DC grid initiative in India (original) (raw)
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A REVIEW OF DC MICROGRID FOR INDIAN RURAL HOMES
With around 237 million people without access, India has the greatest percentage of the world's population without power (International Energy Agency). However, a lot of homes with access to electricity don't have a reliable, constant power source. Most of the Indian households, particularly those in the poor and middle classes, frequently lack access to reliable power. This can be because, despite the power tariff's subsidy, it is not affordable. Power DISCOMs are also hesitant to provide electricity to such residences as doing so would not be profitable to them, given their own precarious financial situations. India seems to be stuck in this logjam as power cannot be generated at much lower costs, even as it depends on environment-unfriendly coal-fired power plants. A dc microgrid for a home with a solar PV, a battery, and an incoming ac grid to drive dc loads can indeed help overcome many a problem. The solar-dc system at the homes can take in energy from or give out energy to the microgrid, thus sharing energy between homes.
Potential Use of DC Microgrid for Solar and Wind Power Integration in Rural Areas in India: A Review
ADBU Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AJEEE), 2018
This paper describes the possibilities of the application of DC microgrids to solve the rural areas, energy problem in the country (India). DC Microgrids open a gateway for integration of solar and wind energies which together are an efficient and cleaner way of renewable energy generation, which can be integrated into the power distribution network. They have several other advantages, which include - reduction in transmission losses, improvement in power quality & reliability, reduction in emissions and even they are cost effective. The most important characteristic is that it provides a possibility for electrification of remote villages, which are far from the reach of the conventional grid. This paper presents a detailed discussion on the possibility of application of DC microgrids for rural areas in India.
A Noble Design Of DC Micro Grid For Rural Area In Bangladesh
This paper is mainly addressing the design and analysis of a DC micro grid power system in a remote area in Bangladesh. Generation of electricity is not enough to serve its demand. Majority of the islands and the rustic communities are deprived from electricity and most of them are relying on some fossil fuels for searching their required energy. The cost of fuels is high and for this reason the cost of expected generating power is increased tremendously in rustic areas. By burning fossil fuels, increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) is rocketed into the atmosphere. It has raised national and international concern and efforts to develop alternative renewable sources of primary energy such as solar, biomass, wind, hydro and other green power technologies are being used to provide sustainable, affordable and comfortable sources of energy. In Bangladesh Solar Home System (SHS) has reached a great number of installations by the effective programs run by Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) which has been started about 12 years ago. SHS is popular when it replacesany lamp run by kerosene or wax. However, demand of customer increases day by day and old customers as well as new customers is searching a bigger power source than as in SHS. As a result it cannot meet the increased demand of customers with an affordable price. This paper also aimed to mention how to serve the increased demand of a customer with an affordable price by means of DC micro grid system.
DC Grid for Domestic Electrification
Energies, 2019
Various statistics indicate that many of the parts of India, especially rural and island areas have either partial or no access to electricity. The main reason for this scenario is the immense expanse of which the power producing stations and the distribution hubs are located from these rural and distant areas. This emphasizes the significance of subsidiarity of power generation by means of renewable energy resources. Although in current energy production scenario electricity supply is principally by AC current, a large variety of the everyday utility devices like cell phone chargers, computers, laptop chargers etc. all work internally with DC power. The count of intermediate energy transfer steps are significantly abridged by providing DC power to mentioned devices. The paper also states other works that prove the increase in overall system efficiency and thereby cost reduction. With an abundance of solar power at disposal and major modification in the area of power electronic conv...
Embracing Microgrids: Applications for Rural and Urban India
10th National Conference on "Synergy and Energy", 2015
This article details the possibilities on the application of microgrids to solve the ever increasing energy problem in the country (India). Microgrids opens a gateway for integration of more efficient and cleaner renewable generations into the power distribution network. They have several other advantages which includes reduction in transmission losses, improvement in power quality & reliability, reduction in emissions and even provides provisions for heterogeneous power quality. And most importantly, it also provides a possibility for electrification of remote villages which are far from reach of the conventional grid. The article gives a detailed discussion on the application of DC microgrids for rural and urban scenarios in India. Application in rural areas as community-microgrid is explained in detail with an example of the current work carried out in one of the villages in Bihar state. For urban scenario, application of the DC-microgrid concept to attain the goal of a Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is discussed. An example of a currently operational ZEB is also explained.
