Water requirements and crop coefficients of tropical forest seedlings in different shading conditions (original) (raw)
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This work aimed to determine the crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and water use efficiency (WUE) of four forest species in Fabaceae family as Adenanthera pavonina, Cassia fistula, Parkia pendula and Hymenolobium petraeum, in three shading levels with poliefinas black screen (0, 50, and 65%), in Sinop-MT region. The Kc values were determined through ratio between ETc and ETo (reference evapotranspiration). The ETo was estimated by Penmam-Monteith FAO 56 methodology. The ETc values were determined by containers weighing with plants from 21 DAT (days after transplanting). Exotic species as Adenanthera pavonina and Cassia fistula had the highest values of ETc, Kc and WUE in three shading levels in comparison with native species as Parkia pendula and Hymenolobium petraeum. The forest species indicated at 71 DAT were ready for the next seedlings production process phase. The average Kc values ranged from 0.72 at 0.83 under full sun; 0.61 at 0.73 to 50% shading; and 0.58 at 0.66 to 65% shading. The leaf area index showed increasing trend with evapotranspiration stabilization after total substrate coverage. Occurred differences between native and exotic species in cumulative evapotranspiration.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
The scarcity of information on the agroclimatic and ecophysiological requirements of forest species, especially in the initial phase, limits the production of quality seedlings, the planning and optimization of nurseries. The potential evapotranspiration, crop coefficients (kc) and water sensitivity coefficients (ky) of Amazonian yellow ipe seedlings were determined under different shading conditions and levels of water replacement to the substrate, in the dry period (July to October 2016), in the Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest transition region of the Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The experiment evaluated the full sun and black polyester nets with 35, 50, 65 and 80% shading, and the levels of water replacement to the substrate of 25, 50, 75 and 100% ETc in a split-plot scheme, with irrigation fractions established according to the maximum water retention capacity of the substrate. The water consumption of Amazonian yellow ipe was 239.2, 228.6, 204.1, 185.7 and 136.3 mm for cultivation unde...
Water use in the growth of atlantic forest tree species seedlings under different shading levels
Ciência e Agrotecnologia
The increase in the demand for seedlings of native tree species makes it important to determine their water and light requirements, which are important factors in their production, in terms of costs and time. Water use and productivity in the growth of seedlings of Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth., Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr and Hymenaea courbaril L. were determined under four light levels (three shading levels and control), using a randomized block design with four replicates. Height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass, as well as Dickson quality index (DQI) were evaluated. The seedlings were transplanted into 280-cm3 plugs, filled with substrate composed of pure biosolids, and irrigated by a drip system with automatic management. The highest total volumes applied were 3.1 L per D. nigra seedling (in 37 and 58% shading), 2.5 L per A. leiocarpa seedling (in 37% shading) and 3.8 L per H. courbaril seedling (in full sun). Growth indices, confirmed by the DQI, indi...
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014
This study determined the thermal requirements of forest native seedlings (Hymenolobium petraeum and Parkia pendula) and exotic seedlings (Adenanthera pavonina and Cassia fistula) all belonging to Fabaceae family, in three shading conditions (full sun, 50% and 65% of global radiation attenuation by poliefinas black screens). Also they were estimated of leaf emergence by Phyllochron and the Wang and Engel models, on climatological conditions at Sinop tion Amazon-Cerrado), Mato Grosso State, Brazil, for winter period (between June and August of 2012). The minimum (Tb) and maximum (T B ) basal temperatures and the optimum temperature (T opt ) of growth of each species were estimated by regressions between relative growth rates and minimum, maximum and average temperatures, respectively. The values of the estimated T b were 15.0˚C, 16.4˚C, 14.5˚C and 14.6˚C; to T B were 39.7˚C, 37.1˚C, 38.6˚C and 40.1˚C; and to T opt were 24.4˚C, 24.9˚C, 24.9˚C and 25.1˚C to A. pavonina, C. fistula, H. petraeum and P. pendula, respectively. The Phyllochron model showed highest efficiency in the estimation of leaf appearance when compared to Wang and Engel method.
Growth of tree seedlings in a tropical dry forest in relation to soil moisture and leaf traits
2013
The growth of plant species in tropical dry forest (TDF) is expected to be largely governed by the availability of soil moisture. In this study we attempt to identify mechanisms by which seedlings of dry tropical trees cope with water stress by adjusting their leaf characteristics to water availability and micro environments, and address following questions: How are leaf traits and relative growth rate (RGR) of the dominant seedling species of TDF affected by seasonal changes in soil moisture content (SMC)? What is the relationship of functional traits with each other? Can leaf traits singly or in combination predict the growth rate of seedling species of TDF? The study was conducted in situ on four sites (viz., Hathinala, Gaighat, Harnakachar and Ranitali, listed in order of decreasing SMC) within the tropical dry deciduous forest in northern India.
