 RPM and temperature of 60 o C, the viscosities were 155, 135 and 50 centi poises (cP) for jatropha, groundnut and diesel oils based mud samples respectively. The jatropha and groundnut oil based mud samples were respectively 3 and 2.7 times more viscous than diesel oil based mud. The increasing order of mud densities was 7.5 ppg, 7.9 ppg and 8.5 ppg for diesel, groundnut and jatropha oils based mud samples respectively. Gel strength values at 10 secs and 10 mins were highest for diesel based mud than for jatropha and groundnut oil based muds while the True and Bingham yield points expectedly decreased as the mud temperature was increased.
A Comprehensive Review on the Advancement of Non-damaging Drilling Fluids
Int J Petrochem Res, 2017
The ever-increasing targets of drilling depth and reach, coupled with locational disadvantages have driven the oilfield drilling operations into new technology frontiers. Drilling fluids being an essential component of any successful drilling operation, adequate understanding of the impact of drilling fluid characteristics can eliminate a range of difficulties encountered during drilling operations and reduce drilling cost significantly. This article presents a comprehensive review of various types of drilling fluid systems and technology advancements and also the significant challenges faced by a drilling fluid engineer, starting with the basics and ending with extreme reservoir Conditions, with special emphasis on non-damaging drilling fluids. This paper is specially written for fresh petroleum engineering graduates and entry level drilling fluid engineers and drilling engineers as well as for drilling fluid research groups who would find many important information for a given drilling and reservoir challenge.
Development of Jatropha oil-in-water emulsion drilling mud system
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2016
The increase in strict environmental regulations limits the use of diesel based muds as these muds are toxic and disposal of cuttings into the environment is a major issue faced by the drilling industries. To overcome this issue, an attempt has been made to develop oil-in-water emulsion mud system using jatropha oil. The effect of oil, bentonite clay and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymer on the rheological parameters and fluid loss control property of the developed system was analyzed thoroughly. The jatropha oil-in-water emulsion mud system had shown better rheological and filtration properties than the diesel oil-in-water emulsion mud system. The Jatropha oil-in-water mud system had lower coefficient of friction than the diesel oil based mud system. This is an indicative of relatively higher lubricating property of this system. Low formation damage effect and high shale recovery performance were obtained with this system during the core flow study and shale recovery test. The zeta potential measurements have been carried out to analyze the emulsion stability and it was found that the addition of clay (0.5-4.0 wt/v%) and CMC (0.1-1.0 wt/v%) has enhanced the stability of the emulsions. Hence, the developed jatropha oil-in-water emulsion mud system has a great prospect in the development of emulsion muds desired for the drilling of oil wells.
Drilling Fluid: State of The Art and Future Trend
North Africa Technical …, 2012
In its endeavor to provide a sustainable flow of hydrocarbon energy, the Petroleum industry has been recognized by the general public as an industry that has negatively impacted the environment as a result of using either harmful materials or risky practices. This leads the industry to continuously invest in R&D to develop environmentally friendly technologies and products. For any new technology or product, the current R&D trend is toward the development of sustainable practices and expertise. Drilling fluids are necessary for drilling oil and gas wells. Unfortunately drilling fluids have become increasingly more complex in order to satisfy the various operational demands and challenges. The materials used in the process to improve the quality and functions of the drilling fluids, contaminates the subsurface and underground systems, landfills, and surrounding environment. Due to the increasing environmental awareness and pressure from environmental agencies throughout the world, it is very important to look back to the drilling fluid technology to reassess its progress while it tries to make forward steps to improve the petroleum industry's position as an environment friendly industry. This article outlines the state-of-the-art of drilling fluids. The major types of drilling fluids, their strengths, limitations, and remedies to limitations are discussed. It also presents the current trend and the future challenges of this technology. In addition, future research guidelines are presented focusing on the development of environmentally friendly drilling fluids with zero impact on the environment. The paper concludes that future trend leads toward the development of sustainable drilling fluids.
2019
The drilling campaign on Pad C of the Tiputini Field, located on the Oriente Basin, Ecuador, started with the first exploratory well TPTC-002. Pressure tests performed on the M1 sandstone of the Napo Formation determined that the average reservoir pressure (Pr) was 1921 psi. Ten months later, Pr averaged 846 psi. This increased the risk of differential pressure sticking, event that indeed occurred while drilling the well TPTC-016. By using the “Bow-Tie” methodology as a predictive tool to analyze risks, and taking into account the preliminary studies that describe this phenomena, a solution was found for stablishing an additional barrier with the use of diesel on the water-based drilling fluid. Diesel was used in order to extend the ‘half value time’ and to decrease the friction coefficient between the mud cake and pipe.