Changes in lifestyle habits and behaviours are associated with weight loss maintenance in members of a commercial weight loss organisation (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2012
Background: Research suggests that the interaction between biological susceptibility and environmental risk is complex and that further study of behavioral typologies related to obesity and associated behaviors is important to further elucidate the nature of obesity risk and how to approach it for intervention. The current investigation aims to identify phenotypical lifestyle patterns that might begin to unify our understanding of obesity and obesity related behaviors. Methods: Individuals who had recently lost substantial weight of their own initiative completed measures of intentional weight control behaviors and lifestyle behaviors associated with eating. These behaviors were factor analyzed and the resulting factors were examined in relation to BMI, recent weight loss, diet, and physical activity.
The correlates of long term weight loss: a group comparison study of obesity
OBJECTIVE: Although the majority of weight loss attempts are unsuccessful, a small minority succeed in both weight loss and maintenance. The present study aimed to explore the correlates of this success. METHOD: A group comparison design was used to examine differences between women who were classi®ed as either weight loss maintainers (had been obese (body mass index, BMI 30 kgam 2 ) and had lost weight to be considered non-obese (BMI`30 kgam 2 ) and maintained this weight loss for a minimum of 3 y; n 44), stable obese (maintained an obese weight (BMI 30 kgam 2 ) for longer than 3 y; n 58), and weight loss regainers (been obese (BMI 30 kgam 2 ), lost suf®cient weight to be considered non-obese (BMI`30 kgam 2 ) and regained it (BMI 30 kgam 2 ), n 40). In particular, the study examined differences in pro®le characteristics, historical factors, help-seeking behaviours and psychological factors. RESULTS: The results showed that in terms of pro®le and historical factors, the weight loss maintainers had been lighter, were currently older and had dieted for longer than the other groups but were matched in terms of age, class and ethnic group. In terms of help-seeking behaviours, the weight loss maintainers reported having tried healthy eating more frequently but were comparable to the other subjects in terms of professionals contacted. Finally, for psychological factors the weight loss maintainers reported less endorsement for medical causes of obesity, greater endorsement for psychological consequences and indicated that they had been motivated to lose weight for psychological reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss and maintenance is particularly correlated with a psychological model of obesity. This has implications for improving the effectiveness of interventions and the potential impact of current interest in medical approaches to obesity.
Predictors of Successful Weight Loss Maintenance: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014
Individuals successful at weight loss maintenance (WTLM) utilize similar behaviors but in varying amounts and combinations. Research identifying characteristics which predict WTLM success could be used to develop effective WTLM treatment programs. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to determine behavioral (e.g., self monitoring of dietary intake) and biological factors (e.g., sex) which may influence WTLM success. Methods: In a previously conducted 12-month WTLM study, weight-reduced middle-aged and older men and women (n = 39) were assigned behavioral goals and asked to daily self-monitor body weight, fruit and vegetable intake, water consumption, and physical activity. This investigation utilized a crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to characterize individuals' weight changes and behaviors. Sex difference in clinically significant weight loss (WL) (≥5% WL) at 12 months was investigated, and growth curve models estimated interaction effects between sex and WTLM predictors. Results: QCA findings suggest patterns of weight change during the initial three months of WTLM treatment may dictate 12-month weight outcomes. No sex difference was found in clinically significant WL or in the interaction of sex and behaviors on weight change. Conclusions: WTLM treatments should provide more intensive support during transition from WL to WTLM, particularly during the first three months.
Key modifiable factors in weight maintenance: Fat intake, exercise, and weight cycling
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1994
Objective This 6-to 42-month follow-up study of a 6-month worksite weight control intervention examined predictors of weight maintenance, with a focus on those that could be modified. Subjects Twenty-nine participants, 14 men and 15 women, from a behavior modification program completed follow-up measurements. Main outcome measures Height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, food and beverage intake from a 3-day food record, weight history, social support and physical activity were the main outcome measures. Results One third of the participants maintained their weight losses within 2 kg at follow-up, although all had higher relative weights at follow-up than immediately after the program. High daily fat consumption (r=.40) and reduced time in physical activity (r=.34) correlated with increased relative weight at follow-up (P<.05). Application Because previous weight cycling was so strongly related to weight loss maintenance (r=.55), potential weight program participants should learn and practice the weight maintenance behaviors of reduced dietary fat and regular exercise, independently of and before weight reduction attempts. JAm Diet Assoc. 1994; 94:409-413.
Journal of behavioral medicine, 2016
To describe key behaviors reported by participants in the Portuguese Weight Control Registry and to determine associations between these behaviors and weight loss maintenance. A total of 388 adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Assessments included demographic information, weight history, weight loss and weight maintenance strategies, dietary intake, and physical activity. Participants lost on average 18 kg, which they had maintained for ~28 months. Their average dietary intake was 2199 kcal/day, with 33 % of energy coming from fat. About 78 % of participants engaged in levels of moderate-plus-vigorous physical activity exceeding 150 min/week (51 % above 250 min/week), with men accumulating 82 more minutes than women (p < 0.05). The most frequently reported strategies for both weight loss and maintenance were keeping healthy foods at home, consuming vegetables regularly, and having daily breakfast. Greater weight loss maintenance was associated with higher levels of...
