Commercial Production of Avidin From Transgenic Maize: Characterization of Transformant, Production, Processing, Extraction and Purification (original) (raw)
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The determination of avidin in genetically modified maize by voltammetric techniques
PLANT SOIL AND …, 2007
Avidin is a minority component of egg white at reptiles, amphibians and birds. At neutral pH it is a glycosylated, positively charged protein occurring in tetramer form (Green 1975, Wilchek and Bayer 1990). It selectively binds biotin with high affinity (the dissociation constant is 10-15 M). This interaction is used in many types of avidin-biotin technology like immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, ELISA, DNA hybridization and biosensors construction (Wilchek and Bayer 1990, Wang et al. 1996, Masarik et al. 2003, Havran et al. 2004). To ensure the nutriment for expanding human population, it is necessary to use the new technologies, which could help to increase the productivity of farming industry. The production of the quality foods is often suppressed by microbial and insect pests. This unwanted processes can be avoided by using the pesticides (Silman 1993). On the other hand the use of these compounds presents a risk of environment contamination and
Production and Purification of Two Recombinant Proteins from Transgenic Corn
Biotechnology Progress, 1998
This study reports the production, purification, and characterization of recombinant Escherichia coli -glucuronidase (GUS) and chicken egg-white avidin from transgenic corn seed. The avidin and gus genes were stably integrated in the genome and expressed over seven generations. The accumulation levels of avidin and GUS in corn kernel were 5.7% and 0.7% of extractable protein, respectively. Within the kernel, avidin and GUS accumulation was mainly localized to the germ, indicating possible tissue preference of the ubiquitin promoter. The storage-stability studies demonstrated that processed transgenic seed containing GUS or avidin can be stored at 10°C for at least 3 months and at 25°C for up to 2 weeks without a significant loss of activity. The heat-stability experiments indicated that GUS and avidin in the whole kernels were stable at 50°C for up to 1 week. The buffer composition also had an affect on the aqueous extraction of avidin and GUS from ground kernels. Avidin was purified in one step by using 2-iminobiotin agarose, whereas GUS was purified in four steps consisting of adsorption, ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size-exclusion chromatography. Biochemical properties of purified avidin and GUS were similar to those of the respective native proteins.
Transgenic Research, 2002
Tobacco plants have been developed which constitutively express high levels of the biotin-binding proteins, avidin and streptavidin. These plants were phenotypically normal and produced fertile pollen and seeds. The transgene was expressed and its product located in the vacuoles of most cell types in the plants. Targeting was achieved by use of N-terminal vacuolar targeting sequences derived from potato proteinase inhibitors which are known to target constitutively to vacuoles in potato tubers and, under wound-induction, in tomato leaves. Avidin was located in protein body-like structures within the vacuole and transgene protein levels remained relatively constant throughout the lifetime of the leaf. We describe two chimeric constructs with similar levels of expression. One comprised a potato proteinase inhibitor I signal peptide cDNA sequence attached to an avidin cDNA and the second a potato proteinase inhibitor II signal peptide genomic sequence (including an intron) attached to a core streptavidin synthetic sequence. We were unable to regenerate plants when transformation used constructs lacking the targeting sequences. The highest levels observed (up to 1.5% of total leaf protein) confirm the vacuole as the organelle of choice for stable storage of plant-toxic transgene products. The efficient targeting of these proteins did not result in any measured changes in plant biotinmetabolism.
Commercial production of aprotinin in transgenic maize seeds
Molecular Breeding, 1999
The development of genetic transformation technology for plants has stimulated an interest in using transgenic plants as a novel manufacturing system for producing different classes of proteins of industrial and pharmaceutical value. In this regard, we report the generation and characterization of transgenic maize lines producing recombinant aprotinin. The transgenic aprotinin lines recovered were transformed with the aprotinin gene using the bar gene as a selectable marker. The bar and aprotinin genes were introduced into immature maize embryos via particle bombardment. Aprotinin gene expression was driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter and protein accumulation was targeted to the extracellular matrix. One line that showed a high level of aprotinin expression was characterized in detail. The protein accumulates primarily in the embryo of the seed. Southern blot analysis showed that the line had at least 20 copies of the bar and aprotinin genes. Further genetic analysis revealed that numerous plants derived from this transgenic line had a large range of levels of expression of the aprotinin gene (0–0.069%) of water-soluble protein in T2 seeds. One plant lineage that showed stable expression after 4 selfing generations was recovered from the parental transgenic line. This line showed an accumulation of the protein in seeds that was comparable to the best T2 lines, and the recombinant aprotinin could be effectively recovered and purified from seeds. Biochemical analysis of the purified aprotinin from seeds revealed that the recombinant aprotinin had the same molecular weight, N-terminal amino acid sequence, isoelectric point, and trypsin inhibition activity as native aprotinin. The demonstration that the recombinant aprotinin protein purified from transgenic maize seeds has biochemical and functional properties identical to its native counterpart provides a proof-of-concept example for producing new generation products for the pharmaceutical industry.
Recombinant aprotinin produced in transgenic corn seed: Extraction and purification studies
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2002
Expression in transgenic plants is potentially one of the most economical systems for large-scale production of valuable peptide and protein products. However, the downstream processing of recombinant proteins produced in plants has not been extensively studied. In this work, we studied the extraction and purification of recombinant aprotinin, a protease inhibitor used as a therapeutic compound, produced in transgenic corn seed. Conditions for extraction from transgenic corn meal that maximize aprotinin concentration and its fraction of the total soluble protein in the extract were found: pH 3.0 and 200 mM NaCl. Aprotinin, together with a native corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI), was captured using a tryspin-agarose column. These two inhibitors were separated using an agarose-IDA-Cu 2+ column that proved to efficiently absorb the CTI while the recombinant aprotinin was collected in the flowthrough with purity of at least 79%. The high purity of the recombinant aprotinin was verified by SDS-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing. The overall recombinant aprotinin recovery yield and purification factor were 49% and 280, respectively. Because CTI was also purified, the recovery and purification process studied has the advantage of possible CTI co-production. Finally, the work presented here introduces additional information on the recovery and purification of recombinant proteins produced in plants and corroborates with past research on the potential use of plants as biorreactors.
A synthetic avidin gene was introduced into spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Giza 168 using a biolistic bombardment protocol. The presence and expression of the transgene in six selected T0 transgenic wheat lines were confirmed at the molecular level. Accumulation of avidin protein was detected in transgenic plants compared to non-transgenic plants. Avidin transgene was stably integrated, transcribed and translated as indicated by Southern blot, ELISA, and dot blot analyses, with a high level of expression in transgenic wheat seeds. However, no expression was detected in untransformed wheat seeds. Functional integrity of avidin was confirmed by insect bioassay. The results of bioassay using transgenic wheat plants challenged with wheat weevil revealed 100 % mortality of the insects reared on transgenic plants after 21 days.
Analytical Chemistry, 2003
The proteins streptavidin and avidin were electrochemically detected in solution by adsorptive transfer stripping square wave voltammetry (AdTS SWV) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE). AdTS SWV was used to quantify biotinylated oligonucleotides, DNA hybridizations, and avidin in extracts of transgenic avidin maize. The detection limits of denatured and native streptavidin were 6 pM and 120 nM, respectively. The results demonstrated that streptavidin/avidin AdTS SWV is a sensitive and specific method for quantifying DNA and proteins in biological samples such as foods and tissue extracts, including genetically modified crops (avidin maize) and other plants in neighboring fields.