Long-Term Ingestion of Dietary Diacylglycerol Lowers Serum Triacylglycerol in Type II Diabetic Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia (original) (raw)
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Diacylglycerol oil ingestion in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia
Nutrition, 2006
ObjectiveCoronary arteriosclerotic heart disease frequently develops in patients with diabetes. Decreased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, are associated with the onset of atherosclerosis. We recently reported that hypertriglyceridemia was significantly improved in patients with type 2 diabetes who ingested diacylglycerol (DAG) oil. The effect on variables, including LDL particle size related to lipid metabolism, however, was not examined. The present study investigated the effects on these variables in more detail.
The Journal of nutrition, 2010
Diacylglycerol (DAG) may undergo differential metabolism compared with triacylglycerol (TAG) in humans, possibly resulting in decreased serum TAG concentration and TAG synthesis and increased energy expenditure (EE), thus reducing fat accumulation. Our objective was to examine the efficacy of DAG oil (Enova oil) consumption on serum lipid profiles, hepatic lipogenesis, EE, and body weight and composition compared with a control oil-blend composed of sunflower, safflower, and rapeseed oils at a 1:1:1 ratio. Twenty-six overweight (78.3 6 3.6 kg body weight and BMI 30.0 6 0.7 kg/m 2) mildly hypertriglyceridemic (1.81 6 0.66 mmol/L) women underwent 2 treatment phases of 28 d separated by a 4-wk washout period using a randomized crossover design. They consumed 40 g/d of either DAG or control oil during treatment phases. The baseline, EE, fat oxidation, body composition, and lipid profiles did not differ between the DAG and control oil intervention periods. Relative to control oil, DAG oil did not alter endpoint postprandial EE, fat oxidation, serum lipid profiles, or hepatic lipogenesis. However, DAG oil consumption reduced (P , 0.05) accumulation of body fat within trunk, android, and gynoid regions at the endpoint compared with control oil, although neither DAG nor control oil altered any of these variables during the 4-wk intervention period compared with their respective baseline levels. We conclude that although DAG oil is not effective in lowing serum lipids over a 4-wk intervention, it may be useful for reducing adiposity.
The Journal of Lipid Research, 2008
Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is common in individuals with insulin resistance, and diets enriched in 1,3diacylglycerol (DAG) may reduce postprandial plasma triglycerides (PPTGs). We enrolled 25 insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals in a double-blind, randomized crossover trial to test the acute and chronic effects of a DAG-enriched diet on PPTG. Participants received either DAG or triacylglycerol (TAG) oil, in food products, for 5 weeks. Fasting lipids, and two separate postprandial tests, one with DAG oil and one with TAG oil, were performed at the end of each 5 week diet period. We found no acute or chronic effects of DAG oil on PPTG. Thus, neither the DAG oil PPTG (h/mg/dl) on a chronic TAG diet [area under the curve (AUC) 5 503 6 439] nor the TAG oil PPTG on a chronic DAG diet (AUC 5 517 6 638) was different from the TAG oil PPTG on a chronic TAG diet (AUC 5 565 6 362). Five weeks of a DAG-enriched diet had no acute or chronic effects on PPTG in insulin-resistant individuals. We suggest further studies to evaluate the effects of DAG on individuals with low and high TG levels.-Reyes, G.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2008
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 1-year ad libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil on body weight and serum triglyceride in Japanese men and women. Design/subjects/intervention In a 1-year double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial with clinic visits at month 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12, a total of 312 Japanese men (nϭ174) and women (nϭ138) (aged 22 to 73 years) with body mass index (calculated as kg/m 2) Ն25 and/or fasting serum triglyceride level Ն150 mg/dL (1.70 mmol/L) (aged 22 to 73 years) were randomly assigned to the diacylglycerol (nϭ155) or triacylglycerol (nϭ157) group. Participants substituted their usual home cooking oil with the assigned test oils. Main outcome measures Changes in anthropometrics and serum triglyceride level were monitored at 3-month intervals across a 12-month period. Results In the intention-to-treat analysis, body weight decreased significantly in the diacylglycerol group when compared to the triacylglycerol group (Pϭ0.013).
Food Chemistry, 2018
An enzymatic process was developed for the preparation of a nutritionally enriched 1,3-diacylglycerol(DAG)rich oil from a blend of refined sunflower and rice bran oils. The process involves hydrolysis of vegetable oil blend using Candida cylindracea followed by esterification with glycerol using Lipozyme RM1M. The resultant DAG-rich oil contains 84% of DAG (66% of 1,3-DAG, 18% of 1,2-DAG) and 16% of triacylglycerol (TAG) along with micro nutrients like γ-oryzanol, tocotrienols, tocopherols and phytosterols. Nutritional studies of the DAGrich oil were conducted in Wistar rats and compared with sunflower oil (SFO). The calorific value of the DAGrich oil was estimated to be 6.45 Kcals/g as against 9.25 Kcals/g for SFO. The serum and liver cholesterol and TAG levels in rats fed with 1,3-DAG-rich oil were found to be significantly reduced as compared to rats fed diet containing SFO. We conclude that 1,3-DAG-rich oil is a low calorie fat and exhibits hypolipidemic effects.
