Effect of Different Levels of Thyme Essential Oil and Thechnomos Prebiotic on Some Blood Metabolites of Broilers (original) (raw)
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2021
Background: Organic products for animals are becoming more widely accepted by consumers. Using herbal additives may lead to more healthy animal products. In this research, it is hypothesized that thyme essential oil (TEO) and/or selenium yeast (SY) would be helpful to enhance production performance in broilers. Objective: In the current study, the effects of adding TEO and/or SY to the diet on broiler performance and blood parameters were evaluated in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 480 chicks were distributed in 24 cages with 20 chicks (10 males and 10 females) each and assigned to be fed four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets including two levels (0 and 250 mg/kg) of TEO and two levels (0 and 0.3 mg/kg) of SY in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with six replicates. Results: Adding SY significantly decreased feed intake in finishing period (22-42 d) (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SY and TEO significantly decreased plasma uric acid and triglyceride levels, respectively (p < 0.05). However, neither of the supplements had any influence on the plasma glucose and albumin levels (p > 0.05). The lowest level of plasma cholesterol was detected in the birds fed the TEO-supplemented diet (p < 0.05). Addition of SY significantly increased blood glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary supplemental TEO has a favourable effect on feed intake, weight gain, and body weight values. Besides, SY may decrease blood concentration of uric acid, as well as blood glutathione peroxidase activity. An interaction is detected between TEO and SY on blood cholesterol.
A trial was conducted to study the effects of the aromatic plant thyme, a commercial probiotic (Protexin) and avilamycin on broiler performance, blood biochemical parameters and also the antibody response to sheep red blood cells. A total of 750 broilers were assigned into five replicate groups for each of five dietary treatments, namely; control (C), 2.5 mg/kg avilamycin (AB), 0.1 g/kg commercial probiotic (P), 5 g/kg ground thyme (T1), and 7.5 g/kg ground thyme (T2). In general, body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments compared to the control birds (P>0.05). Birds fed the P supplemented treatment had the greatest serum protein levels (P<0.001) and highest albumin levels (P<0.001) when compared with control birds, while the birds fed T2 had the lowest (P<0.001). Dietary supplementation reduced (P<0.001) cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum of broilers, with the effect were more noticeable by P supplements. Moreover, blood calcium and phosphorus concentrations were higher (P<0.001) in birds fed the P-supplemented diet compared to the birds fed the control diets.
International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2018
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic mineral mixture, probiotics, enzymes, emulsifier and liver supplements on serum protein profile and serum biochemical profile. For this purpose, a total of 396 day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb) were used and randomly allocated into 11 groups with three replicates of 12 chicks each. The results revealed that at 42 nd day, all the supplemented groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher in total protein than T0 group. All the supplemented groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher in albumin than T0 group. All the supplemented groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher in globulin than T0 group. All the supplemented groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher in albumin/ globulin ratio than T0 group. Glucose values in T4, T9 and T10 groups were significantly (P<0.05) lower than T0 (control) group. Total cholesterol values in T2, T3, T4, T5, T9 and T10 groups showed significant (P<0.05) decrease compared to the T0 (control). HDLcholesterol values in T3, T4, T5, T9 and T10 showed significant (P<0.05) increase compared to the T0 (control). All the supplemented groups showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in LDL-cholestertol values compared to the T0 (control) except T6, T7, and T8. All the supplemented groups showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in triglycerides values compared to the T0 (control) except T6 and T7. All the supplemented groups showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in AST values compared to the T0 (control) except T1, T6, T7 and T8. All the supplemented groups showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in ALT values compared to the T0 (control) except T4 and T9.
Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 2019
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with three levels of thyme (5, 10 and 15 g/kg) and its essential oils (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg) on growth performance, blood profiles, immune response and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. A total of one hundred-forty day-old unsexed broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 7 equal groups, each with 4 replicates, and kept in battery cages. Feed and water were offered ad libitum till the termination of the trial at 6 weeks of age. Growth performance and blood parameters were measured. The control group and the group fed 5 g/kg thyme were significantly better in their LBW and BWG as compared to other groups in the first three weeks of study and whole experimental period. On the other hand, feeding the diet having 5 g/kg thyme enhanced feed intake during the starter and whole experimental periods as compared to other groups. Broilers fed the diet fortified with1.0 g/kg thyme oil displayed significantly better feed conversion ratio than did other experimmintal groups during the starter and whole experimintal periods. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on the plasma levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total protein as well as activity of AST and ALT. It was observed that broiler chickens fed the diets conaining thyme and/or essential oils exhibited higher concentration of plasma HDL compared with the control group, with the highest concentration of HDL in 15 g/kg thyme-group. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with thyme or its essential oils led to a significant reduction in plasma LDL compared with control group. The humoral immune response was improved in broiler chickens fed the treated diets as evidenced by a significant increase in immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) compared with the control group. It is of great interest to notice that thyme and its essential oils administred-groups significantly increased TAC but decreased MDA as compared to the control group. Findings from this study highlighted the beneficial effect of thyme supplementation in diets at the rate of 5.0 g/kg on cholesterol , immunity and antioxidant status of broiler chickens Key words:broilers-thyme-lipids profile-immune response-antioxidant status Acamovic, T., and J. D. Brooker, 2005. Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc.64:403-412. Alçiçek, A., M. Bozkurt, and M. Çabuk, 2003. The effects of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in turkey on broiler performance. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 33:89-94. Alipour, F., A. Hassanabadi, A. Golian, and H. Nassiri-Moghaddam, 2015. Effect of plant extracts derived from thyme on male broiler performance. Poultry Science 94:2630-2634 Belenli, D. , D. Udum, S. Şule Cengiz and Ü. Polat, 2015. Influence of various volatile oils as a dietary supplement on biochemical and performance parameters in broilers. J. Biol. Environ. Sci., 9(25), 47-55 Bölükbaş S.C., M.K. Erhan and A.Özkan, 2006. Effect of dietary thyme oil and vitamin E on growth, lipid oxidation, meat fatty acid composition and serum lipoproteins of broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 36:189-196 Cross, D. E., T. Acamovic, S. G.
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009
This experiment was conducted to determine the influence of dietary antioxidants (selenium (Se) and vitamin C), and triiodothyronine (T3) to iodine on biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) in broilers exposed cold. In the study, 150, one-day-old, broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used. Chicks were randomized into 1 control and 4 treated groups each containing 30 birds and each experimental group comprised 3 replicates of 10 birds. The experimental groups were as follow: control was fed with basal diet; group I was fed with basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg selenium as sodium selenite plus 2 mg/kg iodine as calcium iodate; group II was fed with basal diet supplemented 1 mg/kg selenium plus 1 mg/kg T3; group III was fed with basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg vitamin C as ascorbic acid plus 1 mg/kg iodine; group IV was fed with basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg vitamin C plus 1 mg/kg T3. Plasma T3, triglyceride and SGPT were significantly different among the groups. MDA level in heart tissue of control group was found significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.01). MDA levels in liver (P<0.01) and abdominal fat (P<0.001) tissues of control and group I were determined significantly higher than those of other groups, whereas MDA level in lung tissue was similar found in all groups. The CAT activity of liver of control and group I was found significantly the highest (P<0.001). Results showed that cold exposure in broilers induced oxidative damage in tissues, but this damage decreased partly in supplement groups, except group I.
International Journal of Life Sciences, 2014
Thyme is a plant native to Iran that is widely found in southern part and mountainous center of country and has antibacterial and antifungal activity on digestive and chronic diseases in traditional medicine. However the medicinal species is called Thyme vulgaris, all of the Thyme are enriched with volatile compounds including thymol and carvacrol acting as strong antiseptic. In present study we decided on evaluating the effect of thyme essence on biochemical factors such as (triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST and total protein) in rat's blood serum. Thyme essences in 200 and 400 mg/kg levels were prescribed respectively for animals in two treatment group through oral administration during 21 days and the third group as control received no compositions. It was observed that after measuring biochemical factors of blood serum the thyme essences led to decrease cholesterol level significantly in both treatment groups compared with control group (p< 0.05).
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) and black pepper (BP) on blood components and performance of male broiler chickens. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of TRP (0 and 0.5 g/kg) and three levels of BP (0, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) were used to provide six dietary treatments. Each diet was randomly fed to four groups of 12 chicks each, and performance and hematological criteria were measured. The results showed that weekly body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers were not influenced by TRP. The addition of 0.5 g TRP to diet significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, but did not affect aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and concentration of low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum. Serum chloride and total electrolyte balance significantly decreased by TRP, whereas sodium and potassium concentrations were unchanged. Supplementation of diet with 1 g BP significantly reduced FCR in the first week; however, this pronounced effect was not observed in the later weeks. The BWG and FI were not influenced by BP. Even though, the serum metabolites such as LDL, HDL, cholesterol, electrolytes and activity of AST, ALT and LDH enzymes were not influenced by the addition of BP to diet, serum triglycerides significantly reduced in birds fed diet containing 1 g BP as compared to those fed control diet. There was no significant interaction between TRP and BP on blood metabolites and performance of male broiler chickens.
