Gentrification Indicators in the Historic City of Cairo (original) (raw)
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Adapting Geographies of Gentrification in Egypt: Lesson Learned from Fatimid Cairo and Heliopolis
Conservation of Architectural Heritage, 2019
Since the 1960s, gentrification has been confused with other urban notions such as upgrading and renewal, regardless of its economic and political perspectives, whereas it has been processing and evolving in urban neighborhoods, especially in the Western countries such as the USA and the UK, away from the developing countries. It took place also in other countries outside the core cities of gentrification. Researchers and urban planners agreed that to re-energize the study of gentrifi-cation is to focus on its 'geographies' which are super-gentrification, third-world immigration-the global city, black/ethnic minority gentrification-race and gen-trification, and livability/urban policy. To this point, the cultural diversity was omitted from the geography of gentrification, something that this paper will try to elaborate on and identify. Due to sociocultural differences between gentrification taking place in the developed world and that happening in the developing countries, the research suggests adding two new categories to the geographies of gentrification to reflect the specificities of Egypt. For instance, gentrification in Egypt is driven by other geographies of gentrification, namely historical-tourism gentrification and contracting/real estate gentrifi-cation. Thus, monitoring, observation, and analyzing of Heliopolis and Fatimid Cairo will be used to achieve the paper's main objective; to adapt the gentrification process with the Egyptian case studies, and to fill the gap in the gentrification literature regarding the geographies of gentrification in developing countries, the theme that will establish a new level of gentrification and open new field of research in Egypt. Therefore, urban planning will have a different valid scope in Egypt and provide decision makers with a new tool to develop and maintain the urban planning approaches in Egypt.
Applying the Gentrification Indicators in Heliopolis District
Conservation of Architectural Heritage, 2019
Five decades since the word “gentrification” was coined in 1964, academics have approached gentrification as a haphazard process. From the turn of the twenty-first century, gentrification is not perceived as a haphazard process but rather a planned, well-defined and organized process. It has been recognized that gentrification does not proceed the same everywhere. While urban neighborhoods are exposed to gentrification, physical, economic, social and cultural changes take place. Gentrification can also proceed reversely that is called as “degentrification.” There is a common agreement between scholars and practitioners that gentrification leads to the improvement of urban life, facilitates urban neighborhoods and reducing the likelihood of future demolition and provides a practical solution for deteriorated neighborhoods, but it has also some negative consequences; the most significant is displacement. This paper deals with the problem of what so-called geography of gentrification, which suggests need to understand the dilemma of how gentrification evolves and develops within neighborhoods in different cities. Moreover, this paper explores the application of the gentrification indicators on Heliopolis district in Cairo in order to understand the process of gentrification.
New Cairo's Urban Dynamics: Redefining Gentrification as a Main Actor of Social Resilience
This paper introduces a new attempt to redefine and re-understand the term of gentrification and its main role in social resilience. Social resilience is a must in order to achieve urban sustainability. However, New Cairo's urban dynamics implicate a new form of "gentrification", that could be described differently (commercial, social or urban) and controversially (positive or negative). This new ongoing process will threat eventually its "social resilience" by creating social polarization and loss of identity. In order to apprehend this new redefinition of gentrification in relation to social resilience, we will focus on the changes that are taking place in New Cairo's real estate market and urbanization trends as well as their reverberation on both the urban and social sustainability.
A comparative study of planned and spontaneous gentrification processes
Open House International, 2014
This study worked on a comparison between Cihangir and Tarlabasi gentrification processes. The dynamics of Cihangir’s gentrification process is analyzed with its relations that is opposing with Tarlabasi gentrification process. In addition to this comparison, Interpretations on gentrification will be carried out through this paper. First, the study analyzed the dynamics of the gentrification process in Cihangir, Istanbul (Turkey), to determine the extent of the change during this process. Determining the characteristics of the Cihangir neighborhood, which distinguish Cihangir from other gentrified urban areas, is another aspect of this study. Cihangir is currently undergoing the transformation of, revolution in, and renovation of land and buildings known as gentrification. Cihangir’s gentrification process is affected by socio-economic and socio-cultural transformations. This paper examines gentrification in the Cihangir neighborhood, which has occurred spontaneously and also supporting social diversity as opposed to being planned and erasing the social diversity, as occurs in many urban areas. Although Istanbul’s Tarlabasi area has geophysical characteristics that closely resemble those of Cihangir, Tarlabasi exhibits a completely different gentrification process, which is a planned gentrification. In relation with the context of this study, scholars question whether gentrification is “erasing the social geography of urban land, and unique architectural pattern,” or if gentrification represents “the upgrading, renaissance of the urban land.” (Smith, 1996)
Gentrification in a globalising world, case study: Istanbul
Proceedings book (abstract) , 2007
Today, there is a tendency to regenerate the historical cores of many cities in different locations of the world. Nevertheless, the efforts of their rehabilitations frequently bring a serious problem of gentrification of the neighbourhood which result in the changing of the inhabitants involuntarily. “Gentrification” in a large scale may surely be regarded as an inevitable fact related with the capitalist restructuring systems of the world. Many cities located on different territories of the world with variable economical, political and social characteristics come face to face with this reality in relationship with how much the city is open to globalising currencies. On the other hand, gentrification could be considered as a ‘place’ related fact. Although it should be regarded as an international reality, gentrification of the dilapidated historic neighbourhoods in different cities of the world may surprisingly show different responds compared to eachother. In this paper, examples of gentrification period from a metropolitan city, Istanbul will be given to clarify this diversity in regard with socio-economical and cultural aspects of this fact. This paper aims to give an overall picture of gentrification movements affected by the local parameters which are special only for this city; the differences occured in different neighbourhoods and the innovatives which give a start to this period beginning from 1980’s. Within this frame, other examples rather than the general negative ones which unfortunately rule this change will be studied. In our opinion, these ‘other’ examples rise new hopes for the future of gentrification in Istanbul by including the inhabitants of the neighbourhoods to this period that may result in a more sustainable way of life.
