A hospital based study on the prevalence of conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis (original) (raw)
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Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival swabs
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1997
Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the west occurs as ophthalmia neonatorum, acquired from the mother, or adult paratrachoma which is also associated with current genital tract infection. Accurate rapid laboratory diagnosis facilitates management, but the relative merits of antigen detection or DNA amplification tests are unresolved.
International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 2011
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is an atypical agent for acute, subclinical and chronic conjunctivitis in developed countries, as stated by the International League against Trachoma. In order to evaluate the presence of Ct, from a total of 3,520 patients visiting the consulting room of the Eye Clinic of G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti, Italy from 2006–2008, we enrolled 171 patients affected by occasional mild, moderate or severe conjunctivitis in a three-arm prospective open study, using traditional analysis such as Immune Fluorescent Assay and Enzyme–Linked Fluorescent Assay (IFA and ELFA) and molecular analysis with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure for Ct DNA research (Ct DNA). At the same time, microbiological culture was carried out for common germs and mycetes. These patients were analyzed at different subsequent times. In the first arm (Group A) of 82 patients with IFA and ELFA only 10 people (12.2%) resulted positive to Ct infection with both methods. The presence ...
The Indian journal of medical research, 2012
Ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is a major public health problem in densely populated countries like India. The true prevalence of such infections is uncertain due to insufficient data available from India. The aim of this study was to do a retrospective analysis of C. trachomatis eye infections in patients attending the outpatient department of Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, over a period of 12 years. From 1997 to 2008, the Chlamydia laboratory received conjunctival swabs from 1281 consecutive patients for C. trachomatis detection after thorough clinical examination. Specimens were subjected to direct fluorescent antigen detection assay using monoclonal antibody based commercial kit to detect the presence of C. trachomatis antigen. Antigen positivity varied between 22-28 per cent. Children below 11 yr and people above the age of 60 yr showed comparatively higher antigen positivity (25.7 and 27.8%, r...
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2007
One component of control programmes to eliminate trachoma is the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. A diagnosis of trachoma is based on clinical grounds, but the signs of active trachoma do not always correlate with the presence of C. trachomatis. During a therapeutic trial, the level of C. trachomatis infection in children with active trachoma in Guinea and Pakistan was assessed using a qualitative commercially available PCR that targeted the C. trachomatis plasmid. The influence of the quality of specimens on the efficiency of the PCR was investigated using two quantitative real-time PCRs targeting the specific omp1 gene of C. trachomatis and human chromosomal DNA, respectively. C. trachomatis was detected in c. 23% of children (aged 1-10 years) who presented with clinically active trachoma. Controls showed that PCR-related problems did not influence this detection rate. For 14% of the positive samples, C. trachomatis was detected in only one eye, with a significantly lower mean load of bacteria. These results suggest that epidemiological and therapeutic surveys should be conducted by sampling and testing both eyes. Moreover, the high variability of the cell load observed in the conjunctival swabs suggests that the effectiveness of swabbing may be questionable.
APMIS, 1990
The relative value of culture, direct specimen antigen detection tests, i.e., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IF) tests in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was studied in 125 newborns and 121 adults with signs of conjunctivitis. Eye and nasopharyngeal samples were tested by culture using cycloheximide-treated or irradiated McCoy cells, ELISA (i.e., Chlamydiazyme, Abbott) and IF tests (i.e., Chlamyset, Orion and MicroTrak, Syva). Of the neonates, 70 (35 boys and 35 girls) and 54 (33 males and 21 females) of the adults were positive in one or both eyes in one or more tests: 191 (39%) in cultures, 173 (35%) in ELISA and 160 (33%), 176 (36%) in each of the IF tests. Using culture as standard reference, the sensitivities of ELISA and the IF tests were 88%, 81% and 87%, while the corresponding specificities were 99%, 98% and 97%, respectively. The predictive values for a negative test (PVN) were 93%, 89% and 92% and for a positive test (PVP) 98%, 96% and 94%. Of the 124 cases chlamydia-positive in the eyes, 67 (54%), 76 (61%), 64 (52%) and 70 (57%) were positive in nasopharyngeal samples in one or more of culture, ELISA and the two IF tests, respectively. The sensitivities of ELISA and the IF tests in nasopharyngeal samples were 87%, 78% and 81%, while the corresponding specificities were 90%, 93% and 91%, respectively. The predictive values for a negative (PVN) test were 95%, 92% and 93%, and for a positive test (PVP) 76%, 81%, and 77%. Nasopharyngeal swabs were more often positive in cases with 2 or more weeks' duration of symptoms than in those with shorter duration.
