Toxicity and sub-lethal effect of endemic plants from family Anacardiaceae on oviposition behavior of Aedes albopictus (original) (raw)
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Bioscience Journal, 2015
In the search for alternative ways to control Aedes aegypti with minimal environmental impact and in a manner that preserves human health, this study sought to evaluate the larvicidal effect of the invasive and antioxidant Spermacoce latifolia plant by performing a phytochemical study. Phytochemical screenings were done according to characterization reactions and thin layer chromatography. Phenolics compounds content (Folin-Ciocalteu's) and flavonoids (AlCl 3 ) spectrophotometric was performed, and the antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemical results revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, steroid, free triterpene, coumarin, and alkaloid compounds. The content of total phenols (TPs) (482.7 ± 1.8 mg mgGA g -1 ) and flavonoids (165.4 ± 1.5 mg QE g -1 ) accounted for the antioxidant activity of 150 µg.mL -1 methanolic extract. In the proposed bioassays, groups of 25 third-stage larvae were challenged at diffe...
Laboratory Study on Larvicidal Activity of Different Plant Extractsagainst Aedes aegypti
2015
Background: Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin have been reported as useful for control of mosquitoes. Methodology: WHO standard larvicidal bioassay method was used and 30 late 3rd and early 4th instar larvae were subjected to four different concentrations i.e. 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% against test solutions which were made by using acetone as solvent. Mortality counts were made every 24 and 48 hours in each treatment. The LC50, LC99, standard error, fiducial limits at 95% confidence and regression equations were calculated. Results: The results showed neem and pine oil extract are best in terms of LC50 and LC99, with 100% mortality at 3% and 4% concentration after 24 hours. The trend with respect to LC50 and LC99 after 48 hours was Pine > Neem...
2020
The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural changes of Aedes aegypti larvae submitted to treatment with a product based on Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis oils and Carica papaya fermented extract. The larvae were exposed for 24h to the experimental groups: product formulated in concentrations of 50% (G1), 25% (G2), and 12.5% (G3); and negative control groups based on water (CN1) and dimethyl sulfoxide (CN2). By the end of the experimental period, some larvae were fixed in 4% buffered glutaraldehyde solution to be processed for optical microscopy. Larvae exposed to G2 and G3 presented more structural damage of the mesentery, Malpighi tubules and nerve ganglia. We conclude that the product formulated in 12.5% and 25% concentrations can be used in the population control of the 3rd larvae stage of Aedes aegypti by causing lethal injuries and avoiding the larvae development.
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
Introduction: Despite their widespread usage, synthetic insecticides and larvicides are harmful for controlling disease-causing mosquitoes owing to the development of resistance. The leaves of Eugenia astringens, Myrrhinium atropurpureum, and Neomitranthes obscura were collected from Marambaia and Grumari restingas. The safety and larvicidal efficacy of their extracts were tested against Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti L. and Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax Kollar. Methods: The dry leaves were subjected to static maceration extraction using 90% methanol. A. aegypti and S. pertinax larvae were exposed to 7.5, 12.5, and 25.0 µL/mL of the extracts (n= 30). The larvicidal activity after 24 h and 48 h, and the mortality, were determined. The median lethal concentration (CL 50) was estimated by a Finney's probit model. Results: M. atropurpureum and E. astringens extracts exhibited the strongest larvicidal effects against A. aegypti. M. atropurpureum extracts (25 µL/mL) caused mortalities of over 50% and 100% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively (CL 50 = 11.10 and 9.68 ppm, respectively). E. astringens extracts (25 µL/mL) caused mortalities of 50% and 63.33% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. High concentrations of N. obscura extracts induced a maximum mortality of 46.66% in A. aegypti larvae after 48 h (CL 50 = 25 ppm). The larvae of S. pertinax showed 100% mortality following exposure to all the plant extracts at all the tested concentrations after 24 h. Conclusions: The extracts of M. atropurpuerum exhibited the strongest larvicidal activity against A. aegypti. The larvae of S. pertinax were sensitive to all the extracts at all the tested concentrations. Keywords: Alternative chemical control. Plant extracts. Larvicide. Mosquitocide. Plant natural products. Sandy coastal plains. 4/8 FIGURE 2: (a) Map of the Santo Aleixo River, "Andorinhas" (orange) indicates the collection area for S. pertinax. (b) S. Aleixo River. Program ArcMap 10.6. FIGURE 3: Equipment used for transporting the simuliid larvae and performing bioassays with the plant extracts.
