The Impact of Electric Vehicles on Utilities (original) (raw)
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Impact of Plug-In Electric Vehicles on the Distribution Grid
Abstract-Pollution due to greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas and excessive dependence fossil fuel has been a huge threat in the sustainable development of the transportation sector. So, there is a need for a solution that can tackle this situation. Electric vehicles can be one of the most promising remedies to tackle this problem. They provide energy conservation and environmental protection. Electric vehicles are propelled by an electric motor powered by rechargeable battery packs. They have both positive and negative impact on the power grid. For instance, in order to evaluate the impact on electric vehicles on demand profile, one needs to know about 1)charging process of electric vehicles, 2) amount of electrical energy required, 3) amount of power required, 4)state of charge of the battery. This paper extracts the comparison between the load profile of the distribution system without EV's and with EV's connected. Also it shows the voltage unbalance caused by EV's interconnection with the grid.
Modelling the Impacts of Large-Scale Penetration of Electric Vehicle on Electricity Networks
Electric vehicles (EVs) offer several significant potential economic, social and environmental benefits -reductions in the transport sector's current very heavy reliance on petroleum-based fuels, improvements in urban air quality and reductions in transport sector greenhouse gas emissions. The batteries of electric vehicles, however, need to be recharged and electrification of transport systems will increase electricity loads, which could potentially place stress on some electricity distribution systems. The actual impacts of EV recharging on local distribution systems will depend on a number of factors and on the timing of the recharging events in particular. The results of the several studies have attempted to assess the potential impacts that EV recharging will have on local distribution networks suggest that coordinated managed charging of EV demand could actually have a significantly positive impact on distribution system reliability.
Distributed generation refers to relatively small-scale generators that produce several kilowatts (kW) to tens of megawatts (MW) of power and are generally connected to the grid at the distribution or substation levels. i Distributed generation units use a wide range of generation technologies, including gas turbines, diesel engines, solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines, fuel cells, biomass, and small hydroelectric generators. Some DG units that use conventional fuel-burning engines are designed to operate as combined heat and power (CHP) systems that are capable of providing heat for buildings or industrial processes using the "waste" energy from electricity generation. 1 For example, our own institution, MIT, has a combined heating, cooling, and power plant based on a gas turbine engine rated at about 20 MW, connected to our local utility at distribution primary voltage (13.8 kV). Distributed i It is important to note that distributed generation is distinct from dispersed generation, which is not connected to the grid. Dispersed generation is typified by standby diesel generators that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure. Because these units typically do not impact utility operation or planning activities, we do not discuss them. Though not connected to the grid, dispersed generators can participate in demand response programs (see Chapter 7).
Impact of electric vehicles on power distribution networks
2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2009
The market for battery powered and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is currently limited, but this is expected to grow rapidly with the increased concern about the environment and advances in technology. Due to their high energy capacity, mass deployment of electrical vehicles will have significant impact on power networks. This impact will dictate the design of the electric vehicle interface devices and the way future power networks will be designed and controlled. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of electric vehicles on existing power distribution networks. Evaluation of supply/demand matching and potential violations of statutory voltage limits, power quality and imbalance are presented.
Impact of Electric Vehicle on Power System Operation: Technical Overview
2013
Nowadays many sector promote electric vehicles' (EV) use in light of declining fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gases, however there are many concerns about the reliability, security and stability issues in the power grid. Will the infrastructure be able to handle that mobile and no constant demand? What are the major concerns about equipment life span? Is the power grid smart enough to deal with this transition? This paper seeks to show, through a literature review, the most important issues regarding EVs penetration in the medium and long term.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING AND UNLOADING EFFECT ANALYSIS ON THE POWER GRID
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020
The global energy efficiency and environmental protection have become more and more important at this time, and the production of electric vehicles (EVs) is therefore accelerating. The efficiency of electric vehicles is a strong one and other kinds of electricity can be used as fuel as a prominent feature, and electric vehicles are seen as eco transport for the 21st century. The electric vehicle is being gradually taken care of by car manufacturers, policymakers and environmental organizations. Electric vehicles can reduce pollution by draining vehicles as zero-emission vehicles dramatically to boost the environment and change the electricity system. The author, therefore, agrees that in our country electric vehicles should be actively developed, but that large-scale EV charging is a practical issue in the grid service and the distribution system planning. It could have a significant impact on the performance of the network, including overloading, output reduction, decreased service quality and increased power losses. With the movement of the light vehicle fleet to electric movement, a "vehicle to grid" (V2G) power is offered. V2G makes sense only if there is a connection between the car and the electricity market. This article discusses briefly the impact of the charge on the dispatch system, the contributing factors, the methods of charging control which decrease the impact on the distribution network and V2G techniques. Address the EV phenomenon based on the current state of development and the challenges
Evaluating the Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Smart Grid
2016
With the 23% of total global GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions coming from the transport sector, many initiatives have been suggested to address this emissions sector, including reducing the number of vehicles on the roads using ridesharing programs, and switching from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) to battery powered Electrical Vehicles (EV). While many governments around the world have started various programs to help increase the adoption of EVs, including incentive to purchase, introducing new policies, increasing public awareness, and installing charging infrastructures, the impact of EVs on the electric grid (load, harmonic, line and transformer lifespan) is still not completely understood. In this paper, we present a literature review about the impact of EV on the electric grid, and the evaluation results carried on the grid on a small community in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The results of the evaluation show a 12.5% increase in overloaded transformers within th...
Energy, 2018
A potentially beneficial new opportunity is emerging around the exchange of energy between electric vehicles and the electrical energy grid, particularly as more low-carbon energy sources are connecting to the grid. Accordingly, this paper presents an optimization framework to activate the potential capabilities of electric vehicles equipped with bidirectional chargers for energy conditioning (including energy management and power quality improvement) of the future distribution networks. The proposed nonlinear optimization seeks to concurrently enhance the operation performance (using the network voltage deviation index) as well as power quality of the grid (using total harmonic distortion index). The proposed model is tested on a 33-bus distribution network to demonstrate its efficiency and performance.
IJERT-Impact of Electric Vehicle on Power System Operation: Technical Overview
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013
https://www.ijert.org/impact-of-electric-vehicle-on-power-system-operation-technical-overview https://www.ijert.org/research/impact-of-electric-vehicle-on-power-system-operation-technical-overview-IJERTV2IS90805.pdf Nowadays many sector promote electric vehicles' (EV) use in light of declining fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gases, however there are many concerns about the reliability, security and stability issues in the power grid. Will the infrastructure be able to handle that mobile and no constant demand? What are the major concerns about equipment life span? Is the power grid smart enough to deal with this transition? This paper seeks to show, through a literature review, the most important issues regarding EVs penetration in the medium and long term.