Pan African Medical Journal, 2014
Introduction: Trachoma is a leading cause of avoidable blindness and endemic conjunctivitis in 57 countries. It infects approximately 84 million people globally, and continues to threaten over 10 % of the world's population with the risk of blindness. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study assessing patients presenting with acute conjunctivitis. A full history was taken from patients followed by examination of both eyes. A conjunctival swab was taken and a sample of tears was collected and handled at the central laboratory unit at Kasr AlAiny hospital for culture and sensitivity of the swab and ELISA for tears searching for Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M of chlamydia trachomatis. Results: The prevalence of bacterial conjunctivitis encounted for 45.7% and non-bacterial 54.3 % of the studied group. The anti-chlamydial antibodies were positive in the tears of 31.1% of patients. While the other bacterial organisms responsible for 14.6%.Conclusion: The study concluded that trachoma accounts for one third of the cases of acute conjunctivitis while the other bacterial organisms responsible for about 14.6%. More than half of the cases have other causes as viral, allergic, mechanical or chemical induced conjunctivitis.
Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis and other potential pathogens in neonatal conjunctivitis
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2001
Objective: Ocular infection in neonatology is a permanent and important health problem. To improve primary attention, prevention, and control, the study of the potential bacterial etiology of all consecutive cases of conjunctivitis was incorporated as a regular procedure in primary care from July 1995 to December 1998. Materials and Methods: Prof. A. Posadas Hospital (Great Buenos Aires) has an average of 4294 births per year. This report analyzes the results obtained in 332 infants (age range, O-30 d) with conjunctivitis.Clinical conjunctivitis was diagnosed in inpatients and outpatients by the same specialized staff. Isolation and characterization of bacteria were done by conventional microbiologic methods, including specific search for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia trachomatis was studied by antigen immunodetection and polymerase chain reaction, and genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism.
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2003
Aims: To ascertain the prevalence of acute trachoma as a supposed endemic disease among infants in the Saharan refugee camps of Tindouf (Algeria) and to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with a single dose of azithromycin. Methods: 527 children aged between 3 and 17 were evaluated in the camp schools in October 2001. All the children were clinically and microbiologically examined, including slit lamp checks of anterior segment and two conjunctival swabs, one for the detection of membrane lipopolysaccharide by quick immunoassay test Clearview Chlamydia MF and the other for the detection of specific DNA by chlamydia plasmid specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. After examination, a single dose of azithromycin was administered to each child. One month later samples from positive children and 12 random negative children by the first PCR were taken to perform a new PCR assay. Results: Chlamydia trachomatis was suspected in 2.47% of the children, papillary hypertrophy being the most frequently seen clinical sign. Scarring changes secondary to trachoma were detected in 11.7% of the children. Only four cases (0.8%) were positive to the immunoassay test and 12 cases (2.27%) were positive by PCR. After treatment a second PCR was performed on positive children and they were negative of chlamydia DNA amplification. However, one child who was negative and received the treatment was positive in the second PCR assay. Conclusion: Acute trachoma prevalence is much lower than expected among infants in this Saharan population. The possible reasons could be the recent improvements in hygiene and health care. Cicatricial trachoma is more frequent. The Clearview immunoassay test has very low sensitivity in the detection of this disease. A single dose of azithromycin is sufficient to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis. However, a programme of improvement in hygiene and health care is necessary to prevent re-infection.
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1994
Cervical and ocular swabs from 100 mother/ newborn pairs delivering on the clinic service were assayed for Chlamydia trachomatis with standard McCoy cell culture and with stan dard and biotinylated polymerase chain reac tion techniques, using primers directed against the major outer membrane protein gene and C. trachomatis-speciüc cryptic plasmid, respectively. Using the polymerase chain reaction, 20 (20%) mothers and seven (7%) neonates were positive for Chlamydia. All neonates positive by polymerase chain reac tion were from mothers positive by polymer ase chain reaction, yielding a 35% transmis sion rate. Only five of 20 (25%) mothers and two of seven (28%) neonates positive by poly merase chain reaction were positive by cell culture. All cell culture samples were positive by polymerase chain reaction testing. Culture and polymerase chain reaction analysis two weeks after treatment with oral erythromycin were negative. The polymerase chain reaction assay appears to be equally specific and more sensitive than McCoy cell culture for the de tection of C. trachomatis from ocular speci mens.
Laboratory Approach To Chlamydia Trachomatis Conjunctivitis
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Abstract: It is a chronic follicular conjunctivitis. In Egypt, the high prevalence of trachoma represents a major cause of blindness especially in rural areas. The aim of this work is to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to evaluate the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in direct antigen ...