Pixel-level image fusion for archaeological interpretative mapping (original) (raw)

Multisource data fusion for documenting archaeological sites

The quality of archaeological sites documenting is of great importance for cultural heritage preserving and investigating. The progress in developing new techniques and systems for data acquisition and processing creates an excellent basis for achieving a new quality of archaeological sites documenting and visualization. Archaeological data has some specific features which have to be taken into account when acquiring, processing and managing. First of all, it is a needed to gather as full as possible information about findings providing no loss of information and no damage to artifacts. Remote sensing technologies are the most adequate and powerful means which satisfy this requirement. An approach to archaeological data acquiring and fusion based on remote sensing is proposed. It combines a set of photogrammetric techniques for obtaining geometrical and visual information at different scales and detailing and a pipeline for archaeological data documenting, structuring, fusion, and analysis. The proposed approach is applied for documenting of Bosporus archaeological expedition of Russian State Historical Museum.

Chapter 2 2 Image Enhancement , Feature 3 Extraction and Geospatial Analysis 4 in an Archaeological Perspective

2011

6 Abstract The goal of image processing for archaeological applications is to 7 enhance spatial patterns and/or local anomalies linked to ancient human activities 8 and traces of palaeo-environments still fossilized in the modern landscape. In order 9 to make the satellite data more meaningful for archaeologists and more exploitable 10 for investigations, reliable data processing may be carried out. Over the years a 11 great variety of digital image enhancement techniques have been devised for 12 specific application fields according to data availability. Nevertheless, only recently 13 these methods have captured great attention also in the field of archaeology for an 14 easier extraction of quantitative information using effective and reliable semiauto15 matic data processing. The setting up of fully-automatic methodologies is a big 16 challenge to be strategically addressed by research communities in the next years.

Data fusion as a means of sensor evaluation in archaeological applications.

Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites VII. Edited by Meynart, Roland; Neeck, Steven P.; Shimoda, Haruhisa; Lurie, Joan B.; Aten, Michelle L. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 5234, pp. 688-697 (2004)., 2004

Criteria for selecting the appropriate combination of sensors when searching for cultural features within an archaeological site are poorly developed and sorely needed for the economic application of remote sensing in archaeology. The Hollywood Mounds, a late prehistoric ceremonial center in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley of the southeastern United State, has been the subject of a large number of remote sensing experiments using a wide variety of both digital airborne and geophysical sensors. In addition, two seasons of ground truth excavations have been carried out at the site. Multivariate statistical analyses, beginning with a map of the known locations of house and mound remnants, allow us to derive quantitative measures of the relative value of the various instruments in this specific but fairly typical context.

REMOTELY SENSED DATA FUSION IN MODERN AGE ARCHAEOLOGY AND MILITARY HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION

LiDAR technology has become one of the major remote sensing methods in the last few years. There are several areas, where the scanned 3D point clouds can be used very efficiently. In our study we review the potential applications of LiDAR data in military historical reconstruction. Obviously, the base of this kind of investigation must be the archive data, but it is an interesting challenge to integrate a cutting edge method into such tasks. The LiDAR technology can be very useful, especially in vegetation covered areas, where the conventional remote sensing technologies are mostly inefficient. We review two typical sample projects where we integrated LiDAR data in military historical GIS reconstruction. Finally, we summarize, how laser scanned data can support the different parts of reconstruction work and define the technological steps of LiDAR data processing.

Image Quantification as Archaeological Description

Digital image processing is a usual technique in archaeology. Archaeological images range from the microscopic to the macroscopic, and a diverse toolbox of computer techniques are available to process these data. However, the very nature of images as archaeological data has not been evaluated. Images are not primary data, but a transformation of empirical reality, translated into a language of luminance contrasts. Images are then the result of a goal-oriented modification. But how this modification can alter the reliability of the analysis? Very few studies have been published about this topic. Our goal in this paper is to integrate different archaeological applications of microscopy (use-wear in lithic tools, and pottery archaeometry) to define the observational category we are dealing with: texture. If the texture is the complex set of surface properties in an artifact, how we can describe it? What kind of archaeological, historical information we get from the analysis of texture? A related problem is that of image sampling. Digital image techniques have been applied in disciplines where the assumption of surface homogeneity is valid. But the modified surface of an archaeological artifact is always discontinuous. Where you should look at for describing texture? Different images can be obtained from the same artifact, and all those images may be different. Statistical sampling is then a basic problem in archaeological image processing, and very few studies have been made about. We are exploring the use of neural networks and related approaches to deal with this problem. This paper deals with the use of microscopic images as a way to define textures, and with the statistical analysis of quantitatively described textures. KEY WORDS: Image Processing, Use-Wear, Archeometry, lithic analysis, Pottery Analysis, Microscopy, Neural Networks

Pixel versus object — A comparison of strategies for the semi-automated mapping of archaeological features using airborne laser scanning data

Semi-automated approaches to archaeological feature detection can be invaluable aids to the investigation of high resolution, large area archaeological prospection datasets. In order to obtain stable and reliable classification results, however, the application of pre-processing steps to digital terrain data is needed. This study examines semi-automated approaches to identification of archaeological features through a comparison of pixel-based and object-oriented data classification methods for archaeological feature detection in visualizations derived from high-resolution airborne laser scanning data. In doing so, openness is presented as a suitable visualization for feature detection due to its illumination-invariant representation of convexity and concavity in terrain data. The methodology of both pixel-based and object-oriented data classification approaches is described and applied to two datasets recorded over two archeological case study areas in Sweden and Austria. The diverse nature of the two datasets makes them ideal with regard to determining the robustness of the approaches discussed here. The obtained results are exported to a GIS environment and compared with manual visual interpretations and analyzed in terms of their accuracy. Therefore, this paper presents both a discussion regarding the merits of pixel- and object-based semi-automated classification strategies with regard to archaeological prospection data as well as practical examples of their implementation and results.