Geochemical appraisal of fluoride-laden groundwater in Suri I and II blocks, Birbhum district, West BengalApplied Water Science (original) (raw)
Related papers
Applied Water Science, 2016
The present study has been carried out covering two blocks-Suri I and II in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. The evaluation focuses on occurrence, distribution and geochemistry in 26 water samples collected from borewells spread across the entire study area homogeneously. Quantitative chemical analysis of groundwater samples collected from the present study area has shown that samples from two locations-Gangta and Dhalla contain fluoride greater than the permissible limit prescribed by WHO during both post-monsoon and pre-monsoon sampling sessions. Significant factor controlling geochemistry of groundwater has been identified to be rock-water interaction processes during both sampling sessions based on the results of Gibb's diagrams. Geochemical modeling studies have revealed that fluorite (CaF 2) is, indeed, present as a significant fluoride-bearing mineral in the groundwaters of this study area. Calcite or CaCO 3 is one of the most common minerals with which fluorite remains associated, and saturation index calculations have revealed that the calcite-fluorite geochemistry is the dominant factor controlling fluoride concentration in this area during both post-and pre-monsoon. High fluoride waters have also been found to be of 'bicarbonate' type showing increase of sodium in water with decrease of calcium.
Water Science, 2017
High fluoride (F −) groundwater causes fluorosis which might at severe stages lead to deformation of bones, bilateral lameness. The concentration of F − ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 mg/L. This study suggests that high HCO 3 − and Na + in alkaline medium along with water-rock interaction plays important role in enrichment of F − in groundwater. Na-HCO 3 is the dominant water type followed by Ca-HCO 3 suggesting dominance of Na + , Ca 2+ and HCO 3 − ions in groundwater. Factor analysis of water quality parameters suggests that four principal components account for 74.66% of total variance in the dataset. Factor 1 shows higher positive loading for pH, HCO 3 − negative loading for F − , Ca 2+ , SO 4 2− depicting ion-exchange and HCO 3 dominant water type responsible for F enrichment in groundwater. Saturation index for selected minerals suggests that most of the samples are oversaturated with calcite and undersaturated with fluorite. Calcite precipitation leads to the removal of Ca 2+ from solution thus allowing more fluorite to dissolve. These released Ca 2+ ions combine with CO 3 2− ions to further enhance the precipitation of CaCO 3 .
Geochemistry of fluoride rich groundwater in a weathered granitic rock region, southern India
Groundwater used for drinking should contain various ions within the prescribed limits for drinking purpose proposed by various health organizations. Keeping into account, this study was carried out with an objective to understand the present status of fluoride occurrence in groundwater, its spatio-temporal variation and sources in a part of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Groundwater samples were collected and monitored for fluoride concentration in forty five wells from March 2008 to January 2010. The concentration of fluoride in groundwater varied from 0.07 mg/l to 8.8 mg/l. The spatial variation in groundwater level and fluoride concentration indicated that fluoride concentration increases along the flow direction. The vertical variation in fluoride concentration indicated that the fluoride concentration was relatively higher in wells having a depth ranging from 5.1 to 10 m i.e. wells penetrating upto the weathered part of the formation had more concentration of fluoride. Granitic rocks rich in fluoride and application of fertilisers containing fluoride were the main causes for fluoride contaminated groundwater in this area. This two year study carried out by regular collection of samples once every two months showed that only 55 km2 of the total 724 km2 considered for the study had groundwater suitable for drinking and domestic purpose with respect to fluoride. It is very important to adopt groundwater management measures at the earliest to improve the groundwater quality in this area as the local people depend on groundwater for their everyday needs.
