News frames terrorism: A comparative analysis of frames employed in terrorism coverage in US and UK newspapers (original) (raw)
Finding Frames: Comparing Two Methods of Frame Analysis
Communication Methods and Measures, 2011
Detecting media frames has spawned a variety of methods, but very little has been done to investigate whether these methods provide comparable results. This article compares the results of two kinds of human coding framing analysis. The first is a method developed by Matthes and Kohring (2008) involving human coding of elements based on Entman's (1993) definition of frames, and the second coding is based on an extracted set of frames. Cluster analysis of news articles on population published from 1987–2007 in the Philippines yielded an optimum number of three communities or frames that agree with the holistic predetermined frames. Results indicate support for the validity of both procedures. Methodological implications are further discussed.
The International Journal of Press/Politics, 2010
Despite the major importance of the news media's election news coverage, there are still only a few cross-national studies on how the media cover elections. There are even fewer that include both newspapers and TV news and that probe possible antecedents of how the media frame politics in their election news. Against this background, this article compares the media framing of election news in two countries-Belgium and Swedenthat constitute highly similar cases and both belong to the democratic corporatist model of media and politics. The study focuses on the importance of media channels, media types, and commercialism as antecedents of the media's framing of election news.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2014
Viewing images of terrorism can have a powerful impact on individuals' emotional and political responses, yet little is known about the psychological processes underlying these effects. We hypothesized that the content of terrorism images will shape viewers' appraisals of the event, which will elicit specific emotions and political attitudes. British citizens viewed photographs of the 2005 London bombings, either focusing on victims or terrorists. Exposure to images of victims increased appraisals of victim suffering, which predicted feelings of sympathy. Exposure to images of terrorists increased appraisals of terrorists as dangerous, which predicted fear; and of the attack as unjust, which predicted anger. Each emotion predicted support for a distinct counterterrorism policy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Women's Portraits Present in Print Fashion Advertisements
The International Encyclopedia of Media Studies, 2012
This chapter presents the findings of a content analysis of 568 luxury brand (e.g., Gucci, Dior, Loewe, Chanel) print advertisements published between in high-circulation Spanish women's magazines -Vogue, Telva, Elle, Cosmopolitan, and Woman. We address the following two research questions: (1) Which female stereotypes are used to portray women in the luxury fashion brands' print advertisements? (2) Do certain factors explain the use of each female stereotype in advertising? Our findings reveal the most frequently portrayed role for female models in these ads is the "hedonist and sensual," which shows women above all as objects of pleasure who also narcissistically contemplate their own beauty. This advertising stereotype reinforces and crystallizes the social stereotype of the woman who is valuable as long as she is physically attractive.
Comparative Journalism Research - An Overview
Sociology Compass, 2012
This overview focuses on the most common type of comparative journalism research, which is cross-national comparative research. The overview presents a typology for different types of comparative journalism research, based on whether the research interest is in journalism as an activity or as a product; and, in the case of journalism as an activity, whether the interest is in the system level, the organizational level, or the individual level of journalism. The overview finds that the analysis of journalism on the individual level and of journalism as a product are the most common types of comparative research, whereas comparative analysis of journalism on the organizational level is much under-studied.
Internet information and communication behavior during a political moment: The Iraq war, March 2003
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008
This article explores the Internet as a resource for political information and communication in March 2003, when American troops were first sent to Iraq, offering us a unique setting of political context, information use, and technology. Employing a national survey conducted by the Pew Internet & American Life project. We examine the political information behavior of the Internet respondents through an exploratory factor analysis; analyze the effects of personal demographic attributes and political attitudes, traditional and new media use, and technology on online behavior through multiple regression analysis; and assess the online political information and communication behavior of supporters and dissenters of the Iraq War. The factor analysis suggests four factors: activism, support, information seeking, and communication. The regression analysis indicates that gender, political attitudes and beliefs, motivation, traditional media consumption, perceptions of bias in the media, and computer experience and use predict online political information behavior, although the effects of these variables differ for the four factors. The information and communication behavior of supporters and dissenters of the Iraq War differed significantly. We conclude with a brief discussion of the value of "interdisciplinary poaching" for advancing the study of Internet information practices.
