Agent-Based Decentralized Control Method for Islanded Microgrids (original) (raw)

Multiagent-Based Reactive Power Sharing and Control Model for Islanded Microgrids

—In islanded microgrids (MGs), the reactive power cannot be shared proportionally among distributed generators (DGs) with conventional droop control, due to the mismatch in feeder impedances. For the purpose of proportional reactive power sharing, a multiagent system (MAS)-based distributed control model for droop-controlled MGs is proposed. The proposed control model consists of two layers, where the bottom layer is the electrical distribution MG, while the top layer is a communication network composed of agents. Moreover, agents on the communication network exchange the information acquired from DGs with neighbors, and calculate set points for DGs they connect to, according to the control laws. Furthermore, a theorem is demonstrated , which yields a systematic method to derive the control laws from a given communication network. Finally, three cases are carried out to test the performance of the control model, in which the uncertainty of intermittent DGs, variations in load demands, as well as impacts of time delays are considered. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control model in proportional reactive power sharing, and the plug and play capability of the control model is also verified. Index Terms—Microgrids (MGs), multiagent system (MAS), distributed control, reactive power sharing, plug and play.

Multi-agent System for Decentralized Energy Management Approach in Collaborative Microgrids

2020

Microgrids contain different nanogrids with various power capacities and fluctuations in production. An overall strategy for managing power flow between all interconnected nanogrids is needed. This paper presents a multiagent system approach for energy management among different nanogrids constituting a microgrid. In this paper, using multiagent systems, the concept of collaborative microgrids with shareable resources is introduced. That allows the householders of an isolated district or community to collaborate and interact with eatch other in order to create a stable and proprietary microgrid. In addition, the proposed strategy emphasizes stockage decentralization, programming facilities for the designer. The results show that this approach is perfectly valid and can respond to most problems of centralized energy management systems while establishing a reliable and robust microgrid.

Intelligent Control System for Microgrids Using Multi-Agent System

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015

 Abstract--This paper presents an intelligent control of a microgrid in both grid-connected and islanded modes using the multi-agent system (MAS) technique. This intelligent control consists of three levels. The first level is based on local droop control, the second level compensates power balance between the supply and the demand optimally, and third level is at the system level based on electricity market. An intelligent multi-agent system was developed and implemented based on foundation for intelligent physical agents (FIPA) standards by representing each major autonomous component in the microgrid as an intelligent software agent. The agents interact with each other for making their own decisions locally and optimally. The coordination among the agents ensures power quality, voltage and frequency of the microgrid by determining the set points that optimize the overall operation of the microgrid. The proposed control architecture and strategies for the real-time control of microgrids were analyzed in detail, and tested under various load conditions and different network configurations. The outcomes of the studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control and strategies, as well as the capability of the multi-agent system technique for the operation of microgrids.

Advanced decentralized DER control for islanded microgrids

2014 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2014

Voltage and frequency regulations are main requirements for autonomous operation of an isolated microgrid with electronically interfaced distributed energy resource (DER) units. This paper presents a robust decentralized control design scheme for a multi-DER microgrid to enhance its voltage and frequency regulations. The proposed control scheme utilizes linear quadratic (LQ) decentralized control scheme to design controllers, which are robust to the uncertainty in the network and system nonlinearities. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through simulation on a test system, with complete nonlinear models, for large disturbances. It is found that the designed controller provides excellent performance during transient periods as well as restores the pre-disturbance steady-state operation within prescribed time frame.

Dual layered multi agent system for intentional islanding operation of microgrids

2012

The paper focuses on proposing a dual layered, multi agent based control system for distributed control of a microgrid aimed at intentional islanding. The architecture consists of two layers; primary layer and secondary layer. The primary layer includes a User agent, a Distributed Generator (DG) agent and a Control agent. The secondary layer consists of a Low Voltage (LV) agent and a Load agent. The Control agent is capable of supervising the secondary layer agents. The proposed multi agent based control architecture is developed using the JADE platform and it is used to control a microgrid simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, investigations are carried out for islanding scenarios simulated on the test network. The results of this study show the capability of developing a reliable control mechanism for islanding operation of microgrids based on the proposed concept.

An Enhanced Distributed State Feedback for Secondary Control in an Islanded Microgrid

International Journal of Industrial Electronics, Control and Optimization (IECO), 2022

This paper applies a new state feedback control to a distributed secondary voltage and frequency control in an islanded microgrid. The problem is focused on the output consensus of the multi-agent systems, which is converted to a first-order dynamic system. The inverter-based distributed generations play as agents in the proposed control strategy. It is assumed that the distributed generators communicate through a communication network modeled by a directed graph (digraph). The distributed output consensus is used to design the secondary controllers. Such innovative controllers synchronize distributed generators' output voltages and frequencies to their reference values by a novel state feedback approach. Compared to the existing consensus protocols, the proposed method provides a different innovative solution to the secondary voltage and frequency control of microgrids, which has a better response in case of communication failures. Finally, extensive and comparative simulations have been presented to verify the validity of the proposed control strategy and the system performance.

Control of a Micro-Grid Based on Distributed Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent System

2014

This paper focuses on proposing a multi agent system to control distributed in a microgrid aimed at intentional islanding and Load-Shedding. The multi agent system consists of three main agents such as Control, DER (Distribution Energy Resource) and Load agent. Each agent serves the different responsibility that will discuss in this paper. The proposed multi agent based control architecture is developed using the JADE platform and it is used to control a microgrid simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. To enable Microgrid model in Matlab/Simulink to exchange data with Multi-agent created under JADE Platform, the MACSimJX has been used. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, investigations are carried out for islanding scenarios simulated on the test network. The results of this study show the capability of developing a reliable control mechanism for islanding operation of microgrids based on the proposed concept.

Power Management in Islanded Microgrids Using Multi-Agent Systems

—This paper presents a power management strategy for islanded microgrids. The proposed strategy utilizes the Multi-Agent System (MAS) to perform the required tasks. The strategy is divided into two stages. The first stage is an operational planning stage which aims to optimize the operation of the microgrid in the islanded mode. This is achieved by performing Optimal Power Flow (OPF) periodically in the grid connected mode using a central agent. Once the islanded mode is detected, the results of the OPF are used to balance the operation of the microgrid. Several distributed agents along with the central agent aim to further fine tune the set points obtained from the OPF based on the actual operating conditions of the microgrid. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, four scenarios are simulated and presented.

A New Decentralized Robust Secondary Control for Smart Islanded Microgrids

Sensors

Dealing with the islanded operation of a microgrid (MG), the micro sources must cooperate autonomously to regulate the voltage and frequency of the local power grid. Droop controller-based primary control is a method typically used to self-regulate voltage and frequency. The first problem of the droop method is that in a steady state, the microgrid’s frequency and voltage deviate from their nominal values. The second concerns the power-sharing issue related to mismatched power line impedances between Distribution Generators (DGs) and MGs. A Secondary Control Unit (SCU) must be used as a high-level controller for droop-based primary control to address the first problem. This paper proposed a decentralized SCU scheme to deal with this issue using optimized PI controllers based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The GA provides the appropriate adjustment parameters for all adopted PI controllers in the primary control-based voltage and current control lo...