RESTORATION OF LATVIAN ALFALFA (Medicago sativa) GENETIC RESOURCES PERSPECTIVE FOR BREEDING SELEKCIJAI PERSPEKTĪVU LATVIJAS LUCERNAS (Medicago sativa) ĢENĒTISKO RESURSU ATJAUNOŠANA (original) (raw)
Related papers
RESTORATION OF LATVIAN ALFALFA (Medicago sativa) GENETIC RESOURCES PERSPECTIVE FOR BREEDING
Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2015
We have carried out restoring of some Latvian alfalfa genetic resources from seeds of accessions that did not germinate in soil at all. Two of them were repatriated from the N. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry (multiplied more than 40 years ago) and three from the Research Institute of Agriculture (Latvia) (multiplied 15-20 years ago). For germination of old seeds we used early elaborated in vitro culture conditions. Germination rate ranged 2-60%, depending from the genotype and seeds storage conditions. Plantlets with well developed roots and 2-3 leaves were planted in the substrate in small pots and grown in a greenhouse about a month, then replanted in the soil in field conditions and grown till the maturity. Restored accessions are available now for evaluation and involving in the alfalfa breeding programs.
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2002
Five Bulgarian alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.} with valuable economic traits were screened for their regeneration capability via indirect somatic embryogenesis. As explants, leaves and petioles of in vitro grown plants were used. Different media and growth regulators were tested. The screened varieties showed different regeneration capacity. All of them formed friable embryogenic callus on media, containing 2, 4-D for almost equal period of time-45-60 days. Media with ammonium and sulfur ions, 3g/l proline, 1gll casein hydrolysate, 0,5mg/l BAP+250mgll casein hydrolysate and MS basal were suitable for development, maturation and conversation of somatic embryos for three of the tested cultivars. Regenerants from Obnova 10, Pleven 6 and Vera cultivars were successfully transferred in green house conditions. Highly regenerable genotype-Obnova 10 was selected and R4 line with superior embryogenic potential was isolated. Low frequency of embryo formation without following conversion into plantlets was observed in cultivars Victoria and Osam.
Methodology of alfalfa breeding: A review of recent achievements
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2003
In this paper, we review achievements recently reported in methodology of alfalfa breeding, with a focus on breeding criteria, mainly for forage quality and resistance to stress, and methodology, with a special concern to characterisation and management of genetic resources. A major part of the paper is dedicated to progresses in molecular biology. Thanks to the vicinity to the model species Medicago truncatula, genomic databases, knowledge and tools were developed. In the same time, theoretical developments were made for development of linkage maps for autotetraploid species. As a result, QTLs are located for an increasing number of traits. Candidate genes will be shortly identified. The possible applications of these advances are discussed, especially as they could provide new insights into the functioning of alfalfa canopies, that are complex because of the genetic diversity and of the complex physical structure. Recent achievements in transgenesis are also described.
Recovering Genetic Resources of Some Legume Species of Latvian Origin by Plant Tissue Culture
Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences, 2013
Accessions with no germinating seeds are a common problem in plant gene banks and research institutions. Our goal was to elaborate and apply an in vitro method of germination and multiplication of old aged seeds of red and alsike clover and alfalfa. Eighteen clover and five alfalfa accessions were used for germination in vitro. Most of the accessions had produced seeds more than 20 years ago and the seeds did not germinate in soil. Seed pre-treatment with different concentrations of potassium permanganate, as well as addition of phytohormones, AgNO3 and activated carbon to germinating media were tested. Plantlets for all germinated accessions were obtained, even in the case when seeds were 44-year-old (alfalfa). Germination rate in vitro not always correlated with seed age and ranged from 2 to 72%. Pre-treatment with potassium permanganate was effective both for seeds sterilisation and germination stimulation. Most germinated seeds formed phenotypically normal seedlings with all org...
NEW ROMANIAN CULTIVARS OF ALFALFA DEVELOPED AT NARDI FUNDULEA
2000
This paper presents 4 new cultivars of alfalfa (Sandra, Cosmina, Adin and Carina) which have been registered during the last 4 years (2003-2006) as result of selection for high fodder and seed yield, quality and adaptability to various environmental conditions. They are synthetic cultivars obtained by recombination of foreign and Ro- manian germplasm. These cultivars are characterized by rapid growth
Phenotypic Diversity of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Germplasm
POLJOPRIVREDA, 2011
The objective of this study was to evaluate phenotypic diversity in the alfalfa germplasm collections using multivariate analysis to examine the extent of genetic diversity and contribution of selected characters to the total diversity and finally to select the most promising clusters/populations for further breeding work. Forty alfalfa populations/cultivars of different geographical origin were evaluated for 12 agro-morphological characters during two consecutive years. The populations/ cultivars were grouped into six clusters. In most cases populations/cultivars within clusters were not associated with their geographical origin. Intercluster distances were larger than the intracluster ones. This research revealed a broad phenotypic diversity within and between the alfalfa germplasm collections. The following characters contributed most to the total phenotypic diversity: dry matter yield in the first production year, plant height and length of central leaflet. Based on the mean value of the evaluated characters and determined distances between clusters, the most promising populations/cultivars belong to the clusters IV and V. Selected populations/cultivars could be considered as a valuable genetic material for the yield and quality improvement of alfalfa in our breeding programme.