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 2014
V Vo ol lu un nt ta as s: : I In nt te er rn na at ti io on na al l J Jo ou ur rn na al l o of f V Vo ol lu un nt ta ar ry y a an nd d N No on np pr ro of fi it t M Mu ul lt ti i-l le ev ve el l S Sy ys st te em ms s a an nd d t th he e E El le ec ct to or ra al l P Po ol li it ti ic cs s o of f W We el lf fa ar re e P Pl lu ur ra al li is sm m: : E Ex xp pl lo or ri in ng g T Th hi ir rd d S Se ec ct to or r P Po ol li ic cy y i in n U UK K W We es st tm mi in ns st te er r a an nd d R Re eg gi io on na al l E El le ec ct ti io on ns s 1 19 94 45 5-2 20 01 11 1-Manuscript Draft-M Ma an nu us sc cr ri ip pt t N Nu um mb be er r: :
International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics
Mandate and accountability theory state that governments should implement the policies that they promised voters. Accordingly, this study addresses a key lacuna by exploring the role of electoral politics in shaping public policy on sport. Attention centres on issuesalience and policy framing in party manifestos in postwar UK elections. In an era of multi-level governance the analysis also explores the impact of devolution in the UK where, since 1998 sport policy is mandated in four electoral systems in place of earlier, single statewide ballots. The findings reveal that there has been a sharp increase in issue salience over recent decades-thereby confirming the party politicization of sport as part of the wider rise of 'valence politics'. They also show how parties increasingly frame sport proposals to achieve non-sport aims such as promoting social welfare and boosting international standing. Notably, the data underline the territorialisation of sport policy following the UK's move to quasi-federalism-as policy framing is now contingent on 'regional' socio-historical factors and party politics, including nation-building by civic nationalist parties.
SAGE Open
Earlier work has tended to overlook the formative origins of child care policy in liberal democracies. Accordingly, this study examines mandate-seeking and parties' envisioning of child care with reference to issue salience and policy framing in party manifestos in U.K. Westminster and regional elections. It reveals a significant increase in issue salience following its emergence as a manifesto issue in the 1980s, thereby confirming it as part of the wider rise of "valence politics." The framing data reveal that a "post-feminist" discourse of "social investment" has generally displaced the political framing of child care as a gender equality issue. It is argued that this is inherently problematic and reflects parties' failure to address ongoing gender inequality in the labor market. Notably, the data also illustrate the way devolution is leading to the territorialization of child care in the United Kingdom-no longer solely mandated in Westminster elections, policy is now contingent on the discursive practices of regional party politics and shaped by local socioeconomic factors.
Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa
The attack on the West Papua student dormitory in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, on 16 August 2019 by the Islamic Defender Fronts (FPI), Communication Forum for Retired Children of the Indonesian Military/Police (FKPPI) and Pancasila Youth (PP) sharpened Indonesia’s crisis with West Papua. The baldly racist attack then ignited repression, as well as demonstrations from West Papuans in various cities. In such a crisis, Indonesian online media does not provide proportional voices from West Papuan society. That adds to a record of how bad the practice of journalism related to West Papua so far appears to be. This study conducted a quantitative framing analysis, examining the number of reports, use of resource persons and the use of framing of crisis in the news, on six Indonesian online media: okezone.com, detik.com, kompas.com, tribunnews.com, cnnindonesia.com and tirto.id in the period of August 13-31, 2019. From the 2,471 news reports, it can be seen that most of the main news sou...
Journalism and Media
This study explores the news media Twitter messaging on the issue of Grexit, as an exemplary case of transmediatisation of problems in highly polarized contexts. Our analysis focuses on media tweets (in English, French, Italian, and Greek) using the Grexit hashtag between March and July 2015. There are three main questions on the potential reshaping of journalistic sourcing and framing on Twitter. The first focuses on the milieu of actors used by media outlets as sources in the #Grexit debate, the second on the types of news frames that dominated #Grexit media tweets, and the third on how sourcing and news frames interact to construct a space of power positions. The above processes took shape within a close information system, which included politicians, media elites, and economic experts that marginalized alternative voices and critical perspectives. These findings indicate that mainstream news media normalized Twitter to fit their traditional sourcing and framing norms and practic...