Impact of a weight management programme on the dietary habits of non-pregnant women
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2018
Weight loss maintenance and preventing weight regain leads to health improvements (1,2). There is evidence that a healthy diet with fewer energy dense foods leads to weight loss and sustaining behaviour change is likely to be achieved by habit-based interventions (3,4). Eating breakfast is one of the habits associated with weight loss maintenance (5). This study investigates the effects of a weight management programme on weight loss and changes in dietary habits. Data was collected in the UK between May-November 2016. An online survey, hosted by Slimming World (SW), was completed by female members (19-49 years) who had recently joined the programme. The questionnaire included before joining (T0) and current data (T1): weight, height, validated food frequency and dietary habits questionnaire. 12 weeks (T2) later, the same participants were invited to complete a second survey with the same questions. 543 eligible participants completed the first questionnaire (T0 and T1), and 74 the second questionnaire (T2). Mean BMI decreased from 35•0 (±7•1) to 34•1 (±6•9) from T0 to T1 (p < •001) and to 31•0 (±7•2) at T2 (p < •001). Data from the dietary habits questionnaire showed the percentage of participants who reported always (4 to7 times/week) having breakfast increased from T0 to T1 (p < •001) with no significant difference between T1 and T2 (50•8 %, 83•6 % and 80•6 %). Whilst around two-thirds of the participants (69•4 %) reported they usually ate bread or toast at breakfast at T0, this reduced to 24•5 % at T1 (p < •001) with a small increase at T2 (35•5 %). A further change at breakfast was in fruit consumption. Between T0 and T1, there was nearly a four-fold increase in fruit intake (16•8 % to 65•2 %, p < •001) with the increase at breakfast maintained at T2 (63•2 %). Bread intake at lunch-time also decreased between T0 and T1 (86•4 % to 11•8 %, p = •78) and the reduced intake was maintained at T2 (27•6 %). At the evening meal, bread consumption again decreased over the three time points (33•3 %, 4•2 % [p < •001] and 3•9 %). However, fruit and vegetable intake increased (13•1 %, 51•0 % [p < •001] and 27•6 % [fruit]; 71•6 %, 89•0 % [p < •001] and 90•8 % [veg] at T0, T1 and T2 respectively). Investigating the changes in food intake between meals, the most significant decreases were in biscuits or cakes (79•4 %, 4•4 % [p = •13] and 27•6 %), potato crisps (77•9 %, 6•8 % [p = •003] and 25•0 %), and chocolate and sweets (79•6 %, 6•1 % [p = •003] and 21•1 %). The most significant increases were in fruit (28•0 %, 84•2 % [p = •008] and 85•5 %) and vegetables (4•6 %, 44•9 % [p < •001] and 22•4 % at T0, T1, and T2 respectively). In conclusion, this study has shown that SW is an effective weight management programme in helping to build healthy dietary habits in non-pregnant women with obesity of child-bearing age. Further analyses will determine whether any of the changes significantly contribute to the weight loss observed or whether it is a combination of the changes in dietary habits. Further research is required to investigate sustainability of these healthy habits.
The challenges of implementing behaviour changes that lead to sustained weight management
Nutrition Bulletin, 2013
Weight loss is a difficult journey often characterised by repeated faltering attempts. There are numerous approaches to weight management but they all involve changes in self-management, eating or activity behaviour. Weight loss induces changes in physiological and emotional systems, which tend to pull people back to where they came from. At the present time, it is not clear how the rate, extent or type of weight loss impact on signalling systems that oppose weight loss. Dietary changes in behaviour appear to be more achievable for weight loss earlier in the weight loss journey, while physical activity becomes a critical adjunct to initial dietary changes for weight loss maintenance. A range of weight control behaviours characterises weight loss and weight loss maintenance. People successfully maintaining significant weight loss tend to control their appetite, do more physical activity and remain vigilant, to catch slips in behaviour that may lead to weight regain. There may be differing clusters of behaviours, which characterise weight loss compared with weight loss maintenance, and there appear to be different clusters of behaviours that characterise weight loss maintainers. To navigate from the journey of weight loss to one of habitual weight loss maintenance requires long-term self-management. Environments and programmes that support, nurture and facilitate long-term behaviour change give people the capability, the opportunity and the motivation to navigate to a healthy weight.
Adherence to Weight Control Techniques and Weight Loss: A Case Study
Journal of Obesity and Weight Regulation, 1984
A multiple baseline design across four behaviors was used to assess the effectiveness of a self-monitoring behavioral weight reduction program. The four behaviors were (1) the number of arm lifts used to direct food and liquid, other than water, into the mouth, (2) the number of minutes the subject engaged in daily exercise, (3a) the number of meals eaten per day, and (3b) the number of balanced meals eaten per day. The subject involved in this study was a 22-year-old male graduate student who was approximately 25 pounds overweight. At the completion of the study the subject lost a total of 19 pounds, at a rate of 1.73 pounds per week, over an elevenweek period. The results indicated that a self-monitoring behavioral weight reduction program was effective in reducing the weight in a 22-year-old male graduate student. A follow-up check six months later revealed an additional nine-pound weight loss. The study emphasized the need for reliability checkers in the natural environment to increase the dieter's adherence to weight control techniques.
Longitudinal Weight Loss Patterns and their Behavioral and Demographic Associations
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2015
Background-Identification of weight change patterns may allow tailored interventions to improve long-term weight loss. Purpose-To identify patterns of weight change over 18 mos., and assess participant characteristics and intervention adherence factors associated with weight change patterns in a sample of 359 overweight/obese adults. Methods-Weight loss (0-6 mos.) was achieved with reduced energy intake and increased physical activity (PA). Maintenance (7-18 mos.) provided adequate energy to maintain weight and continued PA. Results-Latent profile analysis identified 3 weight change profiles. During weight loss/ maintenance, participants in profiles 2 and 3 (18 mos. weight loss ~14%) attended more behavioral sessions, and performed more PA, compared with profile 1 (18 mo. weight loss <1%). Self-efficacy for both weight management and exercise barriers were higher in profiles 2 and 3 compared with profile 1 following weight loss and during maintenance. Conclusion-Weight change patterns can be identified and are associated with both participant characteristics and intervention adherence.