Traditionally AC mini-grids have been implemented to provide electricity services in many un-electrified habitations in India, which are not covered through the main grid. However, with the advancement of LED technology and lowering cost of PV panels, the DC microgrids seem to be coming up in a significant way to enhance energy access. Many initiatives, both in private and public sector, are now taking DC micro-grid route to provide energy for basic lighting and mobile charging. This paper attempts to examine nuances of solar DC micro-grid development in India with special focus in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The paper, drawing from literature reviews, interview with key stakeholders and field survey to selected sites, shares the experiences of the solar DC micro-grid programmes for rural electrification.
Efficiency Comparison of DC and AC Microgrid
— As the number of DC loads are growing in our daily uses, the low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system is becoming important. Power supplied through the low voltage AC (LVAC) distribution system needs both the AC/DC rectifier and the DC/DC converter to supply the DC loads. In comparison, LVDC system would only need the DC/DC converter to supply the DC loads. Integration of renewable energy sources at LV level, like rooftop photovoltaic (PV), fuel cells, etc. would be relatively easier with the LVDC system than the LVAC. So, the LVDC can be the viable solution to reduce multiple conversion losses in the system. This paper presents comparison between the existing LVAC with the prospective LVDC distribution system in terms of converter conversion efficiency. Constant AC and DC loads, generally used in household applications, are simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC for both the LVAC and the LVDC distribution system. The analysis of the effectiveness of LVDC system over LVAC distribution system has been presented.
This paper is written with respect to the modeling of DC Micro grid using solar panel and backup generator by applying Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) pro software tool to supply cost effective and reliable independent power to a limited number of rural communities that used specific type of DC loads. The model area was selected ahead of the modeling and analysis process and indicated on Map using the HOMER pro area search facility. A generator that used Methanol was added to the system to enable the designed model more reliable. The contribution of each source type was analyzed in detail in the analysis section of the paper. It showed that the contribution of the generator is insignificant as compared to the contribution of the solar panel in supplying the loads. This paper mainly focused in analyzing the primary and secondary simulation data outputs by considering the base and current model systems. The base model system contained the solar panel and battery storage only. Whereas the current model system contained the solar panel, battery storage and generator. The optimal operation shows a unit cost of Rs. 0.125/kWh with the selected energy system with 100% renewable energy contribution eliminating the need for conventional generator. The developed model helped in sizing the components of the energy system and decides the optimal combination for electrification of the rural village in Navamalai, Aliyar region, Coimbatore District, India by DC power. Final conclusion reached based on the identified optimal model and analysis.
Study and Modelling of Green Energy based Micro-Grid for Rural Area
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016
Background/Objectives: Green energy based microgrid system is the development of eco-friendly and cost effective system for electrical supply in the area where grid is not feasible. In this paper, the study and modelling of green energy based micro grid for rural area of Tantivela, Gujarat has been done. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, the analysis has been done on Hybrid Optimisation for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software. Firstly, the geographical data of the area has been collected including the village data and climatic data. By calculating the load demand of the household accordingly the village population and occupation has been estimated. Based on availability of the renewable resources combination of the energy has been modelled. Using the software HOMER software the optimum and cost effective model of standalone micro grid system for rural area. Findings: A standalone type microgrid has been simulated which can handle both AC and DC load. For the Maximum Power Point Tracking system perturb and observe method has been adopted. The standalone system different combination of PV array, charge controller, load controller, inverter, and battery need to be decided based on the load demands and parameters. The biomass, wind and solar are taken to be the main renewable energy resources as for generation. The testing and cost analysis has been done in Hybrid Optimisation for Electric Renewable (HOMER) to find optimum combination of energy which will be cost effective, eco-friendly and have viable architecture. After selecting the resources and decide the equipment's the final simulation is done. In HOMER we analysed cost summary including total net production cost, operational cost and levelized cost and decide on best possible architecture of PV array, biomass, wind, converter, inverter and rectifier. Applications/Improvements: By simulating green energy microgrid it makes an optimum use of resources that are locally abundant resources with economic viable, affordable and sustainable. It could be improved by proper transmission network and improve surge power capacity to enhance cost-effectiveness.