Climate change and infectious disease (original) (raw)
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An integrated assessment framework for climate change and infectious diseases
Environmental Health Perspectives, 1999
Man.iy potenialhuman hel effects have ,been yot d t:o: result either direty or indrectl from glba cli e ade C.h.angesinthe prevence and spread of.ifectious diseases asme *o.f:the: most widely cited potential effects.o.f clima.te change, and c.oul.d. have. signifcant.cone-:quences for.human..... health as wel as ecoomi an socea impcs Thse:cagsi ies .incidence. would bemediated through. .b..io,logic,, :ecologic, .:sociologi,e adpeioloicpro ess *that i.nterac .:w ..itheach. other:an .wh.ic.h ma .themselves beinfl..... uenced byclimate change. .Althoug hypothesized .infectious disease.:effects:.have .been.widely: discussed,. th*ere have: no..nt yet bfe.en:thorough: quantitative.studies addressing: he man.processes atwork. pa is *ofthe complexit o.f teman inmdirect and.feedbc interactions o.r mechanisms that bear: onall .aspects.of the climate issu.e It also results from:thedifficultyofincdeo q always-anging determinants of these diseases..This paper propos.esa frameworkfor.an integrat-*.ed assessmentofthe impacts.*. climate change on in ts diseases. The framework. ..identificatio.n. of potentially imortant indirectin.teractions:.or mechanism, .identification of *::important ch gaps,.aa means of. integrating tared reearch.from.a variety of.disciplines into an enhancedunderst g o f whole. system.K o clate change,: infectiou. s
Climate Change and Infectious Diseases
New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, 2007
When estimating or modelling the health impacts of climate change, there are many uncertainties due to incon-sistencies and gaps in global knowledge about climate vari-ability, lack of reliable data across populations, poor applicability of global models to local scenarios and incom- ...
2012
Abstract: In recent years there has been a large scientific and public debate on climate change and its direct as well as indirect effects on human health. In particular, a large amount of research on the effects of climate changes on human health has addressed two fundamental questions. First, can historical data be of some help in revealing how short-run or long-run climate variations affect the occurrence of infectious diseases? Second, is it possible to build more accurate quantitative models which are capable of predicting the future effects of different climate conditions on the transmissibility of particularly dangerous infectious diseases? The primary goal of this paper is to review the most relevant contributions which have directly tackled those questions, both with respect to the effects of climate changes on the diffusion of non-infectious and infectious diseases, with malaria as a case study. Specific attention will be drawn on the methodological aspects of each study, ...
Non-Infectious Diseases caused by The Risk of Climate Change on Earth
Global climate change is expected to have broad health impacts. These could occur through various exposure pathways, such as the frequency or intensity of extreme heat waves, floods, and droughts. Warmer air temperatures could also influence local and regional air pollutants and aeroallergens. Less direct health impacts may result from climate-related alteration of ecosystems or water and food supplies, which in turn could affect infectious disease incidence and nutritional status. Finally, sea level rise could potentially lead to massive population displacement and economic disruption. Some of the long-term and complex problems posed by climate change may not be readily discernible from other causal factors. Accordingly, expanded efforts are required in both classical and future-scenario-based risk assessment, to anticipate these problems. In addition, the many health impacts of climate change must be examined in the context of many other environmental and behavioral determinants of disease. Increased disease surveillance, integrated modelling, and the use of geographically-based data systems will enable more anticipatory measures by the public-health and medical communities. There are clear ethical challenges. The regions with the greatest burden of climate-sensitive diseases are often the regions with the lowest capacity to adapt to the new risks.
Climate related diseases. Current regional variability and projections to the year 2100
Quaestiones Geographicae
The health of individuals and societies depends on different factors including atmospheric conditions which influence humans in direct and indirect ways. The paper presents regional variability of some climate related diseases (CRD) in Poland: salmonellosis intoxications, Lyme boreliosis, skin cancers (morbidity and mortality), influenza, overcooling deaths, as well as respiratory and circulatory mortality. The research consisted of two stages: 1) statistical modelling basing on past data and 2) projections of CRD for three SRES scenarios of climate change (A1B, A2, B1) to the year 2100. Several simple and multiply regression models were found for the relationships between climate variables and CRD. The models were applied to project future levels of CRD. At the end of 21st century we must expect increase in: circulatory mortality, Lyme boreliosis infections and skin cancer morbidity and mortality. There is also projected decrease in: respiratory mortality, overcooling deaths and in...
The Health Effects of Climate Change: A Survey of Recent Quantitative Research
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2012
In recent years there has been a large scientific and public debate on climate change and its direct as well as indirect effects on human health. In particular, a large amount of research on the effects of climate changes on human health has addressed two fundamental questions. First, can historical data be of some help in revealing how short-run or long-run climate variations affect the occurrence of infectious diseases? Second, is it possible to build more accurate quantitative models which are capable of predicting the future effects of different climate conditions on the transmissibility of particularly dangerous infectious diseases? The primary goal of this paper is to review the most relevant contributions which have directly tackled those questions, both with respect to the effects of climate changes on the diffusion of non-infectious and infectious diseases, with malaria as a case study. Specific attention will be drawn on the methodological aspects of each study, which will be classified according to the type of quantitative model considered, namely time series models, panel data and spatial models, and non-statistical approaches. Since many different disciplines and approaches are involved, a broader view is necessary in order to provide a better understanding of the interactions between climate and health. In this respect, our paper also presents a critical summary of the recent literature related to OPEN ACCESS
Climate Change and the Risk of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Email address
The emergence and re-emergence of diseases can be as a result of any of pathogen, host or environmental factors. Within the environment, climate change which is an extrinsic factor, is a major determinant. Viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections have all emerged and re-emerged at one point or the other. Vector-borne diseases are more prone to the impact of climate change. This is evidenced by the spate at which malaria has decreased dramatically in the last decade or so in areas where climate change has significant effects. There is now evidence that in some areas of the world, example Horn of Africa, warm El Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO), which are observed in the South Pacific Ocean, are associated with higher risk of emergence of Rift Valley fever, cholera and malaria and during cold La Nina events, dengue fever, chikungunya and yellow fever. This has been observed for these and other diseases in other parts of the world. Climate change can be reduced by mitigation, adaptation, geoengineering and knowledge-base-expansion. It is also essential that broad based prevention strategies, as well as new and improved countermeasures (that is, surveillance tools, diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines), be continually tested, refined and upgraded to curb the emergence and re-emergence of diseases especially those mostly impacted by climate change.