In-building wideband multipath characteristics at 2.5 and 60 GHz (original) (raw)
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In-Building Wideband Partition Loss Measurements at 2.5 and 60 GHz
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2004
This paper contains measured data and empirical models for 2.5 & 60 GHz in-building propagation path loss and multipath delay spread. Path loss measurements were recorded using a broadband sliding correlator channel sounder which recorded over 39,000 Power Delay Profiles (PDPs) in 22 separate locations in a modern office building. Transmitters and receivers were separated by distances ranging from 3.5 to 27.4 meters, and were separated by a variety of obstructions, in order to create realistic environments for future single-cell-per-room wireless networks. Path loss data is coupled with site-specific information to provide insight into channel characteristics. These measurements and models may aid in the development of future in-building wireless networks in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz and 60 GHz bands. Index Terms-In building propagation, path loss, partition loss, millimeter wavelength. I. INTRODUCTION ver the past decade, the market for wireless service has grown at an unprecedented rate. The industry has expanded from cellular phones and pagers to Personal Communication Systems (PCS), wireless local area networks (WLANs), and broadband wireless services that can provide voice, data, and full-motion video in real time [1]. In order for the visions of 3rd and 4th generation of wireless communication standards to be realized, system design engineers must have a thorough understanding of the wireless channels in which these devices operate. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in providing broadband communications in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and the 60 GHz unlicensed band for WLANs. In particular, the propagation characteristics of the 60 GHz band provides the promise of high spatial frequency reuse, with lowpower transmitters operating in a single-cell-per-room
Indoor Office Plan Environment and Layout-Based mmWave Path Loss Models for 28 GHz and 73 GHz
2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2016
This paper presents large-scale path loss models based on extensive ultra-wideband millimeter-wave propagation measurements performed at 28 GHz and 73 GHz in three typical indoor office layouts-namely: corridor, open-plan, and closedplan. A previous study combined all indoor layouts together, while this study separates them for site-specific indoor large-scale path loss model analysis. Measurements were conducted using a 400 megachips-per-second broadband sliding correlator channel sounder with 800 MHz first null-to-null RF bandwidth for 48 transmitterreceiver location combinations with distances ranging 3.9 m to 45.9 m for both co-and cross-polarized antenna configurations in lineof-sight and non-line-of-sight environments. Omnidirectional path loss values were synthesized from over 14,000 directional power delay profiles and were used to generate single-frequency and multi-frequency path loss models for combined, co-, and crosspolarized antennas. Large-scale path loss models that include a cross-polarization discrimination factor are provided for crosspolarized antenna measurements. The results show the value of using the close-in free space reference distance single and multifrequency path loss models, as they offer simplicity (less parameters) in path loss calculation and prediction, without sacrificing accuracy. Moreover, the current 3GPP floating-intercept path loss model only requires a simple and subtle modification to convert to the close-in free space reference distance models.
2018
This paper presents path loss models based on extensive propagation measurements performed at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz in a modern indoor office layout typical of small and medium-sized businesses, namely: the open-space office. Measurements were conducted using a vector network analyzer which covers frequencies up to 6 GHz, and ultra-wideband omnidirectional vertically-polarized antennas. The data were recorded under the same conditions and with the same antennas for both 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. 940 transmitter-receiver location and height combinations were studied, as well as antenna configurations in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight. A second measurement campaign was conducted to quantify the variation amount on the expected power loss in realistic scenarios that include the effect of people movement and showed that the mean path loss further increases by up to 4 dB due to people's presence and movement, with variations up to 9 dB when the activity level is high.
Electronics
In this paper, a path loss characterization at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies is performed in a typical indoor office environment. Path loss results were derived from propagation channel measurements collected in the 25–40 GHz frequency band, in both line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed-LOS (OLOS) propagation conditions. The channel measurements were performed using a frequency-domain channel sounder, which integrates an amplified radio over fiber (RoF) link to avoid the high losses at mmWave. The path loss was analyzed in the 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 33 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands through the close-in free space reference distance (CI) and the floating-intercept (FI) models. These models take into account the distance dependence of the path loss for a single frequency. Nevertheless, to jointly study the distance and frequency dependence of the path loss, multi-frequency models were considered. The parameters of the ABG (A-alpha, B-beta and G-gamma) and the close-in free space referen...
Measurements of Building Transmission Loss and Delay Spread at 2.5 GHz
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2015
This paper presents the results of measurements of signal transmission loss at 2.5 GHz through 10 urban buildings. This allows the characterization of different types of buildings by effective attenuation constants and consideration of the contribution of the transmitted signal in microcell coverage predictions. Power delay profiles (PDPs) of the received signal were also measured and used to determine the time dispersion parameters of the channel, including the mean excess delay and the rms delay spread.