2010
The potency of petroleum ether leaf extracts of A. indica (Juss), O. gratissimum (L.) and H. suavoelens (L.) Poit as mosquito larvicides under laboratory conditions was investigated. Leaf extracts of test plants were extracted, distillated and evaporated using soxhlet apparatus. Twenty five larvae of culex mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations and observed over 24 hr for susceptibility. 100% mortality was achieved by A. indica at concentrations 40% and 35% and O. gratissimum at concentration of 50% after 24hrs while H. suaveolens at 60% which showed no significant effect as mosquito larvicide (P≤0.05). At concentration of 30% of each extract, mortality rate dropped to 96%, 99.2% and 1.34% for A. indica, O. gratissimum and H . suaveolens respectively. LD50 values of 14.3, 11.40 and 66.83 for A. indica , O. gratissimum and H. suaveoleus were obtained. Mortality rate over second and third hours were significantly lower (p< 0.05) and after 24hrs of exposure, no sign...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2015
Background & objectives: Screening of crude extracts of plants facilitates the establishment of highly effective extract for mosquito control. This practice should be preferred before in depth study of plant extracts rather than spending much efforts and energy in detailed examinations for practically ineffective extracts. In this study, leaf powders of four weed plants were used for the quick screening of effective plant extract as larvicide against III instar larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse. At the same time, effect of different seasons on the larvicidal efficacy of plants and selection of proper solvents for further investigation were also studied. Methods: Leaves of Vernonia cinerea, Prosopis juliflora, Hyptis suaveolens and Malvastrum coromandelianum plants were collected in summer, winter and rainy seasons from Madhya Pradesh region (India). To assess the larvicidal efficacy the suspensions of leaf powders in different solvents (isopropanol, methanol, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide and water) were used for larvicidal bioassay. The mortality counts were made after 24 h and the LC 50 and LC 90 values were calculated. Results: Results showed that leaf powder of V. cinerea in acetone collected during summer showed highest efficacy with LC 50 value of 0.22 g/l and LC 90 of 0.96 g/l followed by methanolic solution of P. juliflora with LC 50 of 0.44 g/l and LC 90 value as 1.85 g/l. Amongst all solvents, leaf powder in acetone; while among seasons, summer collected plant materials were found to be more effective larvicides as compared to others. Interpretation & conclusion: Summer and winter collected leaves of V. cinerea and P. juliflora dissolved in the solvents of medium polarity range showed significant larval toxicity and thus suggests a detailed study on these plants as potential larval control agents.
The use of botanicals as an alternative to the chemical compounds is gaining tremendous momentum because of its multifarious advantages. In view of its increasing interest, an attempt was made in the present study to assess the larvicidal potential of important plant like Ocimum sanctum against three mosquito species. The third instar larvae were exposed to different concentrations (i.e. 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) of methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of O. sanctum plant. The mortality was recorded after 24 hrs exposure and LC 50 and LC 90 were determined. The present investigation revealed that the LC 50 and LC 90 values methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of O. sanctum against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were 101.32, 112.18 and 120.87 mg/L; 182.32, 193.96 and 202.61 mg/L, respectively. The results clearly show that larvicidal activity was dose reliant. The highest larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus was obtained with methanol extract of O. sanctum.
An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of nine medicinal plant extracts at two concentrations viz., 2% and 4% against larval motility and egg hatching of Meloidogyne graminicola causing root-knot disease in rice under in vitro condition. The plant extracts viz., Bhang (Cannabis spp.), Guldaudi (Chrysanthemum spp.), Malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Kaner (Nerium oleander), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Bhringraj (Eclipta prostrate), Peach (Prunus persica) and Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) tested in this study. All the tested plant extracts increased the larval mortality and reduced the egg hatching of M. graminicola. Among the tested plant extracts maximum larval mortality (11.65%) was recorded in Bhringraj (E. prostrate) and minimum (70.00%) egg hatching in Neem (A. indica) at 2% concentration after 72 hr of inoculation. While, at 4% concentration maximum larval mortality (48.35 %) and minimum egg hatching (53.35%) was recorded in Neem (A. indica) leaf extract after 72 hr of inoculation.