Groundwaters with high fluoride (F −) concentration up to 13.61 mg/L occur in some parts of the Quaternary alluvial aquifer of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. The high F − groundwater zones are mainly located in the discharge areas of Dwarka river basin, especially in places where groundwater occurs at a depth of 24-30 m within alluvial sediments, consisting of micaceous sand, silt and clay. Soil depth samples were collected from the 3 bore holes drilled up to about 30 m depth for geochemical analysis. Total F − in the sedimentary material from the drilled holes measured about 400 to 450 mg/kg at deeper depth in CS1 and CS3 but no abnormal values found in CS2. XRD, XRF and total F − analyses of sediments from aquifer zone reveal that, the presence of intercalated zeolitic clay within the aquifer sand is the major source of F − in groundwater. Furthermore, geochemical investigations and laboratory analysis emphasize that sorption and de-sorption of intercalated zeolitic clay at different pH levels along with ion-exchange are the major mobilising factors for F − in pre-and post-monsoon seasons. Most of the groundwater having fast recharge component either from flowing canals or rainfall, contains relatively depleted δ 18 O content (− 5 to − 4‰). However, δ 18 O content has no correlation either with Cl − or F − that shows more than one contaminant sources.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2011
The groundwater is the only source of drinking water in the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan, India. The study area is a part of the Thar Desert. It has low and scattered population and no industries; hence, the possibility of anthropogenic input of fluoride is almost negligible. Thus, the enrichment of fluoride is only possible due to geochemical processes taking place in the groundwater of the region. A total of 100 groundwater samples, 34 samples from Jaisalmer and 66 samples from the Pokharan administrative blocks, were collected. It was observed that the concentration of fluoride ranged from 0.08 mg/l to 4.56 mg/l in the groundwater of Jaisalmer and from 0.56 mg/l to 6.60 mg/l in the samples of the Pokharan block. The alkaline condition (average pH, 7.7 AE 0.22 and 8.01 AE 0.25 in Jaisalmer and the Pokharan administrative block, respectively) in the region favours fluorite dissolution. Ion exchange, dissolution of calcite, semi-arid climate, alkaline conditions and weathering are responsible for fluoride enrichment in the groundwater of the study area.
Geochemistry of Fluoride bearing groundwater in parts of Telangana state, India
Hydrogeochemical investigations carried out in parts of granitic tracts of Telangana region of India revealed that the fluoride concentrations in the groundwater are much higher than the prescribed limit (>1.5mg/l). It is observed that fluorine bearing minerals like fluorite and apatite present in granitic rocks are the major source for the excessive fluoride in groundwater. Geology of the area and climatic conditions play vital role for the high concentrations of fluoride in groundwater. In addition, depletion of groundwater levels due to climatic changes is another factor for high incidence of fluorosis.
Hydrochemical analysis, geological study and evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes play a crucial role to understand the variability of fluoride ion concentration in groundwater. The present study is focused on a watershed boundary comprising of parts of two river basins namely Ruparail and Banganga within Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. Administratively, the study area is covered in five blocks of Bharatpur district viz. Deeg, Kaman, Nagar, Pahari and Kumher. The study area and sampling locations were identified based on the spectral signatures of satellite data, literature study and field-based experience. Seventy-five groundwater samples were collected for pre and post-monsoon seasons, separately. The hydrochemical results have shown that Banganga basin has experienced greater fluoride enrichment in groundwater as compared to Ruparail basin. Both the basins have experienced more groundwater samples in the class of high-risk water (more than 1.5 mg/l F −) during the post-monsoon season due to mineral dissolution with the surface runoff water in the aquifer material. The shallow aquifers (< 40 m bgl) have experienced high fluoride distribution in groundwater as compared to deeper aquifers (> 40 m bgl). The spatiotemporal interpolation maps for fluoride ion concentration generated by following inverse distance weighted (IDW) method have shown the varied fluoride concentration with geologic, geomorphic and seismotectonic features. Chadha's plot for hydrochemical facies has revealed that the groundwater of the study area is mainly of Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl type. The evaluation of hydrochemical facies has suggested that Na-Cl water type is having elevated fluoride ion concentration as compared to Ca-Mg-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO 3 water types. The interpretation of hydrogeochemical processes based on scatter plots of hydrochemical parameters has revealed that processes such as silicate weathering, direction exchange, mineral dissolution and rock-water interaction are responsible for fluoride augmentation in groundwater. The enrichment is also governed by evaporation, semiarid environment, salinity hazard and overdraft of groundwater. The water types having inhibited fluoride ion concentration are found dominated with carbonate weathering and recharge water (Ca-Mg-HCO 3 type) and reverse-ion exchange process (Ca-Mg-Cl type). Moreover, the geochemical modeling is indicative of under-saturation of fluorite with over-saturation of calcite and dolomite, augmenting fluoride ion concentration in groundwater. The comprehensive understanding of hydrogeochemical processes controlling fluoride enrichment is found useful for planning strategies adopted for providing safe drinking water in a sustainable way.