28 GHz and 73 GHz millimeter-wave indoor propagation measurements and path loss models
2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW), 2015
This paper presents 28 GHz and 73 GHz millimeterwave propagation measurements performed in a typical office environment using a 400 Megachip-per-second broadband sliding correlator channel sounder and highly directional steerable 15 dBi (30 • beamwidth) and 20 dBi (15 • beamwidth) horn antennas. Power delay profiles were acquired for 48 transmitter-receiver location combinations over distances ranging from 3.9 m to 45.9 m with maximum transmit powers of 24 dBm and 12.3 dBm at 28 GHz and 73 GHz, respectively. Directional and omnidirectional path loss models and RMS delay spread statistics are presented for line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight environments for both co-and cross-polarized antenna configurations. The LOS omnidirectional path loss exponents were 1.1 and 1.3 at 28 GHz and 73 GHz, and 2.7 and 3.2 in NLOS at 28 GHz and 73 GHz, respectively, for vertically-polarized antennas. The mean directional RMS delay spreads were 18.4 ns and 13.3 ns, with maximum values of 193 ns and 288 ns at 28 GHz and 73 GHz, respectively.
1.25 GHz path loss prediction models for multifloored buildings
Wireless Sensing and Processing IV, 2009
In this paper, parameter statistics of path loss prediction models are presented for 1.25 GHz within multifloored buildings. Parameters are extracted from analyzed data which was collected from measurements within three buildings. Buildings were chosen with specific considerations such as building footprint shapes and internal design.For the consideration of building footprint, a building having rectangular footprint and a building having square footprint were chosen. Because of its internal design, the third building was chosen to represent buildings with an atrium. Results show that, buildings with square footprint caused higher path loss compared to rectangular footprint buildings. It is also found that, buildings with an atrium have the lowest path loss exponent and lowest floor attenuation factor among other considered buildings. A model for path loss prediction is proposed for multifloor buildings with its internal design allows lineof-sight (LOS) and non line-of-sight (NLOS), even though transmitter and receiver are not on the same floor. The model takes into consideration the factor of transmission type, whether it is LOS or NLOS. The proposed model has reduced the standard deviation of error prediction, which indicates better prediction accuracy is achieved.
Indoor Office Propagation Measurements and Path Loss Models at 5.25 GHz
2007
Based on 5.25 GHz wideband channel measurements performed in indoor office environment, empirical path loss models in in-room line-of-sight (LoS), room-corridor, and room-room non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation conditions are developed for future wireless radio systems. One-slope and dual-slope log-distance models are adopted in in-room LoS and room-corridor conditions, respectively. In room-room NLoS condition, we propose the enhanced attenuation factor models: AF-extended and AF-linear models to further explore the effect of medium walls, heavy walls and doors. This work offers valuable propagation measurements in a frequency range that is being considered allocating to IMT-advanced systems.
Indoor office wideband penetration loss measurements at 73 GHz
2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)
This paper presents millimeter wave (mmWave) penetration loss measurements and analysis at 73 GHz using a wideband sliding correlator channel sounder in an indoor office environment. Penetration loss was measured using a carefully controlled measurement setup for many common indoor building materials such as glass doors, glass windows, closet doors, steel doors, and whiteboard writing walls. Measurements were conducted using narrowbeam transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) horn antennas that were boresight-aligned with a test material between the antennas. Overall, 21 different locations were measured for 6 different materials such that the same type of material was tested in at least two locations in order to characterize the effect of penetration loss for materials with similar composition. As shown here, attenuation through common materials ranged between 0.8 dB/cm and 9.9 dB/cm for co-polarized antennas, while cross-polarized antennas exhibited similar attenuation for most materials, but up to 23.4 dB/cm of attenuation for others. The penetration loss results presented here are useful for site-specific planning tools that will model indoor mmWave networks, without the need for expensive measurement campaigns.
Indoor Multi-wall Path Loss Model at 1.93 GHz
MILCOM 2013 - 2013 IEEE Military Communications Conference, 2013
This paper studies a multi-wall path loss propagation model for an indoor environment at 1.93 GHz of transmission frequency. The effects of locations, materials, and thickness of the walls are considered in the model. The loss factors are optimized and verified by the measurements. To implement the proposed model, image processing techniques are applied to the architectural floor plan in order to obtain the locations and thickness of the walls. Compared with the actual measurements, the proposed model provides higher accuracy in prediction of the path loss than some of the existing well-known empirical indoor channel models. To test the robustness of proposed model to the noise in the images of floor plans, four types of noise are added to the images when obtaining the locations and thickness of walls. Simulation results indicate that the performance of proposed model, unlike that of an existing model, is not degraded by the noise added to the image of floor plan. Index Terms-Multi-wall model, path loss, robustness.