6. Hellenistic and Roman Terracotta Figurines and Architectural Fragments. In AMORIUM REPORTS 3: The Lower City Enclosure Finds Reports and Technical Studies (original) (raw)
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This paper presents results from the ongoing excavation and analysis of the Hellenistic and Roman terracotta figurines and architectural fragments discovered at the Lower City Enclosure of the ancient Byzantine city of Amorium, Turkey. Emphasizing key finds from the site and contextualizing them within the broader archaeological landscape, it serves as a comprehensive resource for scholars interested in the material culture of the period.
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Observations on the Early Byzantine city of Amorium (4th-7th centuries)
"Amorium, situated in the Phrygian highlands of Asia Minor, has been under systematic excavation for more than twenty years, and the material that has been uncovered and published have enriched largely our perception of Early Medieval and Middle Byzantine cities. The extensive Early Medieval ruins and the constant habitation of the whole site during the different Byzantine periods from the 4th to the 11th centuries, mean that space and building material have been in a constant reuse and recycle. This condition has made difficult so far to investigate in great detail the earlier phases of the settlement, mainly the Early Byzantine/Late Antique phase. Nonetheless, the Early Byzantine city is more than present everywhere on site: in all aspects of later buildings and finds uncovered in Amorium either as substructure or as recycled material. Some first points on the Early Byzantine/Late Antique city have been already made: the whole of the settlement received a new fortification during the late 5th century followed by a large construction program embellishing the cityscape with more than four monumental new Christian churches in elongated basilica ground plans, along with baths and other large buildings of civic function. Evidence like these constitute to the creation of an important Phrygian center on the major inland roads of Anatolia connecting east and west, and a rising ecclesiastical center with a metropolitan seat, lavishly decorated churches, and frequented by important religious figures like St. Theodore of Sykeon. Contrary to the main narrative concerning the growth and decline of Early Byzantine cities that follows a linear evolution of expansion from the 5th to the 6th c. and gradual decline from the end of the 6th to the 7th c., and as a result of certain historical conditions, Amorium seems to be governed by a different fate, that caused the Late Antique city to still flourish during the Early Medieval period (7th-8th c.) and provide evidence of growth in different than the Late Antique patterns. Aim of this paper is to reassess the material for the Early Byzantine city of Amorium from the 4th to the 7th centuries AD and combine archaeological and textual evidence in order to better describe the evolution of the old Phrygian settlement from a minor roman town to a robust Late Antique urban center and eventually to one of the most important cities in Byzantine Anatolia."
Studi e Ricerche Della Scuola DI Specializzazione in Beni Archeologici DI Matera
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Τhis paper concerns the most prominent church of the Middle Byzantine period in Thessaloniki (Greece), which is dated to 1028 and is known by the modern name «Panagia ton Chalkeon». It is located in the middle of the lower part of the Byzantine city, near the main road, very close to the ancient forum and the Byzantine “Megalophoros” and integrated in the famous region of “Katafygi.” Our study focuses on two main topics: A. On the comparative examination of the information from historical sources and archaeological data about the founder of the church, the “glorious imperial protospatharios and katepano Lagouvardias” Christophoros and his family, his connection to Thessaloniki and the South of Italy and the reason for his donation. B. On the mission of the church as part of an urban monastery complex, contrary to the prevalent theory, according to which the church was erected as a personal ecclesiastic and funeral institution of its founders. The argumentation supporting the new int...
N. Kontogiannis and T. Uygar (eds.), Spaces and Communities in Byzantine Anatolia, 5th Sevgi Gönul Symposium, Istanbul, 2021
The city of Amorium located in the highlands of Phrygia in Asia Minor challenges the usual streamline narrative about the evolution of byzantine cities. Although it was already an important Early Byzantine town and bishopric (4th-6th c.), it flourished and became one of the most important cities of Asia Minor after the 7th c. and until its final abandonment in late 11th c. Amorium was benefitted from the new thematic organization of the Byzantine provinces after the 7th c. as it became the provincial “capital” city of the thema of Anatolikon, seat of a general and a critical base for the military and the civic administration in central and western Asia Minor. Amorium has been the subject of systematic excavation for more than two decades, and numerous civic and religious buildings have been unearthed in this process offering a wealth of information on the Early Byzantine, the Byzantine Early Medieval, and the Middle Byzantine phases of the city. Since 2013 a new side-project has been running focused on analyzing the historical landscape of Amorium with the use of excavation data, survey information, satellite and aerial imagery in a consolidated Geographical Information System environment. Focus of this newer project has been the western part of the lower city of Amorium, mostly unexplored until now. Aim of the proposed paper will be to combine elements from older excavation with the new informative background in order to establish the characteristics of the city (city grid, land use, monumentality) and ascertain their change from the Late Roman times to the Early Middle Ages.
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