Hydrogeochemistry of fluoride-rich groundwaters in semiarid region of Central India
Geochemical and hydrogeochemical studies were conducted to assess the origin and geochemical mechanisms driving the fluoride enrichment in groundwaters of semiarid regions in Central India. The study region is geologically occupied by Precambrian rocks (granites, pegmatites, gneisses, schists, etc.) where groundwater occurs under unconfined condition. Majority of the groundwater locations did not meet the potable water criteria as they contained excess fluoride (>1.5 mg/l). The greater concentrations of fluoride were recorded in the monsoon followed by post-monsoon and pre-monsoon. Ionic composition and hydrogeochemical facies revealed the dominance of carbonate weathering and alkalinity that favors high dissolved fluoride in groundwaters. The values of dissociation constant showed slow weathering of fluorite and fast weathering of calcite in the study area. Rainfall shifted the unsaturated to saturated values of SI C and SI in the monsoon. The factor analysis and saturation indices revealed geogenic origin of fluoride, a condition responsible for perennial fluoride problem in the study region.
Spatial Distribution of Fluoride in Groundwater of Narasinghpur Block, Cuttack, Odisha, India
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Aims: Fluoride-rich groundwater is common in granite aquifers throughout India and the world. The fluoride concentration of tube well water was investigated in this study. Also discussion was made on fluorides and their correlation with other water-quality indicators. Place and Duration of Study: The research area i.e. Narasinghpur block fall in the western half of the Cuttack district of Odisha under lateritic uplands and hilly tract. Before the rainy season (January, 2020), fifty two groundwater samples from different places in Narasinghpur were collected. Methodology: Standard procedures were used for collecting, preserving, analysing, and interpreting several parameters viz., pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3-, CO32-, F- etc. of water samples. Results: The content of fluoride ranged from 0.58 to 4.95 mg L-1. Fluoride containing minerals released into groundwater due to the alkaline pH and high bicarbonate levels. The arid environment of the region, the predominance of granitic, khon...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2012
The present investigation reports the assessment of hydrochemical/geochemical processes controlling the concentration of fluoride in groundwater of a village in India (Boden block, Orissa). Boden block is one of the severely affected fluoride-contaminated areas in the state of Orissa (India). The sampling and subsequent analysis of water samples of the study area was carried out following standard prescribed methods. The results of the analysis indicate that 36.60% groundwater F − concentration exceeds the limit prescribed by the World Health Organization for drinking water. The rock interaction with groundwater containing high concentration of HCO 3 − and Na + at a higher pH value of the medium could be one of the important reasons for the release of F − from the aquatic matrix into groundwater. Geochemical classification of groundwater based on Chadha rectangular diagram shows that most of the groundwater samples having fluoride concentration more than 1.5 mg L −1 belongs to the Na-K-HCO 3 type. The saturation index values evaluated for the groundwater of the study area indicated that it is oversaturated with respect to calcite, whereas the same is undersaturated with respect to fluorite content. The deficiency of calcium ion concentration in the groundwater from calcite precipitation favors fluorite dissolution leading to excess of fluoride concentration. The risk index was calculated as a function of fluoride level in drinking water and morbidity of fluorosis categorizes high risk for villages of Amera and Karlakote panchayat of Boden block.