A real-time graphic environment for a urological operation training simulator (original) (raw)

Abstract

Abstract An OpenGL/C++ real-time graphic environment, part of a training simulator for urological operations, is presented. The graphic environment simulates endoscope insertion in a small diameter deformable tube and is used with a low-force 5-dof force-feedback haptic mechanism. Piecewise Bezier interpolations are used for smooth urethra deformations. A novel particle-based model computes the forces and torques fed to the haptics.

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