Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants in Chennai using PCR and modified direct agglutination test (original) (raw)
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Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the slaughter sheep and goats from North India
Veterinary parasitology, 2017
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects almost all the warm blooded animals, including human beings. The disease usually remains asymptomatic but is a serious concern for pregnant women, developing foetus and immuno-compromised individuals. We collected 400 cardiac/skeletal muscle tissue samples from slaughter sheep (177) and goat (223) intended for human consumption from Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Chandigarh states/union territory in North India. The samples were pepsin-HCl digested and DNA was extracted from all the digested samples. Nested-PCR was carried out to amplify 580bp and 531bp bands with external and internal sets of primers specific for B1 gene of T. gondii. Molecularly, six (1.5%) isolates of T. gondii were detected. In PCR, T. gondii DNA were detected from 1.69% and 1.34% of the sheep and goat samples, respectively. Three PCR amplified products were sequenced in both the directions and readable sequences were obtained. Due to a low level of...
Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2021
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases with serious health risks for humans, especially for immunodeficient patients, and can lead to abortion in pregnant women worldwide. The oral uptake of sporulated oocysts and/or consumption of undercooked/raw meat of animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii can infect other animals and humans. Heart, liver, and meat tissues of 150 sheep and 150 goats from a slaughterhouse in Ahvaz, Iran, were collected during autumn 2018 and analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect parasitic DNA in the animal tissues. Moreover, antibodies against T. gondii of 150 sera samples were detected as the targets by in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (in-house ELISA). A total of 26 (17.3%), 33 (22%), and 48 (32%) of liver, meat, and heart samples in sheep, and a total of 24 (16%), 26 (17.3%), and 36 (24%) of liver, meat, and heart samples in goats, respectively, showed positive PCR results. Besides, the ELISA evaluation of sera samples from 150 sheep and 150 goats resulted in 26 (13.3%) and 16 (10.6%) positive cases, respectively. A significant difference was also found between PCR-positive heart samples and ELISA-positive sera samples of both animal species (p < 0.05), but no significant difference existed between PCR-positive liver samples and ELISA-positive sera samples of both species (p > 0.05). The results of this study confirm the presence of T. gondii in sheep and goats' consumable organs, highlighting the need to avoid consuming raw or uncooked organs of these animal species to prevent human infection with T. gondii.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019
Background Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite among all mammals, in particular small ruminants, worldwide. Traditional husbandry can be a major risk factor for infection of sheep and goats with this parasite. Objectives The present study aimed to determine the current status of the prevalence for T. gondii in livestock of Qazvin Province. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the sera of 455 sheep and 375 goats were examined to detect anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by using in-house indirect ELISA. Results Overall, 33.62% (153/455) of sheep and 36.41% (130/375) of goats were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies with no statistically significant difference. The prevalence rate of T. gondii among the sheep of Qazvin County was significantly higher than in Abyek and Abhar counties (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of the present study indicate that the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats of the study area is high. Therefore, the meat of the animals reared in this area can be a potential source of human infections by this parasite.
Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep for human consumption in two slaughter-house
The purpose of this study was to put in evidence the presence of IgG antibodies type anti-T. gondii and the prevalence of infection in sheep slaughtered in two slaughterhouses in the north-western of Romania, for public consumption. It have been collected 105 sera in the direction of detecting antibodies (IgG) anti-T. gondii by ELISA method, using a commercial kit (Chekit Toxotest, Idexx-Bommeli, Switzerland). The sheep were divided into two groups according to age: group one -2-3-year-old sheep (51); group two -7-8-year-old sheep (54). Of the 105 sera sheep processed 48 were positive, achieving a prevalence of 45.7%. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in sheep from group one was 45% (23/51), while in group two was 46.3% (25/54). The increased preavalence obtained by ELISA techniques, shows the presence of antibodies anti-T. gondii at 45.7% of examined sera, and there is a real risk of human contamination following row meat consumption.
Veterinary Journal, 2007
Serum samples from 290 cattle, 400 goats and 588 sheep slaughtered for food in various areas of the Mazandaran province, Iran were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), from December 2004 to April 2005. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 30% (120/400) goats and 35% (206/588) sheep and 0% (0/290) cattle, at a dilution of 1:16 or more for goats and sheep and 1:128 or more for cattle. The highest titres observed in cattle, goats and sheep were 1:64 (0.7%), 1:128 (1%), 1:64 (2%), respectively. These results indicate that T. gondii antibodies are widespread in the animal populations and suggest that toxoplasmosis is a widely spread zoonotic infection in northern Iran.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats and sheep of district Mardan, Pakistan
This study was carried out in order to investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats and sheep of District Mardan, Pakistan. Indirect Haemagglutination Test (IHA) was used for detection of T. gondii antibodies in sera. Out of 350 goats 148 (42.28%) were detected positive for T.gondii antibodies. The prevalence in male and female goats were 39 (26%) and 109 (54.5%) respectively. Goats of age ≥ 2 years had the highest seroprevalence (54.44%) followed by those of 1-2 years old (33.33%) and those ≤ 1 year old (20%). Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected in 128 out of 290 examined sheep (44.13%). A total of 55 (45.83%) out of 10 male sheep were detected seropositive for T. gondii infection and 73 (42.94%) out of 170 female sheep were detected seropositive. High prevalence of T. gondii was seen in female as compared to male sheep. Among the examined sheep, those which were ≥ 2 year old had the highest infection (66.66%) followed by 1-2 year old (36.36%) and ≤ 1 year old (13.33%). The seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies was higher in all goats and sheep with titer ranging from 1:80 to 1:160. The infection rate in sheep was higher as compared to goats. The results of the present study indicate that T. gondii infection is very common in goats and sheep of District Mardan, Pakistan, which may be a risk factor for public health in this area because goats and sheep are the intermediate hosts of T. gondii. Proper control strategies and suitable measures should be carried out in this region, in order to minimize the risk of exposure of human population to T. gondii infection.
Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats from Central Iran
2021
Objective Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii , infects humans by consuming infected raw or undercooked meat and foods harboring mature oocysts. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats coming from central Iran. After completing the questionnaire, about one gram of liver or diaphragm tissue was taken as a sample from 90 sheep and 90 goats slaughtered in Yazd Province and stored at – 20 ºC. DNA extraction was done, and then T. gondii was detected using nested PCR. Results This study indicated that the prevalence of T. gondii in all slaughtered animals was 11.6% (21 of 180), including 14.4% (13/90) in sheep and 8.8% (8/90) in goats. The infection rates in liver and diaphragm samples were 12.2% (11/90) and 11.1% (10/90), respectively ( p = 0.8163). The infection rate in animals older than one was 16.3% (15/92), and it was 6.8% (6/88) in animals under one year of age. Therefore, no significant differences were found ( p = 0.475). Infection rates...
High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats in Jharkhand state of India
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2018
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an important food borne zoonosis worldwide. Although goat meat constitutes an important dietary protein source, improperly cooked meat is a potential source of infection to humans. Data on prevalence of toxoplasma in goat is scanty from India. Serological detection is the practical option for prevalence studies on T. gondii, as no biological stage of the parasite is present in the clinical materials from the intermediate hosts. The present study was undertaken in the Jharkhand state of India which is largely inhabited by economically weaker aborigine population, who depend largely on animal husbandry for livelihood. A total of 445 serum samples were collected for testing, which represented goats under intensive and free range system of rearing. T. gondii specific IgG antibodies were detected in 42.47% (n = 189) samples by rSAG1 based indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence data were analyzed in respect of age, sex, breed of the goats and altitude of the study area as well as rearing conditions of the animals to establish correlation, if any. Though age and sex of the animals had a direct correlation with infection, the same could not be established with the other factors. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic ELISA were compared with IFAT, as well as with a commercially available ELISA kit. The rSAG1-ELISA had 92.66% sensitivity and 90.67% specificity with a positive predictive value of 86.77% and negative predictive value 94.92% when compared with IFAT, whereas when compared with the commercial ELISA kit, 87.50% sensitivity and 90.91% specificity with a positive predictive value of 91.30% and negative predictive value 86.96% were observed. Inter rater agreement (kappa) was calculated. rSAG1-ELISA showed good agreement with IFAT (kappa = 0.824) and commercially available ELISA Kit (kappa = 0.783). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, revealed a larger area under curve (AUC) of 0.99 (95%CI, 0.97-1.0) when compared with IFAT as gold standard and a highest relative sensitivity 91.30 (95% CI 72-98.3) and specificity 1.0 (95% CI 85.2-100) for the cut off value of 0.6005. The present study revealed high seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats from Jharkhand, which has public health significance.
Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 2015
This study was carried out to investigate the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in 105 sheep and goat raw milk samples in Assiut, Egypt. Milk samples were tested by microscopic examination, Latex agglutination test and 50 samples were tested with PCR assay. The incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat milk samples was 10.48% (11/105) by microscopic examination, 39% (41/105) by Latex agglutination test and 16% (8/50) by PCR assay. High significant differences were recorded in incidence of Toxoplasma in raw sheep milk in 8.62% (5/58) by micropscopic examination, in 39.66% (23/58)) by latex agglutination test and detection of B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii in 10.71% (3/28) by PCR assay. While, significance differences were found in incidence of Toxoplasma in raw goat milk in 12.77% (6/47)) by microscopical examination, in 38.30% (18/47) by Latex agglutination test in addition to detection of B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii in 22.73% (5/22) by PCR assay. The results showed that sheep and goats were excreting Toxoplasma gondii DNA in their milk. The results of this study revealed that Latex agglutination test and PCR assay could become useful tools to diagnose the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat milk samples. This study is the first report of direct detection of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat milk samples in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Control measures and public heath importance were also discussed in this study.
The goal of this study was to find out how common Toxoplasma gondii infection is in goats and sheep in Peshawar, Pakistan. T. Gondii antibodies were detected in serum using the Indirect Haemagglutination Test (IHA). T. Gondii antibodies were identified in 192 goats (45.71%) out of a total of 420 goats. Male goats had a prevalence of n=49 (28.82%) while female goats had a prevalence of n = 147 (58.80%). Prevalence was greatest in goats aged 3 years (56.90%), followed by those aged 1-2 years (45.59%), and those aged 1 year (28.18%). Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found in 178 of the 360 sheep tested (49.44%). Out of 150 male sheep, n=79 (52.67%) were found to be seropositive for T. gondii infection, while n=95 (45.24%) were found to be seropositive out of 210 female sheep. Male sheep had a higher incidence of T. gondii than female sheep. Threeyear-old sheep had the greatest infection rate (63.57%), followed by 1-2 year-old sheep (52.46%), and one-year-old sheep (25.51%). T. gondii antibodies were found in greater numbers in all goats and sheep, with titers ranging from 1:80 to 1:160. In comparison to goats, sheep had a greater infection rate. The findings of this study show that T. gondii infection is highly frequent in Peshawar goats and sheep, which might be a public health concern in this area because goats and sheep are intermediate hosts for T. gondii. In order to reduce the danger of human infection by T. gondii, proper control methods and appropriate measures should be implemented in this location.