Brainstorming in Solitude and Teams: A Computational Study of the Role of Group Influence (original) (raw)
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Ideas exchange must needed in order to get the novel and creative solution for problems and also to implement it for future innovations. Ideas exchange will be met in many meetings, work session, discussion in a group of people to achieve the solution. There is a brainstorming method to create and generate ideas in order to exchange it with freewheeling and as flexible as they can or in another words with free-flowing burst of ideas (Osborn, 1957). This brainstorming involves the interconnected influences of cognitive, social, and motivational process from each contributor. The expressing of their ideas are affected by this model, in cognitive aspect the members have basic knowledge that can be used for idea generation. The second aspect is social that can influence because of the comment or judgment by another members that can block their mental. The last aspect is motivational process because each of members must know what the benefit and urgency of this group idea generation. Figure 1. A Cognitive-Social-Motivational Model of Group Ideation
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2006
The conclusion that nominal brainstorming groups outperform interactive brainstorming groups has been exclusively based on studies of idea generation. This study tested whether the productivity advantage of nominal groups would also result in better idea selection. Nominal and interactive groups performed a task that involved idea generation and selection. Idea generation and selection were strictly separated for half the groups, but were combined for the other half. Nominal groups generated more ideas than interactive groups, and the ideas generated by nominal groups were more original and less feasible than the ideas generated by interactive groups. However, there were no diVerences among conditions in quality of the selected ideas. Further, idea selection was not signiWcantly better than chance. This suggests that high productivity in brainstorming is not suYcient to lead to better solutions.
“Collaborating To Success”: An Experimental Study of Group Idea Generation Techniques
Volume 5a: 17th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, 2005
Numerous concept generation methods have been developed that can assist an engineer in the initial phases of design. Unfortunately, limited empirical data is available to guide users in selecting preferred techniques. This study systematically investigates underlying factors of four well-used and documented techniques: Brainsketching, Gallery, 6-3-5, and C-Sketch. These techniques are resolved into their key parameters and a factorial experiment is performed to understand how the key parameters affect the outcomes of the techniques. The factors chosen for this study include: how ideas are displayed to participants (all are viewed at once or exchanged between participants, "rotational viewing") and the mode used to communicate ideas (written words only, sketches only, or a combination of written words and sketches). This study also provides a method for measuring the quantity of ideas generated when the ideas are represented in the form of both sketches and words.
In the literature, there has been a focus on the effectiveness of larger sized electronic brainstorming groups; however, mechanisms for its effectiveness still remain open to question and some methodological concerns (e.g., the evaluation of ideas and the typing speed, and the use of different formats) continue to be important problems. To overcome such problems, a series of experiments were conducted. All subjects were exposed to the two-minute typing speed test which was overlooked in the previous studies in electronic brainstorming. In the first experiment the effect of the group size (4, 6, and 8 person groups); in the 2nd experiment that of group size (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 person groups) with the memory instruction, and in the 3rd experiment that of group size (4 and 10 person groups) with two lengths of brainstorming session (15 and 25 minutes) were investigated on the brainstorming performance. Results showed that unique and original ideas increased as the group size increased. However, the group size did not affect the performance of one individual within these groups. Memory instruction inhibited performance in the shorter session (15 minutes) of brainstorming but enhanced it in the longer session (25 minutes) of brainstorming. Typing speed affected the total number and unique ideas but not the originality and feasibility of these ideas. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that group size enhanced creative ideas (unique, original, and feasible ideas). Consistent with the literature, the beneficial effect of memory instruction could be evident in the longer session of brainstorming rather than the shorter one. These findings were discussed in light of the relevant brainstorming literature and their implications on educational, health and organizational settings.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 1973
In the experiments reviewed in this article the subjects are asked to produce ideas that are relevant to a given task request (e.g., possible consequences of a hypothetical event). After describing the specific task material and the performance measures used in the relevant research studies, some analytic background is given by outlining the cognitive resources required in this kind of experimental task and by listing the various factors that may come into play when subjects perform in groups (with discussion) instead of individually. We then review the studies comparing individual and group performance. In all ot these experiments the subjects were asked to work according to the rules of brainstorming, which prescribe that participants refrain from evaluating their ideas. This procedure purportedly results in superior group, relative to individual, performance. Ho.~ever, the empirical evidence clearly indicates that subjects brainstorming in small groups produce fewer ideas than the same number of subjects brainstorming individually. Less clear evidence is available on measures of quality, uniqueness and variety. The discussion considers factors that may be responsible for this inferiority of groups. The role of social inhibition receives particular attention also in terms of suggestions for research.··A.pa/:i"h·om the group-individual comparison we review the existing research concerning factors that may influence group performance on idea-generation tasks.
Effects of Training on Idea Generation in Groups
Small Group Research, 2008
This study examined the effects of training and sequence of nominal and interactive groups on idea generation. Participants in groups of three or four were either trained in idea generation skills or were simply engaged in an equivalent amount of practice. They subsequently were asked to brainstorm in either an alone-to-group or a group-to-alone sequence. Training had a significant positive effect on the total number of ideas generated and average originality of ideas generated. The participants in the alone-to-group sequence generated a larger number of ideas than those in the group-to-alone sequence. These results indicate that training can increase both the quality and quantity of ideas generated in groups and that solitary idea generation prior to group brainstorming can be beneficial. These findings may be helpful to practitioners in enhancing the creativity of individuals in group work.
An Exploration of Communication and Productivity in Real Brainstorming Groups
Human Communication Research, 1978
This study analyzed the performance of individuals in real brainstorming groups in an attempt to determine the relationship between individual ideational output, perceptions of status within the group, and communication apprehension. Results of a multiple discriminant analysis suggest that persons who are high producers of ideas perceive fewer status differences among group members, perceive themselves as high status group members and are less apprehensive as communicators than those persons low in productivity. The linear combination of discriminating variables was able to successfully classify over 75% of the subjects into their actual output group.