ONAM (Shravanam = Bali) Symbolism (original) (raw)
An ideal of a religious life in the Aśrama System and the Bhagavad Gita's philosophy.
An ideal of a religious life constitutes undeniably a broad term and varies depending on the religion, its orthodoxy, performed rituals, a situation of a particular person and the potential opportunities which these certain circumstances create. Each of doctrines advocates different injunctions and praises certain rites. However, a common denominator for a number of different religions is an ascetic path of life as the most elevated one. Max Weber, in his "Economy and Society", distinguishes two types of asceticism, "inside the world" and "outside the world asceticism". The division expresses an eternal dilemma between expectations created by the social responsibility, our role in the society and the virtues praised by the dogma of a religion, since the former term refers to a life concentrated on salvation, but within the worldly, everyday activities and the latter one points to people withdrawing from the society and choosing a path of renunciation. While some doctrines like Protestantism (as claimed by Weber in his "Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus") 1 stress the importance of work within a worldly, material context, religious systems originating from South Asia always emphasized the role of asceticism, understood as resigning from the temporal aspects of life. Both, Kaelber and Stevenson point to the VI century BC as a time of a special interest in the path of renunciation 2 . They stress its character of drastic social and cultural change in India. They consider instability of that time, constant tensions and wars of different small kingdoms, but also a "growing individualism, cosmopolitanism and freedom of motion" 3 a basis for soteriological alternation. Kaelber understands this change as a transgression from the orthodox Brahmanism to the "formative Hinduism" and other religious movements like Buddhism or Jainism challenging the karma-kānda (theology based on the efficacy of the ritual) and centered more in jñāna-kānda 4 .
This paper seeks to examine the ideology and theology of the Ananda Marga (Path of Bliss), a new radical Hindu sect of postcolonial India, by comparing its odyssey with an almost radical Christian sect of Reformation Europe, the Anabaptists. Like the Anabaptists, the Ananda Marga began as a movement of the common man. Both were also millennial movements with lay leadership arising as responses to the social, cultural, and economic crises of their respective historical times. Both sought to recover the pristine and authentic ethos of their respective religious traditions and thus antagonized their respective governments. Consequently, both endured persecution but both survived their ordeal by re-forming their ideology and theology under competent leadership to emerge as peaceful, fruitful, and resourceful members of their societies.
MUHAMMAD ANNAS MA'RUF, 2018
ABSTRACT Muhammad Annas Ma’ruf. The Influence of Intellectual Capital on Company’s Value and Financial Performance as an Intervening Variable in LQ45 Company on Indonesia Exchange Market ( Supervised by Muslimin and Husnah). The study aims to analyze: 1) the development of intellectual capital, financial performance, and companies’ value in LQ45 on Indonesia Exchange Market; 2) the influence of intellectual capital on company’s value in LQ45 on Indonesia Exchange Market; 3) the influence of intellectual capital on financial performance in LQ45 on Indonesia Exchange Market; 4) the influence of financial performance on company’s value in LQ45 on Indonesia Exchange Market; 5) the magnitude of the influence of financial performance as mediation of intellectual capital and company’s value in LQ45 on Indonesia Exchange Market. Sample consists of 20 companies that were selected throug purposive sampling. The study is quantitative with path analysis as its analytical tool. The results find that financial performance mediates the influence of intellectual capital. Keywords: intellectual capital, financial performance, and company’s value
The article attempts to problematize Christian theology sociologically, navigating it through the minefield of the ‘Two Great Commandments’ given by Jesus, within the Indian context of caste and gender. ‘Thou shalt love the Lord thy God’, the First Commandment which mandates the believers to love God becomes intriguing as it forces one to ask who is my God and how do I relate to the form of this God? The article looks at how Dalit theology experiences Jesus as opposed to upper-caste theology. The Second Commandment, ‘Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself’, becomes more challenging than the First in an Indian context because it contradicts the practices of caste and gender discrimination. For Indian Christians the idea of ‘love thy neighbour’ then reworks back into the question of who is ‘allowed’ to be my neighbour. The article analyses Jesus through his historical existence rather than his divinity.