Comparison of the immediate, residual, and cumulative antibacterial effects of Novaderm R, Novascrub R, Betadine Surgical Scrub, Hibiclens, and liquid soap*1, *2, *3, *4 (original) (raw)
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Bactericidal effects of triclosan in soap both in vitro and in vivo
Objectives: On December 2013, the US FDA proposed a rule stating that manufacturers must provide data to demonstrate that antibacterial soap is more effective than plain soap or water. The objective of the present study was to examine the in vitro and in vivo bactericidal effect of triclosan (the most widely used antiseptic agent in soap) in soap. Methods: Twenty bacterial strains (proposed by the FDA) were exposed to plain and antibacterial soaps (the same formulation as plain soap, but containing 0.3% triclosan) for 20 s at 228C (room temperature) and 408C (warm temperature). The temperature and time were selected to simulate the hand washing conditions and procedures used by consumers. The triclosan concentration of 0.3% is the maximum allowed by law. The decontam-ination efficacy of plain soap and antibacterial soap was also examined in vivo: the hands of volunteers were artificially inoculated with Serratia marcescens. Results: There was no significant difference (P .0.05) in bactericidal activity between plain soap and antibacter-ial soap at either test temperature. However, antibacterial soap showed significantly greater bactericidal effects after 9 h. These results suggest that although triclosan-containing soap does have antibacterial activity, the effects are not apparent during the short time required for hand washing. Conclusions: Antibacterial soap containing triclosan (0.3%) was no more effective than plain soap at reducing bacterial contamination when used under 'real-life' conditions. The present study provides practical information that may prove useful for both industry and governments.
American Journal of Infection Control, 1999
The antibacterial efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and 1% triclosan as handwash antiseptics is well established. Few published studies have identified hand bacteria found in glove juice samples, and most studies have used nonclinical study subjects. We report a longitudinal comparative study to determine the effect of 4% CHG and 1% triclosan on the composition of the hand bacterial flora of clinical staff in a specialist surgical unit. Prehandwash and posthandwash samples were collected on 3 separate occasions throughout each day by using the glove juice method and a supervised handwashing technique. Total bacterial counts were determined as well as counts for specific pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms. Both 4% CHG and 1% triclosan were found to effectively reduce the total hand bacterial count preduty (P = .0001). Four percent CHG also was consistently more effective at reducing the total count than was 1% triclosan. However, 1% triclosan eliminated methicillin-resistant S aureus, whereas 4% CHG failed to do so (P = .0001). Gram-negative bacteria were more likely to be eliminated after the use of 4% CHG compared with 1% triclosan. This study is the first to report the effects of 1% triclosan on the bacterial flora present on the hands of clinical staff and demonstrates the ability of 1% triclosan to eliminate methicillin-resistant S aureus.
Epidemiology and Infection, 1987
SUMMARYThe degerming effect of a 3 min handwash with 2% triclosan, or 4% chlorhexidine, in detergent and enhanced efficacy of either antiseptic in isopropyl alcohol, was evaluated in volunteers. Handwashing with either antiseptic preparation reduced the normal flora by a factor of 10; alcohol rubbing by approximately a factor of 1000. Both regimens eliminatedMicrococcus roseus, artificially inoculated before every procedure. The sustained action of the same detergent preparations was further studied in gloved and ungloved hands by the Vinson's ‘finger imprint test’. In the gloved hand both antiseptics inhibitedStaphylococcus epidermidisfor 4 h. In the ungloved hand however, triclosan remained active longer than chlorhexidine. Whilst the activity of chlorhexidine was short-lived against a clinical isolate ofS. aureus, particularly in the ungloved hand, the sustained effect of triclosan against the same strain persisted for 4 h on either hand.
