Non-Squamous Cell Neoplasms of the Larynx: Radiologie- Pathologie Correlation1 (original) (raw)
A variety ofbenign and maIignant non-squamous cell neoplasms may affect the larynx. Most of these uncommon laryngeal neoplasms are located beneath an intact mucosa, making diagnosis difficult widl endoscopy alone, and sampling ecrors may occur if only traditional superficial biopsies are performed. ln sorne laryngeal neoplasms, radiologic evaluation allows the cocrect diagnosis. Hemangiomas have very high signal intensity at T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and strong enhancement at both computed tomography (Cf) and MR imaging after administration of contrast material. Phleboliths, which are pathognomonic for he-mangiomas, are easily identified at cr. Chondrogenic tumors typically manifest with coarse or stippled calcifications at cr. Because of their high water content, chondrogenic tumors have very high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, whereas only moderate enhancement is observed after administration of contrast material. Lipomas typically manifest at both cr and MR imaging as homogeneous nonenhancing lesions. They are isoattenuating to subcutaneous fat at cr and iso-intense relative to subcutaneous fat with all MR pulse sequences. Metastases from renal adenocarcinoma typically demonstrate strong contrast enhancement and flow voids at MR imaging, and metastases from melanotic melanoma usually have high signal intensity on Tl-weighted MR images and low signal intensity on T2-weighted images owing to the paramagnetic properties of melanin. Although ra-diologic fmdings are nonspecific in most other non-squamous cell neoplasms of the larynx (eg, Kaposi sarcoma, hematopoietic tumors, tumors of the minor saIi-vary glands, metastases from amelanotic melanoma), cross-sectional imaging can play an important role in the diagnostic work-up of these unusual tumors by delin-eating the extent of submucosal tumor spread and directing the endoscopist to the appropriate site for the deep, transmucosal biopsies needed to establish the diagnosis. ln addition, cr and MR imaging are crucial for posttherapeutic monitoring and early detection of local recucrence. Abbreviation: AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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