Storytelling and evidence-based policy: lessons from the grey literature
Palgrave Communications
A number of authors interested in how to translate evidence into policy identify the importance of policy narrative and argue that advocates of scientific evidence need to tell good stories to grab the attention and appeal to the emotions of policymakers. Yet, this general call for better narratives is incomplete without concrete examples and evidence of their effectiveness. This article shows how these processes are described in the "grey" literature-defined as literature which is produced by all levels of government, academics, business and industry, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers. This literature is often missed by scientists but more important to activists and advocates within social movements and the non-profit sector who frequently engage with or seek to influence policymakers. The article outlines some of the ways in which an understanding of policymaker psychology and factors such as group dynamics and political context are reflected in the grey literature, and the implications of this for understanding the role of storytelling in political advocacy. It highlights practical advice about storytelling that emerges from the literature, and presents four case studies illustrating aspects of storytelling in action. It concludes by identifying the implications for scientists and other advocates of "evidence informed policymaking", practitioners and policymakers.
Media, War & Conflict, 2018
This article analyses the representations of terrorism that arise out of the BBC’s coverage of the Wood Green ricin plot (2003), the first instance of al-Qaeda-related activity in the UK during the ‘war on terror’. Inspired by the work of Michel Foucault, the article suggests that the BBC’s representations form part of an emergent ‘terrorism’ dispositif, or apparatus, which draws together seemingly disparate and antagonistic groups into a strategic, mutually-sustaining alliance. The analysis focuses on two weeks of BBC ‘News at Ten’ bulletins, alongside speeches and press releases issued by the Prime Minister and statements released by al-Qaeda’s leadership. In particular, the article suggests that the BBC’s representations inadvertently work to the advantage of elements within al-Qaeda and the British executive due to the fact that they portray the Wood Green events in ways that are tactically useful to both groups. As such, the article not only provides substantive new empirical i...
Press narratives of NSA domestic surveillance
Atlantic Journal of Communication, 2019
The NSA's vast domestic surveillance operations have brought to the forefront the age-old debate between the need to safeguard national security through extra-constitutional actions and the desire to uphold constitutional rights. This study analyzed the narratives offered by editorials and op-ed columns in The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal to see if it reflected a press that was fulfilling a watchdog role by critiquing NSA's domestic surveillance or served as a legitimizing agent of the agency's surveillance activities. The emergent themes suggest that The New York Times and The Washington Post, fulfilling the watchdog role, think the NSA surveillance during both time periods went too far, infringing on Americans civil rights, while The Wall Street Journal, served as a legitimizing agent, championing the NSA surveillance programs and argued that giving up civil rights was a price that needed to be paid in order to combat terrorism. While taking different stances, all three publications do attempt to sustain the democratic structure, they just come at it from different points of view. An unfettered press has long been understood as one of the indispensable pillars of a democracy. In its ideal form, the press is not only instrumental in informing and empowering citizens, it serves as the watchdog of government and business entities for the public. It has been well documented, however, that a free press withers in times of national crisis or war (Marquez, 2005, pp. 6-9; Wells, 2004, pp. 454-455). National security often trumps the need to protect democratic principles. Members of the press and even ordinary citizens have been shown to acquiesce to rights violations out of their own sense of patriotism or fear of coming under disfavor by their own government (
International Communication Gazette, 2013
The article analyzes to what extent news reporting on terrorist attacks globalized, regionalized, or country specific. We compare coverage on four terrorist incidents in the main news shows of the US edition of CNN, of Al Jazeera’s Arabic language service, of the British BBC, and of the German ARD. The analysis shows cross-national similarities in several dimensions: the analyzed media devote nearly identical amounts of attention to the four events, employ similar stylistic devices to describe them, and evaluate them similarly. At the same time, there are notable differences. These differences are not found between Western channels and Al Jazeera – as proponents of a ‘clash of civilizations’ might expect – but between CNN and Al Jazeera on the one hand, and the BBC and ARD on the other. The former interpret the attacks as an expression of a global “war on terror”, whereas the latter see them as criminal attacks by a few individuals against the human civilization itself.