2020
ABSTRACTHow co-occurring species vary in the utilization of a shared and limited supply of water, especially in the context of other limiting resources like light, is essential for understanding processes that facilitate species coexistence and community assembly. For seedlings in a seasonally dry tropical forest that experience large heterogeny in light and water conditions, how water use, leaf physiology, and subsequently plant growth, is affected by limited water and light availability is still not well understood. In a controlled common garden experiment with four co-existing and commonly occurring dry tropical forest species, we examined how whole plant water uptake, responds to limiting water and light conditions and whether these responses are reflected in leaf physiology, and translated to growth. Water use varied dramatically in seedlings of the four species with a five-fold difference in well-watered plants grown in full sunlight. Species varied in their response to shade,...
1992
The present work studied the most adequate light intensity for the growth of four native tree species which occur in the State of São Paulo, with the objective of determining its shade tolerance rank at the juvenile phase. The species studied were: (1) Amburana cearensis (Fr. Ali.) A.C.Sm., "cerejeira", family Fabaceae; (2) Zeyhera tuberculosa (Vell) Bur., "ipê-felpudo", family Bignoniaceae; (3) Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Grisebach, "ipê-roxo" family Bignoniaceae and (4) Erythrina speciosa Andr., "suinã" family Fabaceae, whose seedlings were grown under the shade levels of 0, 41, 68 and 82% in relation to the full daylight. Height and diameter growth rates in relation to the shade level, as well as the variation of final height and diameter, shoot dry weight and leaf area as a function of relative light intensity were analyzed. It's stressed the adaptive importance of the results, as well as its silvicultural implications. It was possible to stablish an increasing order of shade tolerance as follows: E. speciosa < Z. tuberculosa < T. avellanedae < A. cearensis. RESUMO-O presente trabalho estudou as intensidades de luz mais adequadas ao crescimento de quatro essências florestais que ocorrem no Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de determinar seu grau de tolerância à sombra na fase de mudas. Foram estudadas mudas de (1) Amburana cearensis (Fr. All.) A.C.Sm., "cerejeira", família Fabaceae; (2) Zeyhera tuberculosa (Vell) Bur., "ipê-felpudo", família Bignoniaceae; (3) Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Grisebach, "ipê-roxo", família Bignoniaceae, e (4) Erythrina speciosa Andr., "suinã", família Fabaceae, crescendo sob níveis de sombreamento de 0, 41, 68 e 82% em relação à luz plena do dia. Avaliaram-se taxas de crescimento em altura e diâmetro do colo em função do sombreamento, bem como a variação da altura e diâmetro finais, matéria seca da parte aérea e área foliar em função da intensidade relativa de luz. Discutiu-se a importância adaptativa dos resultados e suas implicações silviculturais. Pode ser estabelecida uma ordem crescente de tolerância à sombra na seguinte seqüência: E. speciosa < Z. tuberculosa < T. avellanedae < A. cearensis.
The growth of plant species in tropical dry forest (TDF) is expected to be largely governed by the availability of soil moisture. In this study we attempt to identify mechanisms by which seedlings of dry tropical trees cope with water stress by adjusting their leaf characteristics to water availability and micro environments, and address following questions: How are leaf traits and relative growth rate (RGR) of the dominant seedling species of TDF affected by seasonal changes in soil moisture content (SMC)? What is the relationship of functional traits with each other? Can leaf traits singly or in combination predict the growth rate of seedling species of TDF? The study was conducted in situ on four sites (viz., Hathinala, Gaighat, Harnakachar and Ranitali, listed in order of decreasing SMC) within the tropical dry deciduous forest in northern India.
Universitas Scientiarum, 2020
The regenerative success of generalist and specialist species may be due to differences in their physiology. Measurements of stomatal conductance (gS) provide an efficient way to infer immediate physiological responses of plants to diurnal environment variation. Radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity were measured in the Colombian Amazon rainforest, to identify the extreme environmental conditions that limit the gS of seedlings in three site types: small gap, open forest, and closed forest. We hypothesized that the diurnal physiological performance of generalist species must be plastic in these three environments. Morphological traits, gS, and leaf temperature were evaluated in seedlings of four species: one generalist, common to all sites, and one specialist from each site. The gap site was warmer and more irradiated than the other two sites, which caused several midday physiological depressions, limited seedling survival, and facilitated the specialized strategy. Leaf and air temperatures were strong determinants of overall gS. The generalist species was physiologically plastic and, at some hours of the day, more efficient than the specialists from open forest and closed forests. This factor interplay could allow the coexistence of both types of plants.
Growth and photosynthesis of seedlings of four tree species from a dry tropical afromontane forest
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2001
Growth, photosynthesis and carbon allocation pattern were studied in four dry afromontane forest tree species (Olea europea subspecies cuspidata, Podocarpus falcatus, Hagenia abyssinica and Juniperus procera) under varied light regimes in a greenhouse. The objective of the study was to assess the potential of the species for growth under forest canopies and to identify their habitat preferences. The light regimes were created using shade cloth and they corresponded with deep forest understoreys (2% of the light in the open gap); moderate shade (10%), slight shade as is found in edges of forest gaps (20%) and 100% representing open gaps.Seedling biomass was significantly influenced by light regimes for all species as were total leaf area and relative growth rate. H. abyssinica had the highest growth rate but the lowest survival rate in shade. There was a consistent trend for higher specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) at lower growth light regimes in O. europea and P. f...