BMC Nutrition, 2016
Background: Free fatty acids have been reported to impair insulin action; Dietary fat composition has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance as well as fasting glycaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This work was designed to determine the benefits of consuming vegetable oils on the management of diabetes in diabetic mice. Methods: Forty eight (48) maledb/db diabetic mice were randomly divided into eight groups of six. The first four groups were fed on chow (control), 10 % Red palm oil feed, 10 % groundnut oil feed, and 10 % coconut oil feed. The second four groups were fed similar to the first four groups but in addition were administered glibenclamide (2 mg/kg-wt i.p) daily at 8. AM. Results: Plasma glucose in the diabetic mice was significantly reduced after consuming diets fortified with 10 % palm oil, groundnut oil and coconut oil and also in mice additionally treated with glibenclamide. In mice that were not treated glibenclamide, treatment with groundnut oil reduced total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and raised plasma HDL. Plasma triglycerides were unchanged. Palm oil and coconut oil had no effect on any of the plasma lipids. In mice that were treated glibenclamide, the control and palm oil treatment significantly reduced total cholesterol (p < 0.05). The control, groundnut oil, palm oil and coconut oil significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol was raised in groundnut oil, and coconut oil. Plasma triglycerides were raised in only on groundnut oil. Conclusion: Ten percent fortified vegetable oil feeds (red palm oil, groundnut oil and coconut oil) significantly improved lipid profile and significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetic mice. Groundnut oil raised HDL and lowered LDL even in mice given glibenclamide but it did not lower total cholesterol in mice given glibenclamide
Atherosclerosis, 1999
The effects of fish oil on lipoprotein subfractions and low density lipoprotein (LDL) size in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with hypertriglyceridemia are unknown. To elucidate this, 16 NIDDM hypertriglyceridemic patients (plasma triglyceride 2.25-5.65 mmol/l, plasma cholesterol 5 7.75 mmol/l) were randomly assigned to a 6-month period with either moderate amounts of fish oil (n =8) or placebo (n= 8) after 4 weeks of wash-out and 3 weeks of run-in. Diet and hypoglycemic treatment were unchanged throughout the experiment. LDL size were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. Three VLDL and LDL subfractions were measured at the end of the two periods. The total lipid concentration of all very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfractions was lower at the end of fish oil treatment compared with placebo large VLDL 124.3919.7 mg/dl vs 156.79 45.5 mg/dl; intermediate VLDL 88.59 9.5 mg/dl vs 113.99 23.2 mg/dl; small VLDL 105.999.7 mg/dl vs 128.9 940.7 mg/dl) (mean 9 SEM), although the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, at the end of the two treatments, the percentage distribution of VLDL subfractions was very similar (large 37.59 3.3% vs 37.69 2.6%, intermediate 27.6 90.9% vs 31.092.4%; small 34.993.7% vs 31.49 2.1%). Concerning LDL, no significant change in LDL size was observed after the two treatments (255.4 92.2 A , vs 254.291.7 A , , fish oil; 253.79 2.0 A , vs 253.391.7 A , , placebo). LDL subfraction distribution was also very similar (large 17 93% vs 179 2%; intermediate 62 9 3% vs 659 3%; small 21 9 3% vs 189 2%), at the end of the two periods, confirming the lack of effects on LDL size. In conclusion, our study indicates that in NIDDM patients with hypertriglyceridemia, fish oil does not induce any improvement in LDL distribution and LDL size despite its positive effects on plasma triglycerides.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2002
Diacylglycerol is a natural component of edible oils that has metabolic characteristics that are distinct from those of triacylglycerol. We assessed the efficacy of an oil containing mainly 1,3-diacylglycerol in reducing body weight and fat mass when incorporated into a reduced-energy diet. The study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel intervention trial that was conducted at an outpatient clinical research center. The subjects (n = 131) were overweight or obese men (waist circumference > or = 90 cm) and women (waist circumference > or = 87 cm). Food products (muffins, crackers, soup, cookies, and granola bars) containing diacylglycerol or triacylglycerol oil and having the same fatty acid composition were incorporated into a reduced-energy diet (2100-3350-kJ/d deficit) for 24 wk. Percentages of change in body weight, fat mass, and intraabdominal fat area were assessed. In an intention-to-treat analysis, body weight and fat mass decreased significantly more in the diacylg...
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, place-bo-controlled study evaluated the possible worsening of glycemic control after a moderate daily intake of n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters in patients with hypertriglyceridemia with and without glucose intolerance or diabetes. A total of 935 patients of both sexes in 63 Italian clinical centers were selected; 55% had either impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). They received for 2 mo either 1 g n-3 ethyl esters three times a day or a corresponding placebo, followed by 4 mo of either 1 g n-3 ethyl esters twice a day or placebo. In addition to the complete lipid and lipoprotein evaluation, patients with impaired glucose tolerance also underwent an oral-glucose-tolerance test; in patients with NIDDM, serum insulin and glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c) concentrations were determined. Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations decreased significantly, up to 21.53% at 6 mo compared with baseline (decreased 15% compar...