Augustine’s Introduction to Political Philosophy: Teaching De Libero Arbitrio, Book I (original) (raw)
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In this paper I have presented the political thoughts of three prominent thinkers, St. Augus- tine, al-Farabi and St. Thomas Aquinas, who span a period from late Antiquity to the High Middle Ages. A close reading of their statements concerning the origin, the nature and the administration of the state reveals that all three authors regard human sociality and the ne- cessity of its organization in political entities not as a direct outflow of human nature or as the result of a direct divine command, but as a result of human rationality, including the human ability to recognize that man as a material and finite being has needs that are met only by cooperation. In contrast, however, to the rationalist political theories of classical Antiquity, laid down in the work of Plato, Aristotle and Cicero, all three authors presented here consider human sociality and political organization not only as the best way to achieve a good mundane life, but also as a constitutive part of the virtue of the faithful man. All three agree that the state is not only an instrument for the protection of the citizen from external and internal foes and a framework in which individuals can attain their personal happiness, but that the state is the natural environment for establishing the divine justice and the right form of worshipping the true God.