Fifty years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron : Volume 2 (original) (raw)

Fifty years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron : Volume 1

2011

This report sums up in two volumes the first 50 years of operation of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. After an introduction on the genesis of the machine, and a description of its magnet and powering systems, the first volume focuses on some of the many innovations in accelerator physics and instrumentation that it has pioneered, such as transition crossing, RF gymnastics, extractions, phase space tomography, or transverse emittance measurement by wire scanners. The second volume describes the other machines in the PS complex: the proton linear accelerators, the PS Booster, the LEP pre-injector, the heavy-ion linac and accumulator, and the antiproton rings.

History, developments and recent performance of the CERN linac 1

Proc. of the 1992 Linac …, 1992

Early June 1992, the original CERN 50 MeV proton Linac accelerated its last beam after nearly 33 years of loyal service. Although conceived as a proton machine and commissioned in 1959 as an injector for the 26 GeV Proton Synchrotron, it finished its life as a light-ion source for the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and as a cheap source of particles for tests in the Low Energy Anti-Proton Ring (LEAR). Highlights in its recent history were the installation of RFQs and the upgrading with an ECR source for O6+ and Si2+ ions. The early parameters and the subsequent modifications as well as the performance will be reviewed in this paper.

The proposed CERN Proton-Synchrotron upgrade program

2011

In the framework of the High-Luminosity LHC project, the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) would require a major upgrade to match the future beam parameters requested as pre-injector of the collider. The different beam dynamics issues, from space-charge limitations to longitudinal instabilities are discussed, as well as the proposed technical solutions to overcome them, covering the increase of the injection energy to RF related improvements.

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN–PS DIVISION

2000

Abstract The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) RF power source is based on a new scheme of electron pulse compression and bunch frequency multiplication. In this scheme the drive beam time structure is obtained by the combination of electron bunch trains in isochronous rings using RF deflectors. One of the potential problems is the drive beam transverse stability in the rings, arising from beam resonant excitation of the electric field in the RF deflectors.

Commissioning of the Proton-Linac ECR Source for FAIR

2019

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) presently built in Darmstadt, Germany, will be dedicated to physics of unstable nuclei and antiprotons. The antiproton program at FAIR needs for various experiments the delivery of 7x10 10 pbar/h beams. Consequently, the acceleration chain composed of a proton-Linac and two synchrotrons, SIS 18 and SIS 100 has to deliver 2x10 16 protons [1]. To this purpose, a 75 mA/ 68 MeV proton-Linac (p-Linac) is under construction. Its injector is composed of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, a 3 MeV Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and a Drift Transport Line (DTL) using Crossbar H-mode cavities (CH). The CEA/Saclay is in charge, in the framework of a French-German collaboration, of designing, constructing and commissioning the proton-Linac injector composed of both the ECR proton source and the LEBT with dedicated diagnostics [2]. The on-axis species repartition of the proton beam is measured with a Wien Filter (WF), and the 2D-emittance with an Allison Scanner (AS) [3]. The targeted specifications are a proton beam current of 100 mA for an energy of 95 keV at the entrance of the RFQ within an emittance of 0.3π mm.mrad (rms norm). We present in this paper the latest results obtained with the injector in view of commissioning.

Measurements of transverse space-charge effects in the CERN proton synchrotron

Proceedings of the 2003 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37440), 2003

Several beam dynamics codes are used in the design of the next generation of high beam power accelerators. They are all capable of simulating the full six-dimensional motion through a machine lattice in the presence of strong space-charge effect and beam-to-wall interaction. A key issue is the validation of these codes. This is usually accomplished by comparing simulation results against available theories, and more importantly, against experimental observations. To this aim, a number of well-defined test cases, obtained by accurate measurements made in existing machines, are of high interest. This paper reports and discusses precise measurements of transverse emittance blow-up due to space-charge-induced crossing of the integer or half-integer stop band.

Tests of the CERN Proton Linac Performance for LHC-Type Beams

2000

As the pre-injector of the LHC injector chain, the proton linac at CERN is required to provide a high-intensity (180mA) beam to the Proton Synchrotron Booster. The results of measurements at this intensity will be presented. Furthermore, the linac is now equipped with bunch shape monitors from INR, Moscow, which have allowed the comparison of the Alvarez tank RF settings

Machine Development Studies in the CERN PS Booster, in 2016

2017

The paper presents the outstanding studies performed in 2016 in preparation of the PS Booster upgrade, within the LHC Injector Upgrade project (LIU), to provide twice higher brightness and intensity to the High-Luminosity LHC.Major changes include the increase of injection and extraction energy, the implementation of a H− charge-exchange injection system, the replacement of the present Main Power Supply and the deployment of a new RF system (and related Low-Level), based on the Finemet technology. Although the major improvements will be visible only after the upgrade, the present machine can already benefit of the work done, in terms of better brightness, transmission and improved reproducibility of the present operational beams. Studies address the space-charge limitations at low energy, for which a detailed optics model is needed and for which mitigation measurements are under study, and the blow-up reduction at injection in the downstream machine, for which the beams need careful...