Efficacy of some medicated soaps and hand washes available in market
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2021
Background: Handwashing is underlined as the absolute most significant measure to forestall cross-transmission of small-scale life forms and consequently to forestall nosocomial contaminations. Be that as it may, under routine emergency clinic practice consistent with this measure is still unsatisfactorily low, under half in many investigations distributed in the previous 20 years. This consistent finding is stressing because ongoing investigations have demonstrated that this degree of consistency won't decrease the danger of transmission of multi- medicate safe microscopic organisms in the emergency clinics. Results: In the present investigation effect of marketed hand washed namely Lifebuoy, Dettol and Savlon were tested on bacteria E. coli, S.aureus, S.pyogen, Klebshiella and, fungi Candida albicans. All the handwash at concentrated level found to be effective but only Dettol hand wash could give inhibitory action at 25ug/ml against Klebshiella while others at50ug/ml. Conclus...
Relationship between Triclosan and Susceptibilities of Bacteria Isolated from Hands in the Community
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2004
The possible association between triclosan and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotic was examined among staphylococci and several species of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from the hands of individuals in a community setting. Hand cultures from individuals randomized to using either antibacterial cleaning and hygiene products (including a hand soap containing 0.2% triclosan) or nonantibacterial cleaning and hygiene products for a 1-year period were taken at baseline and at the end of the year. Although there was no statistically significant association between triclosan MICs and susceptibility to antibiotic, there was an increasing trend in the association the odds ratios (ORs) for all species were compared at baseline (OR = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.33 to 1.27) versus at the end of the year (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.62 to 1.97) and for GNB alone at baseline(OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.29 to 1.51) versus the end of year (OR = 2.69, 95%CI = 0.78 to 9.23) regardless of th...
Antibacterial Activity of Soaps Against Daily Encountered Bacteria
African Journal of …, 2009
This study aims to check the antibacterial activity of various branded soaps against bacteria that are normally present in the environment. The proposed study includes selection of most common bacterial strains from the environment. Identification of bacterial strains was done by ...
Handwashing with soap or alcoholic solutions? A randomized clinical trial of its effectiveness
American Journal of Infection Control, 1999
Background: The effectiveness of an alcoholic solution compared with the standard hygienic handwashing procedure during regular work in clinical wards and intensive care units of a large public university hospital in Barcelona was assessed. Methods: A prospective, randomized clinical trial with crossover design, paired data, and blind evaluation was done. Eligible health care workers (HCWs) included permanent and temporary HCWs of wards and intensive care units. From each category, a random sample of persons was selected. HCWs were randomly assigned to regular handwashing (liquid soap and water) or handwashing with the alcoholic solution by using a crossover design. The number of colony-forming units on agar plates from hands printing in 3 different samples was counted.
ANTISEPTIC SOAPS AND BODY CLEANSING AGENTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE NORMAL FLORA OF THE HUMAN SKIN
World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Science, 2021
Studies have shown that plain and antiseptic soaps are effective in keeping the skin from microbial contaminants. However, prolong use of antimicrobial soaps has been implicated with potential health challenges. This present research was carried out to determine the effects of some selected antiseptic soaps and cleansing agents on the bacterial flora of the skin based on its potential influence on the total aerobic bacterial flora on five skin sites. Based on treatment exposure, the result showed that subjects exposed to antiseptic soaps alone had mean aerobic bacterial count ranging from 137±40.0Cfu/cm2 to 461±75.51Cfu/cm2 . Furthermore, it was observed that individuals who were exposed to antiseptic soaps + cleansing agents had mean aerobic counts ranging from 90±50.83Cfu/cm2 to 307±83.93Cfu/cm2 , while the mean aerobic bacterial count from the control subjects ranged from 282±83.93Cfu/cm2 to 834±118.82Cfu/cm2 . ANOVA result revealed that there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean aerobic bacterial count across the treatment groups. Altogether 120 bacterial isolates were characterized from 180 subjects. Among them, 80 isolates (66.7%) were Gram positive while 40 isolates (33.3%) were Gram negative bacteria. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (35%) was the most dominant skin bacterial flora, followed by Coagulase positive Staphylococci (20%), Escherichia coli (16.7%), Bacillus spp (11.7%), Proteus spp (6.7%), Klebsiella (5.8%) and Pseudomonas spp (4.2%). This study reveals that antiseptic products should be carefully used because its over- utilization may reduce the resident skin flora, thereby creating a void for opportunistic organisms which could lead to several attendant skin and detrimental health effects.