2019
The experiment was conducted in Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, FANSVM, PSTU to study the effects of seven indigenous medicinal plants [black pepper (Piper nirgum), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), peppermint (Mentha piperita), garlic (Allium sativum), black cumin (Nigella sativa), papaya (Carica papaya), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)] and two patent probiotics (SS Bio ® and Poultrystar Sol ®) on the growth performance (body weight and FCR) in broiler. The effects of black pepper, tulsi, peppermint, garlic, black cumin, papaya, cinnamon, SS Bio ® and Poultrystar Sol ® on hematological parameters (TEC, Hb and PCV) and biochemical parameter (blood glucose) were also observed. One hundred broiler were randomly divided into ten groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J), each consisting of ten broiler. Group A was kept as control. 10% water extract of black pepper (seed), tulsi (leaves), peppermint (leaves), garlic (bulbs), black cumin (seed), papaya (leaves), cinnamon (bark) were administered orally to the broiler of group B, C, D, E, F, G and H, respectively. Broiler of group I and J received orally SS Bio ® and Poultrystar Sol ® , respectively. Black pepper, tulsi, peppermint, garlic, black cumin, papaya, cinnamon, SS Bio ® and Poultrystar Sol ® were significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) increased body weight and FCR up to the experimental period. TEC was significantly (p<0.05) increased at garlic treated broiler. After treatment with peppermint, garlic, black cumin, papaya, cinnamon, SS Bio ® and Poultrystar Sol ® , Hb content increased significantly (p<0.05) in broiler. Black pepper, tulsi, peppermint, black cumin, papaya, SS Bio ® and Poultrystar Sol ® treatment significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) increased PCV in broiler. Peppermint, garlic, black cumin, papaya, cinnamon, SS Bio ® and Poultrystar Sol ® caused significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) increased blood glucose. Tulsi decreased (p<0.05) significantly blood glucose. The present study reveal that indigenous medicinal plants can be used as alternatives to patent probiotics in broiler.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2014
BACKGROUND: Aromatic herbs as feed additives in animal production encounter a growing interest but data on the fate of the aromatic compounds from the plant in the animal body are very scarce. In the present study thyme (Thymus vulgaris) herb consisting of leaves and flowers without stems was used as ingredient in the diet for broilers. The herb was fed for 35 days to five groups of broilers (0, 0.1 0.2 0.3 and 1.0 % (w/w) in the diet). Animal performance and the concentrations of the main essential oil component from thyme, thymol, were measured in gut contents, plasma, and liver and muscle tissue using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups in feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion, and slaughter weight. Thymol was detected in gut contents, plasma, liver and muscle tissue. Increased intestinal thymol concentrations were found in the group wit 1 % thyme compared to the other groups (p<0.05). In liver and muscle tissue the thymol levels were close to the limit of quantification. CONCLUSION: The data do not indicate a positive effect of thyme on animal performance. With high dietary levels of thyme herb, thymol concentrations increased in gut contents and plasma but were very low in edible tissues as liver and flesh.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2010
The effects of sage extract on the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP), proliferative ability of enterocytes, and growth performance in chickens were studied during 42 days of the experiment under commercial conditions. A significant increase of body weight gain was found in chickens fed with sage extract in the grower period (17-29 days of age) and in the finisher period (30-42 day of age). Total serum proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 29 days of age in animals treated with sage extract. A significant (p < 0.001) decrease in activity of intestinal AP was demonstrated on 29 and 42 days in animals fed with sage extract complemented diet. Proliferative activity of enterocytes was increased (p < 0.01) in the finisher period along the duodenal villi in animals treated with sage extract. We conclude that the higher growth performance was probably due to improved endogenous secretion of the liver as a consequence of increased total proteins mainly in the grower period. Decreased activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase was not in correlation with proliferative ability of enterocytes and the lower activity of AP could be influenced by improved digestion of lipids.