On the Hierarchical Structure of Self-Determined Motivation: A Test of Top-Down, Bottom-Up, Reciprocal, and Horizontal Effects (original) (raw)
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The hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation establishes three levels of generality to analyze human motivation (global, contextual, and situational). The dynamism of motivation is explained by means of the relations between the three levels. The purpose of this study is to test the reciprocal effects, top-down and bottom-up, between one motivational level and the adjacent level, as well as the stability of the global level (horizontal effect). A longitudinal design with six measurement time points across a 4-month interval was used. Participants were 142 undergraduate students. Results from path analysis using a Bayesian estimation method provided support for our hypotheses. Finally, the implications of the dynamic processes of influence among the hierarchical levels in academic setting are discussed. Probando las relaciones entre la motivación global, contextual y situacional: un estudio longitudinal de los efectos horizontal, arriba-abajo y abajo-arriba RESUMEN El modelo jerárquico de la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca establece tres niveles de generalidad para analizar la motivación humana (global, contextual y situacional). El dinamismo de la motivación se explica de acuerdo a las relaciones entre estos niveles. El objetivo de este estudio es probar los efectos recíprocos, arriba-abajo y abajo-arriba entre cada nivel motivacional y su adyacente, así como la estabilidad del nivel global (efecto horizontal). Se lleva a cabo un diseño longitudinal durante un periodo de cuatro meses. Los participantes han sido 142 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados del path analisis, utilizando un método de estimación bayesiano, apoyan las hipótesis planteadas. Finalmente, las implicaciones de los procesos dinámicos de influencia entre los niveles jerárquicos son discutidas en el contexto académico. Palabras clave: modelo jerárquico, teoría de la autodeterminación, efecto arriba-abajo, efecto abajo-arriba, estudio longitudinal.
Relations Between Certain Types of Motivation and Self-Orientation
2015
The main goal of this research is to examine relations between certain types of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and self-orientation which is defined by the assumptions of the Self-determination theory (integrated self, ego-invested self, impersonal self). The sample includes 399 students from different faculties in Serbia (42.4% male and 57.6% female), aged between 18 and 36 (AS = 21.14; SD = 2.42). Aspiration index was used to evaluate motivation and an Ego functioning questionnaire was used to evaluate self-orientation. Three hierarchical regression analysis were conducted in order to answer the questions of the research. In every analysis predictors are the same (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation), while the criteria are different (integrated self, ego-invested self and impersonal self). Based on the obtained findings, models from the second step were adopted and they include both types of motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation represent significant predictors of t...