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 2021
The field expedition has collected 144 samples at the ecotype level of seven wild alfalfa species, which are the source of adaptive properties. One part of the original seeds has been placed for medium-term storage as the gene pool, and the other part has been sown in the culture to use wild-growing species in recurrent breeding. It has been found that the productivity of wild species is inferior to that of M. sativa L., but they are valuable as a source of adaptation traits: drought tolerance, salt tolerance, and winter hardiness, which are important with the development of recurrent breeding to adapt the crops to the global climate change. The yield of the hybrid plants in the offspring from crossing seven ecotypes of M. falcata L. (yellow-flowered) with M. sativa L. (blue-flowered) using a marker-trait has been established: the hybrid nature of the plants obtained from free entomophilic cross-pollination has been established, and the yield of the hybrid plants has amounted to 61 ...
Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment , 2011
This research was carried out to develop synthetic cultivar of alfalfa with high forage yield and high quality under Mediterranean environment of Turkey during 2002-2009. To ensure a broad range of genetic variability, different alfalfa entries including cultivars, introductions and bulked populations, collected from different sources, were used to establish source nursery. From the original source nursery 380 superior plants (genotypes) out of 7680 individuals were selected and cloned. Thirty-two selected plants from the clonal line nursery were cloned and transplanted to an isolated polycross seed production nursery and were allowed to intermate randomly. Seeds were harvested from all propagules within a clone, composited and sown in replicated progeny test plots. In the progeny plots 32 lines and two standard check cultivars (Mesa-Sirsa and Artal) were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP) content, crude protein yield (CPY), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral ...
Selection of regenerative genotypes from highly productive cultivars of alfalfa
1990
Seedlings from Canadian alfalfa cultivars Algonquin and Apica were selected on the basis of ability to regenerate plants from hypocotyl callus . A total of eleven genotypes were selected, resulting in regeneration frequencies of 4 .5 and 11 .7% for Algonquin and Apica, respectively . Regeneration capacity within these cultivars was also compared with cultivars and breeding lines for which regeneration frequencies have previously been documented . Two genotypes (Al 93 and Ap 20) exhibited prolific embryogenesis from hypocotyl and petiole callus and also regenerated plants from suspension culture . Flowering and seed set have been observed for regenerated plants.
Genetic transformation of commercial breeding lines of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1995
Bio-engineering technologies are now routinely used for the genetic improvement of many agricultural crops. However, breeding lines of Medicago sativa are not easily amenable to genetic transformation and therefore cannot benefit from the molecular tools that have been developed for genetic manipulations. This paper describes a strategy that has been developed to transfer DNA into commercially important breeding lines of winter-hardy alfalfa via Agrobacterium infection. Three highly regenerative genotypes have been selected from ca 1000 genotypes within 11 breeding lines. They have been used as basic material for an extensive genetic transformation trial. Combinations of genotypes (11.9, 8.8, 1.5) expression vectors (pGA482, pGA643, pBibKan) and bacterial strains (C58, A281, LBA4404) were tested for their ability to produce stable transgenic material. Putative transgenic plantlets were further screened by nptII-specific PCR amplification, Southern hybridization and recallusing assays. One genotype (1.5) gave only one transformant out of 432 individual trials. With the two other genotypes, efficiency of transformation (kanamycin-resistant calluses obtained/explant tested) ranged from 0 to 0.92 depending on the strain/vector combination used. Statistical interactions underline the possibility of obtaining good genotype-strainvector combinations for alfalfa transformation. Predicted transformation probability indicates that with strain LBA4404 containing the vector pGA482 and genotype 11.9, transformation efficiency is above 60% and 10% or more of the calluses retain embryogenic potential. PCR amplification and Southern hybridization of randomly chosen regenerated plantlets demonstrated that all embryos developing on 50 #g ml-1 kanamycin had a stable genomic insertion of nptlI. Sexual crosses with untransformed genotypes showed that segregation of the transgenic trait followed Mendelian heredity.