The Modern Antisemitism-Israel Model- Empirical Studies of North American Antisemitism (original) (raw)
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13. Antisemitisms in the Twenty-First Century
Antisemitism in the North
This article deals with antisemitism in Europe and post-Holocaust Sweden and Denmark specifically. The idea that it is always "the sameold antisemitism" that pops up and "shows its ugly face" does not find support in this study. Instead, we distinguish between three different kindso fc ontemporary antisemitisms: Classic antisemitism, Aufklärungsantisemitismus,a nd Israel-derived antisemitism. Our findingssuggest that each of these antisemitisms is inspired by different underlying "philosophies," and thatt hey are carriedb yd ifferent social groups and manifested in different ways. In the Scandinavian countries today, we find that there is less classic antisemitism, much more Aufklärungsantisemitismus,a nd ar elatively strongerp resence of Israel-deriveda ntisemitism. In our analysis this specificallyS candinavian pattern of antisemitisms is closelyr elated to the highlydevelopedp rocesses of modernization in the Scandinavian countries on the one hand and the relatively large numbers of recentlya rrivedi mmigrantsf rom the Middle East on the other. This appears to implyt hat antisemitism based on racial prejudices is losing ground, as is antisemitism basedonreligious convictions. However,according to the European Union Agency ForF undamental Rights (FRA)i nAntisemitism: Overview of Data Available in the European Union2007-2017 (Luxembourg: LuxembourgP ublications Office of the European Union, 2018), the incidence of violent antisemitic attacks seems to be on the rise. These typically emanate from small pockets of individuals in the population who share an image of all Jews being accomplices to whatever the State of Israel does. Considering how the processes of modernization operate it is assumedt hat other countries in Europe will follow as imilar trajectory.R ationalization, secularization, and individuation will also come to penetrate these societies and weaken notions of "race" and "religion" as springboards for antisemitism. Thus, tendencies towards Aufklärungsantisemitismus will be strengthened. If integrating and getting rid of the marginalization and condescending treatment of its newlyarrived Muslim inhabitants does not succeed, Israel-derivedantisemitism can be expectedtothrive.The pattern of antisemitismsinDenmarkand Sweden might be ap review of what antisemitisms in twenty-first-century Europe could come to look like.
The Modern Anti-Semitism Israel Model: An empirical relationship between modern anti-Semitism and opposition to Israel Kurzfassung: Der vorliegende Aufsatz berichtet über unser Forschungsprogramm, das einige der Ursachen und Konsequenzen des Antisemitismus unter der Perspektive eines neuen theoretischen Modells untersucht, das in Form von sechs Experimenten getestet wurde. Das Modell nimmt an, dass Antisemitismus durch Mortalitäts-Salienz verstärkt wird und dass sich Antisemitismus häufig als Feindseligkeit gegenüber Israel manifestiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in Übereinstimmung mit unseren Vorhersagen, dass existentiellen Ängste zu verstärktem Antisemitismus und verringerter Unterstützung Israels führen. Insgesamt können diese Ergebnisse als ein vorläufiger Beitrag zur Erklärung der Kontinuität des Antisemitismus dienen.
De Gruyter eBooks, 2023
Antisemitic violence is alwaysareminder of the fragile balance between Jewish life and society.I thappens even in the most thriving communities.Jews are experiencing an increasingfear of violence, afeeling almost ingrained in their identity by thememoryofthe Holocaust.When reviewing antisemitic incidents around the world, it becomes clear that hatredofJews results in growingviolence or worries about the future of Jewish life in Europe. The comparison of current antisemitism in EU memberstatesr evealss everal peculiarities which are almost paradoxical. I have argued in ap revious publicationt hatt he number of violent incidents is not necessarilyi ndicativeo ft he intensity of antisemitic sentiments in the country wherethishappens.Undoubtedly, it is anecessary condition for defining antisemitism, but it is not sufficient.¹ Perceptions drivenbythe hatredofthe Jews-i. e. antisemitism-werecollected and encapsulated in the "Working Definitiono fA ntisemitism" published in 2004 by the European MonitoringC entre on Racism and Xenophobia. Although not legallyb inding,t he definition was meant to provide apractical guide to identifying incidents, collecting data and supporting future antisemitism-related legislation.² Few governments have accepted and used the definition,e veni fo nlyf or the purposeo ft raining lawe nforcement organisations-the United Kingdom de
A Framework for Assessing Antisemitism. Three Case Studies (Dieudonné, Erdoğan, and Hamas)
Scholars of antisemitism often describe antisemitic incidents and developments in detail, sometimes including an analysis of possible sources. Much work has also been done to make the case that some statements, incidents, or individuals are indeed antisemitic. In this chapter, I argue that, in times of rising antisemitism, more research is needed to go one step further and assess, within their context, the potential impact and threat of antisemitic attitudes, incidents, individuals, or organizations under investigation. I propose a framework to assess the potential consequences that arise from contemporary manifestations of antisemitism and apply it to three case studies: French comedian Dieudonné M'bala M'bala, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and the Palestinian terrorist organization Hamas.
THE NEW ANTI-SEMITISM ON THE STREETS OF EUROPE [Article No. 1 on Anti-Semitism Series]
THE ROOT COUSE of the Anti-Semitism is a very, very complex formula, with religious elements, mixed with economics, cultural inequalities, social conjecture, philosophical in nature, related to human relations, geography, location, traditions, etc. Anti-Semitism differs from region to region, from community to community. Anti-Semitism continually evolved into many branches over period of more than two thousand years. “…As it goes with Israel, so will it go with all of us. Should Israel perish, the Holocaust will be upon us…” | Eric Hoffer, May 1968.
The collective Jew: Israel and the new antisemitism
Patterns of Prejudice, 2001
For Theodor Herzl, Zionism, in the sense of a political movement to establish a sovereign Jewish state, offered the only workable solution to the problem of antisemitism. Some commentators today speak of a 'new antisemitism'. They claim, first, that there is a new wave or outbreak of hostility towards Jews that began with the start of the second Palestinian intifada in September 2000 and is continuing at the present time. Second, and more fundamentally, the 'new antisemitism' is said to involve a new form or type of hostility towards Jews: hostility towards Israel. This is the claim under discussion in Klug's paper. The claim implies an equivalence between (a) the individual Jew in the old or classical version of antisemitism and (b) the state of Israel in the new or modern variety. Klug argues that this concept is confused and that the use to which it is put gives a distorted picture of the facts. He begins by recalling classical antisemitism, the kind that led to the persecution of European Jewry to which Herzl's Zionism was a reaction. On this basis, he briefly reformulates the question of whether and when hostility towards Israel is antisemitic. He then discusses the so-called new form of antisemitism, especially the equation of anti-Zionism with antisemitism. He concludes by revisiting Herzl's vision in light of the situation today.