Wear and friction behaviour of duplex-treated AISI 4140 steel (original) (raw)
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In the present study, samples made of AISI 4140 steel, pre-treated with plasma nitriding (PN) and coated with coatings like Titanium Nitride (TiN), Titanium Carbo Nitride (TiCN), Chromium Nitride (CrN), Aluminium Titanium Nitride (AlTiN) using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique, were investigated in terms of their dry and wet sliding wear behaviour. Wear tests, were performed with a pin-on-disc machine. The results of the duplex treated samples were compared with the conventional hard chrome coated AISI 4140 steel. The results showed improved wear properties of the duplex-treated specimens compared to the hard chrome coated AISI 4140 steel. TiCN coated and nitrided 4140 steel has shown the best performance among the investigated materials. Furthermore, the compound layer formed during nitriding was found to act as an intermediate hard layer leading to superior sliding wear properties. The improved performance of the duplex treated samples can be attributed to the presence of a nitrided subsurface. ARTICLE HISTORY
Tribological properties of plasma nitrided and hard coated AISI 4140 steel
Wear, 2001
In the present study, samples made of AISI 4140 steel pre-treated with plasma nitriding and coated with different PVD coatings (TiN, TiAlN and ta-C) were investigated in terms of their microhardness, surface roughness, scratch adhesion and dry sliding wear resistance. Wear tests, in which duplex-treated pins were mated to hardened ball bearing steel discs, were performed with a pin-on-disc machine. To examine the influence of the nitrided zone on the performance of the coating-substrate composite, coatings were deposited on hardened as well as on plasma nitrided samples, prepared under different nitriding conditions.
Wear, 1999
In our study, the friction and the wear behaviour of plasma and pulse plasma nitrided AISI 4140 steel was evaluated under dry sliding conditions, where hardened samples were used as a reference. The nitrided samples were fully characterised before and after the wear testing using metallographic, microhardness and surface examination techniques. After surface characterisation, dry sliding wear tests were performed on a pin-on-disc machine in which hardened ball bearing steel discs were mated to nitrided pins. The influence of sliding speed and contact load on the response of the surface treated pins was determined. The test results indicate, that the wear resistance of AISI 4140 steel can be improved by means of plasma and pulse plasma nitriding. However, compound layer should be removed from the nitrided surface to avoid impairment of the tribological properties by fracture of hard and brittle compound layer followed by the formation of hard abrasive particles. q 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
Surface treatments have been used to improve tool life in many manufacturing processes in industry. Plasma nitriding is widely used, because it allows controlling the surface microstructure, regarding compound layer formation. Duplex surface treatments are new solutions for tools, combining the advantages of plasma nitriding and PVD coatings looking for a still better performance in service. This paper presents tribological properties of a duplex treatment consisting on plasma nitriding and PVD/TiN coating an AISI H13 hot work tool steel. Duplex coating increases the wear resistance of the tool up to 30%. The TiN microabrasion rate is not sensitive to the substrate pretreatment. On the other hand, coating adhesion is strongly dependent on the mechanical properties of the nitrided layer close to the interface. The adhesion condition was found to increase when the relation H/E and the amount of elastic recovery of the nitrided case are close to that of the TiN coating. The best results were obtained for plasma nitriding treatments carried out in a 5%N 2 gas mixture, avoiding the formation of a compound layer. For 20%N 2 content the compound layer is formed and its transformation during the coating process lowers the adhesion of the TiN coating.
Investigation of Tribological Behaviour of Nitrided and Coated AISI 4140 Steel
2017
In the present study, samples made of AISI 4140 steel, pre-treated with plasma nitriding (PN) and coated with coatings like Titanium Nitride (TiN), Titanium Carbo Nitride (TiCN), Chromium Nitride (CrN), Aluminium Titanium Nitride (AlTiN) using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique, were investigated in terms of their dry and wet sliding wear behaviour. Wear tests, were performed with a pin-on-disc machine. The results of the duplex treated samples were compared with the conventional hard chrome coated AISI 4140 steel. The results showed improved wear properties of the duplex-treated specimens compared to the hard chrome coated AISI 4140 steel. TiCN coated and nitrided 4140 steel has shown the best performance among the investigated materials. Furthermore, the compound layer formed during nitriding was found to act as an intermediate hard layer leading to superior sliding wear properties. The improved performance of the duplex treated samples can be attributed to the presence of...
Micro-abrasion wear testing of PVD TiN coatings on untreated and plasma nitrided AISI H13 steel
Wear, 2001
An abrasive wear test, based on the ball-crater technique, has been used to evaluate the wear resistance of PVD TiN coatings, on untreated and plasma nitrided AISI H13 steels. Knoop microhardness measurements and scratch tests were carried out to characterise the coating systems under investigation. The TiN on plasma nitrided “duplex” coatings showed better micro-abrasive wear resistance than the single-layered TiN coatings and uncoated AISI H13 substrate. The best performance of the duplex-treated sample can be attributed to the presence of a nitrided subsurface in comparison with that of the single-layered TiN coating. The presence of a hard nitrided layer seemed to diminish the scratching action of the SiC abrasive particles. The wear patterns also indicated a transition between wear mechanisms, depending on the surface (coating) and subsurface hardness. A grooving wear mechanism was observed for a single-layered TiN coating (deposited on a hardened AISI H13 substrate) whilst a mixed mechanism involving grooving and rolling wear was found to occur in a duplex TiN coating (plasma nitrided AISI H13 substrate).
