An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurship in the Entrepreneurship Era (original) (raw)
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Social entrepreneurship is the use of the techniques by startup companies and other entrepreneurs to develop, fund and implement solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. For-profit entrepreneurs typically measure performance using business metrics like profit, revenues and increases in stock prices, but social entrepreneurs are either non-profits or blend for-profit goals with generating a positive "return to society" and therefore must use different metrics. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals often associated with the voluntary sector in areas such as poverty alleviation, health care and community development. This article builds on the literature to define social entrepreneurship, discusses the boundaries of sociallyoriented entrepreneurial activities, and positions the social entrepreneur in the spectrum of entrepreneurship.
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Nowadays Social Entrepreneurship attracts the attention of both academics and practitioners, as it is supported by the growth of the theoretical literature about the topic, as well as by the rise of new scientific and not scientific communities (Zahra et al., 2009; Chell, 2007; Wolstein, 2001). In spite of this, however, social entrepreneurship is a still misunderstood phenomenon, challenged by competing definitions and conceptual frameworks, gaps in the research literature, and limited empirical data (Mair & Marti, 2006; Nicholls, 2006). As Cukier et al. (2011) show, the available studies about social entrepreneurship lack for consistency in definitions and objects of focus, as well as for rigorous comparative analysis. In a content analysis of 567 unique articles concerning “social entrepreneur” or “social entrepreneurship”, the authors highlight the existing overlapping between and among different levels of analysis, including studies of individuals (micro), studies of organizations and processes (meso), and broader studies of the economic, political and societal context (macro). They also found that the majority of the journal articles focused are more theoretically grounded, than empirically based. Referring to its meaning, definitions of Social Entrepreneurship are often vague, covering a wide variety of activities and representing different models worldwide (Hogendoon and Hartog, 2011; Kerlin, 2009; Nicholls and Cho, 2006). The multiplicity of actors involved in innovative and social activities, as well as the variety of motives that lie upon their adoption (Baccarani and Pedrollo, 2015) also improve the complexity of the phenomenon. According to the above considerations, this special issue invites submissions and seeks papers belonging to the following topics: – empirical and conceptual papers investigating social entrepreneurship in an national and international contexts using multidisciplinary approaches, – tools and methods that may be undertaken to get social aims within the field of entrepreneurship – social entrepreneurship in both developing and developed nations, – drivers and opportunities of social entrepreneurship, – critical success factors and determinants of social entrepreneurship and its social impact, – intersection of management, business, and economics literature around social entrepreneurship. Other topics not included in the list, but relevant for the journal will be evaluated.
Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor
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The term bsocial entrepreneurshipQ (SE) is used to refer to the rapidly growing number of organizations that have created models for efficiently catering to basic human needs that existing markets and institutions have failed to satisfy. Social entrepreneurship combines the resourcefulness of traditional entrepreneurship with a mission to change society. One social entrepreneur, Ibrahim Abouleish, recently received the bAlternative Nobel PrizeQ for his Sekem initiative; in 2004, e-Bay founder Jeff Skoll donated 4.4 million pounds to set up a social entrepreneurship research center; and many social entrepreneurs have mingled with their business counterparts at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Social entrepreneurship offers insights that may stimulate ideas for more socially acceptable and sustainable business strategies and organizational forms. Because it contributes directly to internationally recognized sustainable development (SD) goals, social entrepreneurship may also encourage established corporations to take on greater social responsibility.