Issues in the integration of active control turbochargers with internal combustion engines (original) (raw)
Related papers
Active Control Turbocharger for Automotive Application: An Experimental Evaluation
8th International Conference on Turbochargers and Turbocharging, 2006
The current paper presents the results from a comprehensive set of experimental tests on a prototype active control turbocharger. This is a continuing series of test work as part of the development of this new type of turbocharger. Driven by the need to comply to increasingly strict emissions regulations as well as a continuing strive for better overall performance the active control turbocharger is intended to provide an improvement over the current state-of-the-art in turbocharging. In this system, the nozzle is able to alter the throat inlet area of the turbine according to the pressure variation of each engine exhaust gas pulse thus imposing a substantially more 'active' form of control of the conditions at the turbine rotor inlet.
Volume 3: Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; Electric Power; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery; Solar Brayton and Rankine Cycle, 2011
The present paper discusses the impact of a new type of turbocharger, namely, the Active Control Turbocharger (ACT). The aim of this work was to prove the advantage of this type of turbocharger over the current state-of-the-art: the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). This was achieved by carrying out a comparison between two commercial Diesel engine models (through the use of a commercial engine simulation software), which belong to the same family: one 10 litre engine equipped with VGT (originally) was consecutively compared to the same model of engine modified for ACT operation and through the integration of the ACT into the 8l version of the same engine in order to demonstrate the ACT"s downsizing capability.
Experimental setup for turbocharger control
This paper presents the mechanical details regarding a new control test rig for laboratory use. A variable geometry turbocharger is this system central part. In this paper it will be shown how this rotating machine can be decoupled from the internal combustion engine and fitted in a testbench where a computer emulates the vehicle’s motor. In order to accomplish this, a dozen of mechanical parts were designed and built. In addition, a set of sensors and actuators was adapted to the system. This article will show the final result of a system that will be used to test several different control strategies, with relevance given to the coefficient diagram method.
Integration of Unsteady Effects in the Turbocharger Design Process
Volume 5: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles, 2012
The present paper discusses the impact of a new type of turbocharger, namely, the Active Control Turbocharger (ACT). The aim of this work was to prove the advantage of this type of turbocharger over the current state-of-the-art: the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). This was achieved by carrying out a comparison between two commercial Diesel engine models (through the use of a commercial engine simulation software), which belong to the same family: one 10 litre engine equipped with VGT (originally) was consecutively compared to the same model of engine modified for ACT operation and through the integration of the ACT into the 8l version of the same engine in order to demonstrate the ACT"s downsizing capability.
Advanced Engine Technologies for Turbochargers Solutions
Applied Sciences, 2021
Research in the process of internal combustion engines shows that their efficiency can be increased through several technical and functional solutions. One of these is turbocharging. For certain engine operating modes, the available energy of the turbine can also be used to drive an electricity generator. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the possibilities and limitations of this solution. For this purpose, several investigations were carried out in the virtual environment with the AMESim program, as well as experimental research on a diesel engine for automobiles and on a stand for testing turbochargers (Turbo Test Pro produced by CIMAT). The article also includes a comparative study between the power and torque of the naturally aspirated internal combustion engine and equipped with a hybrid turbocharger. The results showed that the turbocharger has a very high operating potential and can be coupled with a generator without decreasing the efficiency of the turbocharger or t...
Steady and unsteady experimental analysis of a turbocharger for automotive applications
Energy Conversion and Managment, 2015
The paper describes the steady and unsteady performance characteristics of a small size turbocharger typically employed in automotive downsized engine applications. The analysis is carried out by experimental means using an innovative hot gas generator system specifically designed for turbocharger testing which is capable of delivering a wide range of flow rates with adequate thermodynamic characteristics. More in detail, the gas generator consists of a medium size direct injection compression ignition Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) feeding the turbine of the test article. To independently set the hot gas mass flow rate and the turbine inlet temperature, the operating parameters of the aforementioned ICE are specified through an electronic control unit in a fully automated manner. Compared to previously presented data [1] (Energy Procedia, vol. 45, pp 1116-1125, 2014), those reported herein have been collected with the help of newly installed equipment and controlling software allowing for the estimation of the thermal power transferred from the turbocharger to the environment. In particular, thanks to a first law analysis, the collected measurements have shown that the algebraic sum of the thermal power transferred to the lubricating oil as well as to the environment is roughly speaking 20% - 30% of the compressor total enthalpy change per unit time. Moreover, it has been shown that evaluating the compressor efficiency through classical expression based on the adiabatic assumption leads to a 5 -10% relative error. The improved experimental set up also allows for higher precision transient analysis both on the cold and hot side branch of the test article. While the steady-state performance maps of the turbocharger are readily obtained with the semi-automated testing procedure, the detailed analysis of the unsteady phenomena related for instance to the occurrence of mild and deep compressor surge events, are reproduced and thoroughly analysed using the rig in more advanced operating modes.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018
Electrical turbocharger assist is one of the most critical technologies in improving fuel efficiency of conventional powertrain vehicles. However, strong challenges lie in high efficient operations of the device due to its complexity. In this paper, an integrated framework on characterization, control, and testing of the electrical turbocharger assist is proposed. Starting from a physical characterization of the engine, the controllability and the impact of the electrical turbocharger assist on fuel economy and exhaust emissions are both analyzed. A multivariable robust controller is designed to regulate the dynamics of the electrified turbocharged engine in a systematic approach. To minimize the fuel consumption in real time, a supervisory level controller is designed to update the setpoints of key controlled variables in an optimal way. Furthermore, a cutting-edge experimental platform based on a heavy-duty diesel engine is built. The proposed framework has been evaluated in simulations, physical simulations, and experiments. Results are presented for the developed system and the proposed framework that demonstrate excellent tracking performance, high robustness, and the potential for improvements in fuel efficiency. Index Terms-Electrical turbocharger assist (ETA), multivariable control, real-time energy management, system characterization, testing framework design. NOMENCLATURE GHG Greenhouse gas. EM Electrical machine. ETA Electrical turbocharger assist. TDE Turbocharged diesel engine. ETDE Electrified turbocharged diesel engine.
Computer Simulations of the Static State of the Turbocharger Turbine
Acta Mechanica Slovaca, 2011
In the present work, a numerical study of a turbulent flow through a turbocharger turbine in a static state is presented. Solutions of the time averaged Navier-Stokes in conjunction with the standard k-f turbulence model were developed using a control volume discretization method. The resolution was found by the commercial code Fluent 5.6. Geometry and the meshing were built by the software Gambit 6.1. This study is expected to provide a finer knowledge of structures of the flow such as velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy and viscosity. The proposed model has been tested on a turbocharger turbine of type Garrett TA03 automotive engines. The numerical results have been compared with ones found by other experimental results.
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014
This paper provides a reliable tool for simulating the effects of exhaust gas flow through the variable turbine geometry section of a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), on flow control mechanism. The main objective is to estimate the resistive aerodynamic force exerted by the flow upon the variable geometry vanes and the controlling actuator, in order to improve the control of vane angles. To achieve this, a 1D model of the exhaust flow is developed using Navier-Stokes equations. As the flow characteristics depend upon the volute geometry, impeller blade force and the existing viscous friction, the related source terms (losses) are also included in the model. In order to guarantee stability, an implicit numerical solver has been developed for the resolution of the Navier-Stokes problem. The resulting simulation tool has been validated through comparison with experimentally obtained values of turbine inlet pressure and the aerodynamic force as measured at the actuator shaft. The simulator shows good compliance with experimental results.