New Media & Society, 2012
Islam is a hotly debated topic on YouTube, comprising approximately a half-million videos, tagged with this word. The study presents empirical material regarding three aspects of Islam’s representation: (a) how Islam is framed in user-created videos; (b) how it is visualized; and (c) what are the motivations of the YouTubers who create these videos. The theoretical framework of the study is based on two pillars. The concept of valence framing was employed to identify positive/negative patterns of representation. The motivations to videoblog about Islam were examined from the perspective of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. Data comprised a content analysis of 120 videos and 15 in-depth interviews with content producers. Despite a number of extremely attacking videos about Islam, the overall tone of the coverage appeared to be balanced. However, images and ideas that are inappropriate for broadcasting on mainstream media repeatedly appear on this website.
PLOS ONE
The aim of this article is to analyze the positioning and interactions of the principal actors in the creative industries, in particular their relations with the structures tasked with implementing the Timișoara European Capital of Culture 2021 project, and the press coverage of the developing project. We started from the hypothesis that such an event stimulates the creative industries, but also induces tensions, which can degenerate into blockages. Quantitative and qualitative methods (20 observation sheets; 19 interviews and 227 press articles) combine to portray the dynamics and effectiveness of the city’s creative spaces and the role actors play in local territorial co-production, the press analysis providing additional data. The article supplements previous literature on politico-territorial arenas by spotlighting spatio-temporal reconfigurations that spark synergies and tensions within an urban environment with a long-standing multicultural tradition. The results of our resear...
Automated identification of media bias in news articles: an interdisciplinary literature review
International Journal on Digital Libraries, 2018
Media bias, i.e., slanted news coverage, can strongly impact the public perception of the reported topics. In the social sciences, research over the past decades has developed comprehensive models to describe media bias and effective, yet often manual and thus cumbersome, methods for analysis. In contrast, in computer science fast, automated, and scalable methods are available, but few approaches systematically analyze media bias. The models used to analyze media bias in computer science tend to be simpler compared to models established in the social sciences, and do not necessarily address the most pressing substantial questions, despite technically superior approaches. Computer science research on media bias thus stands to profit from a closer integration of models for the study of media bias developed in the social sciences with automated methods from computer science. This article first establishes a shared conceptual understanding by mapping the state of the art from the social sciences to a framework, which can be targeted by approaches from computer science. Next, we investigate different forms of media bias and review how each form is analyzed in the social sciences. For each form, we then discuss methods from computer science suitable to (semi-)automate the corresponding analysis. Our review suggests that suitable, automated methods from computer science, primarily in the realm of natural language processing, are already available for each of the discussed forms of media bias, opening multiple directions for promising further research in computer science in this area.
E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences
This study contributes to the current body of knowledge that explores how the media creates stereotypes and influences gender parity in society. A vast amount of literature has been published on gender and the media, resulting in sufficient conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Using intersectional analysis, the study examines how media frames, focalizes and represents intersecting roles to shed light on afro-patriarchal frames, stereotypes, and representations. A qualitative analysis of two major events that occurred during South Africa’s post-colonial period, the Marikana Massacre, the Phoenix Massacre which was accompanied by protests in parts of Johannesburg are presented in this study. The study findings highlight that these hallmark incidents in South African history are characterized by nationalistic, capitalist, and gendered discourses. As a result of the Marikana Massacre, the study suggests that the state insisted on pursuing its national interests at all costs, including...
Evolución de los frames sobre ataques yihadistas en España y Reino Unido (2004/5-2017)
Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico
Este artículo compara la cobertura, desde la perspectiva metodológica del framing, de cuatro atentados terroristas en España (2004, 2017) y Reino Unido (2005, 2017), con más de una década entre ellos, en dos periódicos de prestigio, El País y The Guardian. Los resultados del análisis de las 517 informaciones publicadas muestran una evolución sustancial en los encuadres o frames presentes en estos ataques yihadistas, al pasar de centrarse en las víctimas y la destrucción en 2004 y 2005 a priorizar la gestión y persecución del terrorismo en 2017. El énfasis se sitúa en revelar la estrategia y el modus operandi de los terroristas en lugar del caos resultante de sus acciones. En paralelo, la crítica a los errores en la lucha antiterrorista adquiere un peso relevante.