Correlation and path analysis of selected traits under spot blotch infected condition in CIMMYT germplasm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L (original) (raw)
Related papers
Field Based Assessment of Spot Blotch (Bipolaris Sorokiniana) Disease of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L)
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.9\_Issue.8\_Aug2022/IJRR-Abstract76.html, 2022
Wheat, the third major staple crop of Nepal has suffered from many diseases. Various diseases are the major limiting factors of considerable wheat production, one of them is Spot blotch. Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a major disease of wheat in warm and humid regions of Nepal. The fungus has a worldwide distribution but as a pathogen, it is the most aggressive under the conditions of high relative humidity and temperature associated with the low fertility of soils in South Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia. The yield loss due to the disease is very significant in Nepal. This experiment was conducted to identify the genotypes having a good level of resistance against spot blotch. The experiment set was received from CIMMYT comprises 52 entries and arranged in alpha lattice design with two replications in 2017/18 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Each plot size was 8 rows of 2 meters long. Three times disease scoring was done in the double-digit method and calculated the Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Heading days, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike (NGPS), number of tillers per meter square (NTPM), mean AUDPC, thousand-grain weight (TGW), and grain yield were found highly significant. The genotype 8HLBSN24 was found the highest yielder (4999kg/ha) with a 208 mean AUDPC value. The grain yield and mean AUDPC was a strong negative correlation (-0.96). However, NGPS and NTPM found a positive correlation to grain yield.
Plant Physiology Reports, 2020
Wheat is the second largest consuming crop in the world. The yield attributes are hit by many biotic as well as abiotic stress for this crop. Spot blotch which is caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, a major disease infests into this crop. This fungus flourishes in the humid conditions and mostly affects the Indo-Gangetic plain area. So we have done this extensive research to characterize the fungus and its pathogenicity. The experiment was laid out into Randomized Block Design with three replications to screen the genotype under field conditions for spot blotch susceptibility in the Rabi season of 2016-2017 at Borlaug Institute for South Asia. The greenish grey group had a maximum frequency of 31.25 among all the isolates in the natural population. Radial growth was maximum in RAU-GTL-34 (40.66 mm) having cottony growth pattern and dull white with rings like marking. The mean pathogenicity value showed that isolates were more pathogenic on Sonalika (3.7) than Chiriya 3 (2.5). Colony color and level of exudations were also observed to be related to the level of pathogenicity and aggressiveness. Area under disease progress curve of isolates on Chirya 3 varied from 198.77 (white group) to 730.25 (black group) in both natural and polyhouse condition, while for Sonalika it varied from 458.02 (white group) to 134.83 (black group) in natural condition, whereas from 458.02 (white group) to 1374.07 (black group) in polyhouse condition. Fungus specific primer Cos A_F/R was identified for all isolates as B. sorokiniana. Two Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primer gave a total of 22 alleles out of which twelve were monomorphic and ten were polymorphic with an average of eleven alleles per loci. The Polymorphism Information Content values varied from 0.884 to 0.915 with an average of 0.88. PCR-RFLP analysis gave a total sixty-six allele out of which thirty unique alleles and thirty-six shared alleles with an average of 7.3 alleles per loci in both the region. The Polymorphism Information Content values varied from 0.331 (ITS-2 and Hinf-I) to 0.809 (ITS-2 and Hind III). Pair-wise genetic similarity coefficients widely varied from 0.54 to 1.0 indicating similarity among the isolates.
Estimation of yield loss at different disease levels of spot blotch of wheat in Bihar
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2018
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the oldest and most important cereal crop. It is the second important staple cereal food in India after rice and has played vital role in stabilizing the food grain production in the country. Wheat crop is affected by many fungal diseases. Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, a hemibiotrophic, phytopathogenic fungus is one of them and prevalent in warmer and humid wheat growing regions. An experiment was conducted in field condition at University farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, pusa to estimate the yield losses due to spot blotch. Findings of present investigations revealed that yield loss due to spot blotch of wheat varies between 7 to 30 per cent and loss in 1000-grain weight between 3 to 23 per cent, depending upon the levels of disease in Bihar.
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.9\_Issue.8\_Aug2022/IJRR-Abstract79.html, 2022
Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a major disease of wheat in warm and humid regions of Nepal. The fungus has a worldwide distribution but as a pathogen, it is the most aggressive under the conditions of high relative humidity and temperature associated with the low fertility of soils in Nepal. The yield loss due to the disease is very significant in Nepal. This experiment was conducted to identify the genotypes having a good level of resistance against spot blotch. The experiment set was received from CIMMYT comprises 52 entries and arranged in alpha lattice design with two replications in 2017/18 at National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa, Nepal, and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Each plot size was 8 rows of 2 meters long. Three times disease scoring was done in the double-digit method and calculated the Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Other data were analyzed by using R software (4.2.2). Heading days, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike (NGPS), number of tillers per meter square (NTPM), mean AUDPC, thousand-grain weight (TGW), and grain yield were found highly significant. The genotype 8HLBSN47 was found the highest yielder (4996kg/ha) with a 304 mean AUDPC value. Seventeen genotypes (15.3%) found the lowest mean AUDPC, Penultimate leaf AUDPC, Flag leaf AUDPC, and the highest number of tillers per square meter, number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield.
Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2020
Spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) is a major disease of wheat in warm, humid wheat-growing regions. The aim of present study was to evaluate the infection symptomology and disease severity to different wheat varieties under laboratory condition. A total of ten wheat genotypes including RR-21 (a susceptible check) and Aditya (a resistant check), were evaluated for seedling stage resistance to spot blotch disease through artificial inoculation under laboratory condition at Gokuleswor, Baitadi during 2018. Based on disease severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), Aditya was found resistant and RR-21 was found susceptible The tested genotypes were categorized on the basis of total AUDPC value, where Banganga, BL4341, BL4407 and local genotype were moderately resistant, BL-4406, NL-1190, NL-297 and NL-971 were found moderately susceptible to spot blot at seedling stage. The susceptible check, RR-21 had the highest disease severity (44%) as well as mean AUDPC value (51.38).
Spot blotch in wheat (Bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.emend Fiori & Paol., durum wheat T. durum Derf, Khapli wheat T. dicoccum Schubl.) is mainly caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana Boerma (Sacc.) in India and neighbouring south Asian countries and capable of causing losses in yield up to 50 % in susceptible varieties as well as results poor grain quality. A total of 560 blighted leaf samples of wheat were collected from all over the India and cultures were broadly grouped in to 13 from BS 1-BS 13. The single spore cultures were later inoculated on seedlings of a differential set of genotypes, Sonalika, GW 322, HD 2733, PBW 34 and HPW 184 and incubated at 24+10C at 85-95% humidity inside polyhouse for two weeks. The host pathogen interaction was measured by taking record on incubation period, infection response (IR), number of lesions on flag-2 leaf, necrotic area developed and terminal disease severity. The differences were observed at pathogenic level also amongst isolates. Most virulent isolate was BS 4 from Faizabad in North - eastern plains zone, which produced susceptible type of infection response even on resistant genotype. It is thus concluded that 13 different types of isolates exists in case of B. sorokiniana in India.
Spot blotch disease of wheat -a new thrust area for sustaining productivity
J. Wheat Res., 2013
Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a major disease of wheat in warm and humid regions of the world including South East Asian countries such as India, Nepal and Bangladesh. The fungus has a worldwide distribution but as a pathogen it is the most aggressive under the conditions of high relative humidity and temperature associated with the low fertility of soils in South Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia. The yield loss due to the disease is very significant especially in North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) of India, Nepal Terai and North Western Bangladesh. Early symptoms are characterized by small, dark brown lesions ranging 1 to 2 millimeter long without chlorotic margin. In susceptible genotypes, these lesions extend very quickly in oval to elongated blotches, light brown to dark brown in colour. They may reach several centimeters before coalescing and inducing the death of the leaf. The pathogen has morphological and molecular variations among the isolates. Ideal conditions for spot blotch development on the leaves are relative humidity of near 95 per cent with an average temperature in the coolest month above 17°C and long periods (more than 12 to 18 hours) of leafs wetness caused by rainfall, irrigation, fog or dew. Recently a number of genotypes have been identified as donors for improving host resistance. The best way to control spot blotch is through an integrated approach including varietal replacement, agronomic management and need based application of fungicides. The use of molecular tools in identifying QTLs for spot blotch resistance, pathogenic variability and exercising marker assisted selection has good scope for effective management of this pathogen for ensuring food security in the world.
Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2013
Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum spp.) in warm and humid wheat growing regions of the world. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) in field experiment was used to find out the role of total phenol content (TPC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and lignin deposition in the development of slow blight. Ten recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of spring wheat obtained from the cross between the susceptible parent 'Sonalika' and the resistant parent 'Yangmai 6' along with their parental genotypes were scored for disease severity (DS), AUDPC and lesion size in a field experiment on spot blotch. These lines were also evaluated for TPC, PAL and lignin deposition. The minimum DS, AUDPC and lesion size were recorded in the resistant parent 'Yangmai 6' (13%, 116.04 and 0.23 cm 2 , respectively) and RILs (18%, 113.3 and 0.27 cm 2 , respectively in RIL83 and RIL89) which associated with an elevated level of phenol content (395 mg g -1 fresh weight (wt) at 48 hours after inoculation (hai), PAL (928.41 μmoles cinnamic acid (cna) mg -1 fresh wt) and higher quantity of lignin (84%). While DS, AUDPC and lesion size were comparatively higher in the susceptible parent 'Sonalika' as well as susceptible RILs (100%, 938.27 and 3.43 cm 2 , respectively). Mean TPC (133.5 mg g -1 fresh wt 24 hai, respectively), PAL (248.8 μmoles cna mg -1 fresh wt) and lignin (10%) were significantly lower in the susceptible genotype 'Sonalika' and suscptible RILs. The study indicated that enhanced level of TPC, PAL and higher lignin deposition led to the development of slow blighting of spot blotch in terms of lower AUDPC and smaller lesion size in resistant RILs of wheat.