Key Engineering Materials, 2012
The current paper provides a comparison of impact wear and sliding wear properties of the hard PVD single layer TiN and Ti(C,N), multilayer (Ti,Al)N and nanocomposite FiVIc® coatings, deposited onto plasma nitrided low-alloy 42CrMo4 steel. All of the coatings studied demonstrated a relatively high impact wear resistance at the low (10 4 ) and medium (10 5 ) numbers of impact, however, all the studied coatings vanished at the high number of impacts (10 6 ). The most extensive wear amongst the coatings during the sliding wear test was observed for the (Ti,Al)N coating, with FiVIc® showing the least extensive wear. The most extensive wear of the counterbody (hardened steel ball) was registered for the (Ti,Al)N coating, with the lowest wear for the FiVIc® and Ti(C,N) coatings. The wear mechanism of coatings was mild abrasion, accompanied by oxidation, and the wear mechanism of the counterbody was plastic deformation.
Behavior of the pulsed ion nitrided AISI 4140 steel/CVD TiN coatings as tribological pair
Thin Solid Films, 2000
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of pulsed plasma nitriding process on the wear behavior of an AISI 4140 steel. Wear tests were performed using a ball-on-disc configuration with a linear sliding speed of 0.1 m s y1 , 5 N load and 700 m sliding distance. The tests were carried out at room temperature in air, without lubrication, by employing CVD TiN coated balls of 6 mm in diameter. The surface morphology and topography of the wear scars of samples and balls have been determined by using both scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional stylus profilometry. Different wear mechanisms were detected such as abrasion, adhesion and oxidational wear for the pairs under study. Results have showed an improved wear resistance of the nitrided samples compared to the AISI 4140 steel samples. ᮊ
Journal of Materials Science, 2008
Significant progress has been made in the past decade in plasma nitriding with a majority of the research work focusing on improving hardness and wear resistance of the nitrided surface through the reduction of nitriding temperature, pressure or time. Hard-solid lubricating coatings have also been extensively studied for lowering the wear rate and coefficient of friction of traditional hard coatings such as TiN by the combined effect of hardness and solid lubrication. In this study, the wear characteristics of low-temperature plasma-nitrided steel substrate performed using a Saddle-field fast atom beam source and TiN + MoS x hard-solid lubricant coating deposited by a closed-field magnetron-sputtering technique have been investigated. The thin hard layer in plasma-nitrided substrates exhibited much higher hardness and lower wear compared to the untreated substrate in pin-on-disc wear testing. In addition, the study of the wear track morphology of the nitrided samples evidenced significant reduction of deeper ploughing and plastic deformation due to higher hardness and load supporting of the nitrided layer. On the other hand, due to the incorporation of MoS 2 in TiN coating, the wear resistance and coefficient of friction were greatly improved in TiN + MoS x coating compared to pure TiN coating. In contrast to TiN coating, a relatively smoother wear track with less abrasive wear also supported the beneficial effects of adding MoS 2 in TiN coating.
Comparative Study of the PVD Coatings on the Plasma Nitrided Steel
Materials Science, 2012
In the current study, the cracking, impact and sliding wear resistance of the PVD single layer TiN (I generation), multilayer (Ti,Al)N-ML (II generation), gradient (Al,Ti)N-G and multilayer nanocomposite FiVIc® (both -III generation) coatings on the nitrided low alloy steel 42CrMo4 are analysed. The cyclic indentation test (normal load 50 N, 10 000 cycles) was carried out to determine the cracking resistance of the coatings. Impact wear test was performed at the normal load 16 N, strokes' frequency 25 Hz, 10 4 -10 7 strokes. Sliding wear test was applied, using the block-on-plate scheme, Ø 10 mm Al 2 O 3 ball as the counterbody, at the normal load of 10 N, the frequency 5 Hz, the amplitude 10 mm and the test duration 10 min. Best resistance to cracks' formation is demonstrated by the gradient (Al,Ti)N-G coating, showing medium radial cracks' formation, whereas delamination of the coating can be observed in other cases. 1.6 -1.7 times higher impact wear resistance is shown by the TiN coating in comparison with the other coatings. The FiVIc® coating demonstrates lightly better resistance to sliding wear in comparison with the TiN and (Ti,Al)N-ML coatings due to a lower coefficient of friction. The worst sliding wear resistance is observed in the case of the (Al,Ti)N-G coating due to a high affinity of the coating's and counterbody's materials.