Does Gentrification Displace the Urban Poor? The Case of Bursa, Turkey
Gentrification is probably the most debated category of all the urban renewal strategies. This is because, as a consequence of the gentrification process, there is a possibility that social change may occur that may lead to changes in the social pattern (Ball, 2002, p.833). This possibility is, for some, an inevitable consequence and for some others a case to be approached with relativity. Our stance in this study is that local conditions, such as cultural or historical capital, should be taken into consideration not only due to their formation but also to their consequences. In this regard, the goal of the study is to identify whether the urban renewal observed in the Tophane Hisar district in Bursa, one of the historical cities in Turkey, could be analyzed through the concept “gentrification”. In addition, if it could, what will its scope be? And is the displacement of the urban poor by gentrification an issue for this district? Keywords: Gentrification, urban poor, neighborhood, displacement, ownership change.
Gentrification in Question: The Case of Bursa, Turkey
2010
Gentrification can be interpreted as a return of the affluent people to the city. This process is supported by authorities both due to the contributions it could make to the city in many ways. The studies concentrating on the subjective and cultural motives prioritize the characteristics that can be called "positive attributes" of gentrification in general, such as the conservation of the historical architecture by the renewal efforts as a positive outcome. While accepting the advantages provided by the gentrification for urban renewal, it can be claimed that it brings about social problems. The opportunity of cheap housing in the city center is lost as a consequence of the gentrification, and therefore the low-income groups holding jobs in the center are forced to move to distant locations. In this scope, the goal of the study is to identify whether the urban renewal observed in the Tophane, Hisar district in Bursa, one of the historical cities in Turkey, could be analyzed through the concept "gentrification".
Cities, 2004
With changes in the political and economic world order as well as in the development of foreign commercial relations of Turkey, the country's major cities entered a process of change during the 1980s, most notably in the location and use of some of the residential areas of Istanbul. While these areas of middle and high-income groups moved to the periphery of the city, the residences in the older and more central settlements have been frequently changing hands. Some buildings in the central areas of the city have been restored and are now used by people of upper social classes, income groups, cultures and lifestyles. This process is known as gentrification.
Introduction: towards a C21st global gentrification studies
Handbook of Gentrification Studies
This Handbook surveys the contemporary state of play of the gentrification studies literature, a body of work that now dominates both the sub-discipline of urban geography and also urban studies more generally. It does not set out to rehearse previous debates on the definition of 'gentrification' nor does it rehearse the well-worn battlegrounds over explanations (on these see Lees, Slater and Wyly, 2008, 2010); rather this book is a collection of chapters by both long-standing and up-and-coming researchers on gentrification that represents the latest in global thinking on this process. It provides critical reviews and appraisals of the current state of, and future development of, conceptual and theoretical approaches, as well as empirical knowledge and understanding in gentrification studies. It also seeks to encourage dialogue across disciplinary boundaries, for the contributors sit in and work across geography, sociology, anthropology, planning, policy, law, and so on. The book is divided into 5 parts: Part 1 looks at recent attempts to extend and rethink gentrification as a planetary process and condition, drawing on the 'new' comparative urbanism; and a more 'earthly' take that replaces old style complementarity in gentrification studies with relationalism. Part 2 reviews the key/core concepts that have dominated gentrification studies to date, including class, landscape, rent gaps, and displacement; adding spatial capital to this list, updating them conceptually and globalizing them. Part 3 looks at other social cleavages in addition to social class, including sexualities, age, ethnicity and gender, providing ideas on future research trajectories. The cross-cutting of social cleavages in addition to social class needs fresh and deeper empirical investigation; this book seeks to instigate such an agenda. Part 4 looks at some of the different types of gentrification, including slum gentrification, new-build gentrification, public housing gentrification, tourism gentrification, retail gentrification, gentle/soft gentrification, environmental/green gentrification, the cultural economy and gentrification, and wilderness/ rural gentrification. These types of gentrification all deserve attention in their own right but can also be read together. Part 5 contains chapters on living and resisting gentrification. Unlike in most gentrification books, this part takes seriously the complexities of living with gentrification, resistance to gentrification (all types and levels of resistance) but also key to this resistance-possible alternatives to gentrification. Here readers will find some of the most comprehensive reviews of resistance in the literature to date and real attempts to find alternatives to gentrification. Although the key users of the book are likely to be advanced undergraduates, postgraduate students, and international scholars of gentrification, the chapters also have real purchase for policy makers, planners, housing activists, and indeed everyday people for whom gentrification is an issue. It is now over 50 years since the British sociologist Ruth Glass coined the term 'gentrification' in 1964.